 Zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZNONPs, widely used in various industrial products and have gained popularity in biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and economic benefits. They have emerged as a promising potential in biomedicine, particularly in anti-cancer and antibacterial fields, for triggering excess reactive oxygen species, ROS, production, releasing zinc ions, and inducing cell apoptosis. ZNONPs also keep the structural integrity of insulin and have been developed for anti-diabetic treatment. Furthermore, they exhibit excellent luminescent properties and are used in bio-imaging. This article was authored by Gene Huang, Jiang, Jiang Pi, and GSCAI.