 Studying Macbeth by Shakespeare. Let's do some word level analysis beginning with the witches. In act one, scene one they say, fair is foul and foul is fair. Hover through the fog and filthy air. This links to the theme of the supernatural causing chaos. Fair means good, foul means evil. So when they say this that means that they are reversing the natural order to cause chaos. Bear in mind Shakespeare uses repetition of fair and foul foul is fair. They mentioned the fog which is pathetic fallacy and that's meant to make us feel really scared. Also there's a lot of alliteration of the fricative F to create a more sense of dread and fear within us as the audience.