 social mobility in Pakistan. As we already know that social mobility is the concept which actually deals with the change of status. Change of status linked with individual status as its impact on the family's end in the end overall the society. So we can say that from the beginning days, from 1947, when Pakistan's government or Pakistan's economy had not much resources available, and it took some time to settle those people who migrated from India to Pakistan. They were living with another status there and when they had to settle in new circumstances, they definitely had to face a lot of challenges. Similarly, the percentage of education in Pakistan was low. Then in Pakistan, the people who came here and migrated to Pakistan became a part of Pakistan. There were a lot of ethnic issues there as well. So in the context of many such hard realities, if we look at Pakistan's economy, in the 50s, there were a lot of issues, but then in the 60s, an economic development wave was introduced in Pakistan. This wave was linked to foreign investment, which in Pakistan had planned for an economic development and through which the lives of the people here were influenced and people were able to see that development is happening in Pakistan. This was also said that the opportunities in Pakistan are limited for the urban centers. When a short term planning is done instead of long term planning, then obviously there are a lot of issues or challenges there. That is why the development of the 60s economic development, the main objection is that this area is focused. That is, there are a lot of incidents in some areas. That is why the trend of social mobility in the centers was raised. That is, the centers of development have become some cities, some areas have become areas. So the class system developed in Pakistan was very sharp. That is, some people's income has increased a lot towards upward mobility. Their class status has changed a lot, but the majority of the people had only downward mobility. That is, they had fewer opportunities, less jobs and then there was a time period between the 70s and 80s where a lot of missiles had to be faced in the lives of the people. Then we can see that overall in the society of Pakistan, the indicators of social development like health, technology, education, work and reliance on technology. These all are the indicators which reflect the overall social development of a society. And if these indicators are strong, that means that the horizontal mobility, the upward mobility is actually practicing in that country or in that system. But in the case of Pakistan, the health sector, the education sector, the link with the technology and specifically, the involvement of the majority of the people, it is absent in the whole scenario of Pakistani society. So what type of efforts government tried to make that due to the trend towards the social mobility although government tried to improve the life of the citizens on the basis of some socio-economic by opting some socio-economic indicators. But still we are facing the issues in context of social mobility that people wants to have more income, people wants to have good jobs, but of the efforts they are lacking. People, in their mind, in their eyes or in their efforts, are trying to improve their status by trying in some way and taking it upward. But what happens is that if a family or a child gets education and gets a good job, instead of trying to improve the status of their entire family, if they involve their family in that improvement, normally people do it by themselves, but they don't try to do it for their family. Similarly, if a specific area or a family has a political or important place, the basic task is to play an important role in the social growth of our area. But this also seems to us to be less and less. So overall, there is a social mobility, opportunities are growing in Pakistan, but still there are certain hurdles and there must be a clear cut strategy by the government to influence the life of the people in a positive sense.