 Okay, good afternoon. Good morning wherever you are. It's nice to meet you all this afternoon or this morning. We are very privileged to have you all joining us as we are going to run very exciting, I believe going to be very exciting workshop webinar. This is the third in the series after having our first and second one in September and October respectively. So, it's been a very exciting time to look at in more detail about it land restoration and as we work together with colleagues in the RG and and also various institution university. We are looking forward to have a very productive webinar today as we are looking at the very exciting aspect of land restoration which are the governance, social and economic aspect. So we will dig up digger deeper about this important issues of it land restoration as we are going to learn from you, both speakers and participants about how to understand better about restoring pitland in the future because I believe you all know that BRG is approaching its first phase towards the end of this year. So since it was announced back in Paris 2016 government of Indonesia plans to restore about 2 million hectares of a degraded pitland, and this is a huge task. We will see what's happening after five years of activities in Indonesia and also the dynamic how BRG in particular engaging with community with all stakeholders in the region where pitland restoration is taking place. So to help BRG again to monitor what's the result, success or failure of it land restoration, we are eager to help by providing a kind of criteria and perhaps also indicators how to monitor that, which is going to be guided by fundamental principle of it land restoration understood and felt by all stakeholders. So as I said this is the third one in the first one in September we were trying to set the scene what would be the possible criteria to be assessed and what kind of indicators would be incorporated. And then we went deeper to look at the biophysical and fire attributes as part of the criteria to look at the success and failure of pitland restoration. And today we are going to explore how governance, social and economic aspect will be part of that assessment in the future. We are trying to identify those criteria in the past two webinars and expectedly we will also be guided how to validate that in the next webinar in December. So this is the scene that we are going to or the scenario that we are going to go through towards producing a kind of tool to help BRG and other stakeholders to monitor the success of pitland restoration. So we will have a very packed schedule today and very privileged to have 10 speakers joining us and supporting us. And certainly the participation of you or participants are very, very hopeful that hopefully will be supporting this exercise. Two speaker will be speaking in the opening session to again to look at the governance issue in the plenary and we will be split into two sessions in after the government sessions. So that we can have two parallel sessions looking at social and economic aspect at the same time. So we will save the time and I believe you've been registering and choosing your preference, whether you are joining into the social aspect or the economic aspect. And I heard from the host that about 200 participants are registered and they are split exactly equally in these two sub plenary sessions. In there, we will be discussing these two different aspects separately, but we will be gathered together again in the plenary and doing some exercise from these three aspects. That we are discussing today before Haris Kunawan from BRG is closing the session and share with us what is BRG is expecting in the next webinar, etc. So, all together we will spend about two and a half hour, hopefully, and if we stick on our time schedule, keep track with that we will be in a good shape. So this exercise, all together webinar one, two, three, four are expected to deliver, as I said earlier, a nice setting set of criteria and indicator how to monitor bitland restoration. And we will also be guided how to validate that. And in the future, and hopefully next year we will be working with partners, especially the restoration, regional restoration team, TRGD. Next year we will be working with you more closely and many of them are joining us today. So we are glad to welcome you and hopefully we are on the same page after listening the discussion today. So that's my sort of setting of the scene for today. And I hope you will be actively participating in this webinar. There are checkbox that you can chip in if you have questions put your question there. But if it's only comment just put C and then you comment whatever you want to say, we will be recording that. So also those who are speaking Bahasa Indonesia only do not hesitate to type your questions or comments in Bahasa Indonesia. We will take care of them. So without further ado, I would like to invite our keynote speaker. Ibu Mirna Savitri, the Deputy Head of BRG who is specializing on issues related to education, decentralization or dissemination of information and participation of local people. So with that role and capacity, Ibu Mirna will be sharing with us what is the issue at the local level in terms of governance. Of course this is based on her hands on kind of experience in the past five years with BRG. As you may know, but if you don't, I just want to let you know Ibu Mirna is anthropologist and a good teacher in the Pancasila University and while holding her position as the beauty head is very active in teaching. So we are going to learn from her how this issue of dissemination information, et cetera, will be gathered and then provide feedback from the local people. And then we learn how to do that for the sake of this monitoring in the future. And Ibu Mirna, please, I convey to you your floor is yours. First, I would like to start with this. Why rural development matters in Petland restoration? Of course I know that most of you already familiar with this. First, in the 2.6 million hectares of targeted areas of the Petland restoration, there are more than 1000 villages. This