 Abstract 3D printing has become a popular technique for creating biomaterials with various applications in medical research. By introducing stimulus responsiveness into 3D printing, known as 4D printing, intelligent biomaterials with shape-changing capabilities have been developed. Polysaccharides are biodegradable polymers that can be used for both 3D and 4D printing. However, optimizing mechanical strength and printability of polysaccharide-based scaffolds while maintaining their aneurysmal, avascular, and poor metabolic characteristics remains a challenge. Integrating multiple disciplines including biomedicine, chemistry, materials science, and computer science will help to create multipurpose printable biomaterials. This paper compares 3D and 4D printing technologies, summarizes the literature on biomaterials engineering through printing techniques, and highlights the challenges associated with 3D slash 4D printing, as well as the role of polysaccharides in the technological shift from 3D to 4D printing for translational medicine. This article was offered by Hennieh Shokhrani, Amir Hossain Shokhrani, Farzad Sadi, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.