 Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series where we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos So let's talk a little bit closer about streptococcus pneumonia strep pneumonia is a gram-positive organism as we've known It is alpha hemolytic So on a blood auger you will see that green brown color due to the bacteria oxidizing hemoglobin and giving us that met hemoglobin Which is the oxidized derivative strep pneumoniae under a microscope will look like lancet shaped diplococci it is encapsulated and It does have an IgA protease ability and And one further thing is it is optichin sensitive and bio soluble. So as you see here in this picture this white disc that you see is a Optichin disc that they use in the laboratory What it is doing is we place this on the blood auger where we have smeared the the Microbacteria and if there is no growth around that disc Then that means that optichin is able to destroy the streptococcus pneumonia bacteria Making it optichin sensitive. So what does streptococcus pneumonia cause? Well, it leads us to meningitis otitis media and children. So that is an a middle ear infection Pneumonia and sinusitis are all possible causes Due to streptococcus pneumonia something to remember regarding streptococcus pneumonia is that it does produce that rusty colored sputum And it also is present in sepsis with sickle cell patients as well as those that don't have a spleen a lot of times Sickle cell patients will not have a spleen in and of themselves due to Autosplenectomy and something to note about streptococcus pneumonia If it does not have that capsule we talked about earlier that it's encapsulated if it doesn't have that capsule There is no virulence factor associated with streptococcus pneumonia. Let's continue On and discuss the other streptococci that is alpha hemolytic and that is the viridin's group streptococci It is gram positive. So as you can see here in this photo, this is turning that pink purple color on a gram stain So the background is pink and the gram positive organism is purple and you can see a lot of that here Once we've already mentioned that it is alpha hemolytic And it is a cocci the test to determine this streptococcus viridin's versus streptococcus pneumonia is the optichin sensitivity test and we've already mentioned that This is optichin resistant and it also is bile insoluble and This is a normal flora that's seen in the oral pharynx. So you will have this on every individual As a common occurrence. So if you did a swab of the nose You would probably find viridin streptococci. It only becomes problematic when it gets into places. It's not supposed to be So a couple of the viridin's group is streptococci mutans and streptococcus mitis Those if they get into infection areas in the teeth They can cause dental carries strep sanguineness They make dextrans that will bind to the fibrin platelet aggregates on damaged heart valves So this is what leads us to bacterial endocarditis or subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Making its way into the bloodstream during some sort of for a procedure. So in this case patients that have problems with their heart valves or Endocarditis risks, we will give them a prophylactic antibiotic before they have dental procedures, especially or any type of upper respiratory procedures to reduce the risk of Causing some bacteria endocarditis by introducing any of these strep viridin's group bacteria into the blood We can remember the viridin's group using some mnemonics. So first and foremost The strep viridin's group is in the oral pharynx naturally. So they are not afraid of the chin So opt to chin so they're opt to chin resistant. They're not afraid of it Specifically strep sanguineness Think of it as that there's blood in the heart and the heart is where we can have endocarditis due to strep sanguineness If you found this material helpful for your studying, please like and consider subscribing to the channel Also, share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have