is based on the data in 2015. And the area of the Petland in those villages covering 1.4 million hectares and more than 50% of these areas overlaps with the concessions and also with the conservation areas. That's one fact. The other, we also see that in the 1000 villages, we can find a diverse ethnic groups. Some of them are indigenous but others are non-indigenous with different historical background of their migration to the Petland ecosystem. And using also data in 2015 from the Ministry of Village Affairs, we know that around 87% of these villages were under the status of the less developed villages or in Bahasa Indonesia, Sangat Tertinggal and Tertinggal. So this is the fact. This is the data. And we also understand because I think we are on the same page that we need the genuine participation, we need community participation, etc. That village and community must be the subject of the development. In this case is the Petland restoration. So they are not just an object and village is not just a locus of the projects. We also see that in the several international legal instruments such as the UN declaration on the rights of the patients and people work in the rural areas. Also mentions that in the climate change adaptation and mitigation policies need to consider the patients and also the practices of their knowledge. So that's why based on this background, we in 2017 decided to implement a program that we call the Pet Care Village Program or the Sapa Duli Gambo. In short, these programs are aimed to assist the villages to improve their socioeconomic status. And we use the criteria indicator already developed by the Ministry of Village Affairs named Index Desa Mambangu. I don't know in English the best translations of the Index Desa Mambangu. It's like a Village Development Index. We compare this index with another index developed by Bapenas, for example. And since to us that for the context of the community participation in the Petland restorations that this EDM or the Index Desa Mambangu is a little bit fit with our objective. So that's why we use this criteria and indicator. Not the perfect, but it can be used as starting point to develop the criteria and indicator. Now about our activities. I would like to use this forum also to report to you all about our activities and also achievement and also problems. Because this is the last year of our service to this country of the Petland Restoration. With the Index Desa Puduli Gambo, we conduct 10 activities from placing village facilitators living in the village for 10 months a year, doing daily communications with the villagers and also the village government. And we also facilitated the community to set up and sometimes to revitalize the local organizations that can support the Petland Restoration. Several forms of the organization. And this is the most important part of our work. We try to integrate the Petland Restoration into village development. So that's I think the key of the issues of developing the criteria and indicators of the successful and socio-economic intervention in the Petland. We try to integrate the activities related to the Petland Restoration. To the Village Development Plan, the Mitrum, the RPJM Des, the Rencana Pembangunan Jangkab Menengah Desa, the Mitrum Development Plan, the 5-year plan of the village, and also with the annual plan of the village. There are hundreds of villagers already integrate these activities into their development plan. And they also allocate the budget, the village budget, the RPB Des, Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa, that consists of budget from the central government and also from the district government. To support the plant activities. For now, I can share with you, based on our last year data, there are 143 villages already have the RPB Des that integrate the Petland Restoration. And the number of the budget allocated is around 16 billion Rupiah. And then 9 billion of them used for the prevention of the Petland fire. And then we also work to assist in the participatory governance of the Petland. We educate the local organizations about the principle of the good governance, accountability, etc. You know, I think in previous webinar probably you understand that most of the activities of the infrastructure building in the Petland Restoration carried out by the community groups, the Pogmas. So we assist the Pogmas to develop the transparency and also accountability principles. And we also provide opportunities for the communities for the combined mechanism. For watch the implementation of the Petland Restoration in their villages. So we at BRG under my task developed the mechanism of compliance that used by the community and also we educate the community how to use that kind of mechanism. Including in this sense is to oblige all the parties that involved in the Petland Restoration to implement the free and prior informed consent. I don't have time to tell you in detail, but that's I think several activities that we conduct to support the disability government. The other things I also want to share with you that we try our best to implement the inclusive approach. Because we know that the village is not a single homogeneous community. So that's why we try to work with the diverse groups. Sometimes we work with the women and youth, we also work with the patients, some of them are landless, and then we also work with the local elite. I will go back to the issue of the local elite later on. Then, as I mentioned before that we promote the improvement of the EDM of the village. In previous slide, you can see about the change of the EDM score of the 366 villages that we already facilitated. Then we also work to develop together with the patients about the climate smart agriculture or some prefer to use the climate wise agriculture. This is to seek for an answer and also solutions when the government prohibits the Petland burning. So long story short, I can tell you that we develop the local innovation of the Petland farmers to see about the best technology to continue their agriculture activities in the graded Petland. By using the zero burning technology, by using natural farming, etc. And now we have more than 1,000 farmers involved as a gather that we call at the farmer field school or Sekolah Lapang Petani. And I am proud to tell you also that 20% of them are women. We also understand that the social economic intervention cannot be isolated into one village intervention. We all know that in the Petland restoration, water management is important. We talk about the landscape that we call as a Kahage, Petland hydrological unit. But very often that when we talk about the Kahage, we just talk about the ecological aspect of the Kahage, the bio-physical aspect. We ignore about the community. So that's why we combine the Kahage approach with another policy of the government that called the rural zone policy or Kawasan Perdesaan. This is not a new policy. This policy coming from the spatial planning law and also the village law. So we utilize these two laws to develop the Kawasan Perdesaan Gambut or the rural zone area. One minute more. One minute more. Okay, let's learn. First, we understand that sometimes we try to develop something new. But in our experience that utilize all the existing policies and programs is important. The challenge is how can we do improvement? How can we develop innovation? How can we make them work? Second, number and diversity matters. Okay, we cannot talk about one, two villages. At SVRG, we need to serve all villages. So that's why number is very important. And also because we want to make it as a movement. Movement without number is impossible. And then local elites cannot be avoided. That's the fact. But the challenge is how can we make them include in this program? How can we manage them to be supportive to this program? Local champions. Yes, we need local champions. But sometimes we forget that once we're very dependent on the local champions, they become the new elite. So that's why better engagement with the local champions is also important. Last, data should be also collected and also analyzed with the communities, data and map. That's what we do. The conclusion. First, landscape approach is important. But how to combine the Petland hydrological unit with the rural zone? That's what we are doing now. How to develop a green economy model based on the Kawasan Perdesa and Gambut? We are developing, we are facilitating around 14 Kawasan Perdesa, where we also assist the district government to develop the green economy model for this Kawasan. Second, about criteria and indicators, we use EDM. Because that's the formal and legal criteria and indicators already provided by the government to assess about the socio-economic change of the village. As I mentioned before, not perfect yet, but can be used as a starting point. So we developed the EDM and we now have what we call as EDPG, or Index Desapaduli Gambut. And we use it as our instrument to monitor about the intervention of the desapaduli gambut. The EDPG as the EDM also consists of three criteria that each developed into several indicators, socio-economic and ecological resilience. The third, when we talk about the community governments, we need to talk about the local institutions. But we also need to be open to the hybrid local institutions. We do not say that 100% a traditional institution is good. We need to be open, to be innovative with the institution. And we already tried in several villages with this hybrid model. Last one is about the local wisdom. What we are developing in our Sekualah Lapang, the Farmer Field School, is a sort of new local wisdom. How the traditional wisdom combine with the new approach and then they develop together. This picture I just took this morning when I visited one village in Bengalis. His name is Parismail. He is not an indigenous. He is a Japanese. But he developed several interesting innovations in his plan. And also interestingly, he can connect about the sustainable farming into market even though it's a very small scale way. He has a stall in the wet market. I also visited that wet market where he sells his harvest from the land to this stall. So this is an example of how people actually can show us about their innovation. Thank you very much and then back to you Pa Danil. Thank you. Thank you very much, Ibu Merna. That's very enlightening, especially when you underline the importance of green economy. And that is very much related to the next speaker, next conversation when we are trying to align rural development with the green economic objectives that will be explored by Marcel, who is a wetland ecologist. I think Marcel has been spending his entire professional life in wetland since it was the beginning of the ASEAN Wetland Bureau. And now it is called Wetland International. Marcel is behind all those processes. And this new role, new capacity in the GGGI, the global green growth internationally. Very important to see how this local initiative, local activities can be connected with that idea of green growth economy. Marcel, I offer to you. Thank you very much Pa Danil. So I'll be talking about how peatland restoration can be aligned with green growth and economic benefits for people. In fact, Ibu Merna already mentioned everything, but I will try to give it a different perspective, a slightly different entrance point. So green growth is actually the development that simultaneously achieves poverty reduction, social inclusion, environmental sustainability and economic growth. I think when we look at peatland restoration, we need to look at it in that context. The critical steps that can be undertaken for such peatland restoration and first of all to determine what kind of land tenure there is in the landscape. What's the land status of the land? Second step would be to start the consultation process and implement the consultation process with the local communities, as Ibu Merna already explained. And to identify the suitable land use practices and ways to improve the livelihoods of the people in those peatlands. Without the local people in the peatlands, we cannot sustainably restore peatlands. The next step would be to identify and develop the commitments of all the different stakeholders in that landscape to actually make investments. And those stakeholders can be local, but can also be stakeholders from outside, including major funds, but also central government. Only after that, only after these social aspects, the social cohesion in the program has been developed. I think we can start thinking about hydrological rehabilitation of the deep peat areas, which in the deep peat I believe needs to include full rewetting. Closer to the villages on the shallow repeat, I think there need to be compromise and maybe some drainage will be needed. And then we can, after the hydrological restoration, consider the reforestation. I believe it needs a landscape-wide approach. So an integrated landscape approach for peatland restoration would be focused on particularly restoring, I think, the fire-prone peatlands now in Indonesia. They have a key priority, but you can't look only at the peat. You need to look at them in the context of the entire landscape. So also their buffer zones, in terms of, for instance, the mineral soils that are around the peatlands. And this needs to include business models for local enterprises, which can be for local people, but also local business, local private sector. And the landscape-wide approach in peatlands requires that we address the full hydrological unit, the Kahage, as Ibu Mirna already explained. So just to show you an example, we've been looking with the Global Green Growth Institute at request also of BRG at a landscape on the border of Central and South Kalimantan, the Uttar Serapat peatland landscape, Kahage 25. This Kahage is split between two provinces. And normally you would see two provinces, each province having their own plan for such an area. In peatlands, we require that these boundaries need to be ignored and there needs to be one integrated plan for the entire landscape. So these provinces will need to work together. The entire landscape is 100,000 hectares. The deep peat area is 40,000 hectares. And the whole area has tens of villages around it, of different Dayak communities, transmigrant communities also, that all have their different kind of livelihoods, perspectives and options. And when we talk about peatland restoration, we need to take this social context into account. Again, as Ibu Mirna mentioned, it's not just the biophysical landscape, it's the social landscape that determines the possibilities for restoration. So if you look at this also in a more schematic way, you can see the peatland area with the deep peat dome, the shallow peatland areas and then the mineral soils around it. So you'll have core and utilization zones in this landscape. And these are determined by the hydrology, the biophysical features, the degradation level, the restoration potential, anti-social and economic aspects. Then for restoration, the different options. For instance, the restoration of the deep peat central zone, the core area, you could think about protection, restoration measures, reforestation activities, carbon conservation, where carbon finance is going to play a key role. And then of course we need to put constraints on other uses in order for this deep peat area to be able to function as an ecosystem. We go to the shallow peatland areas where often the interactions with the communities are. We need to look at sustainable use options such as GLAM, which occurs abundantly in degraded peatlands, which produces honey, can produce oil and can produce wood. Other mixed agroforestry enterprises, but also aquaculture and dug farming in the Uttar-Sarapat area, there's a thriving dug farming industry with an international market for the eggs and the meat. And then not look only at the peatlands, but also at the mineral soils. There's a lot of development needs and opportunities there, which can alleviate the development pressure on the peat. So think about Sengon rubber, other kind of agriculture, including rice, but also mixed agroforestry in these mineral soil areas. Just to show you the complexity of this. Maybe talk about the business model. It's not that easy. There are a lot of different players that need to be involved. You have the investors, the finances, so microfinance institutions to support the smallholder farmers, impact investors, international funds such as GCF. The carbon finance needs to come in, commercial banks for the private sector. Then the smallholders need to be supported and Joe's can play a role with the technical assistance and the national government and local government of course need to play a role with the resource mapping and providing budgets and financial incentives. If that comes together in an area like the Uttar-Sarapat area with these different communities and their different ideas on how to develop, you can see that in the buffer zones there are different options. In the north we found mixed agroforestry options with Sengon on the mineral soils and on the deep peat soils the indigenous species. Then in other buffer zones we found a higher interest from the communities for fish pond development. In some areas the galaam and honey production would be useful where you would restore deeper peat areas and the bees can go into the area to get the product out. So often with peat and rewetting the area becomes difficult to access but it's not difficult to access for bees. So this would be a very suitable business option in peatlands. In areas where canals have been dug for oil pond plantation these could be blocked and you could focus on carbon financing in such areas. Then on the other shallower peatland areas you would have fisheries, dug farming and on the mineral soils agriculture with rice, rubber and fisheries and ducks. Now then we have a way to work at the landscape level if we can all coordinate the audience stakeholders and if they can come to a joint vision for an entire area. How to upscale this further I think talking about governance we need to have a jurisdictional approach where the different stakeholders from the different peatland landscapes in a province can come together. So we need to recognize provinces now as a jurisdictional unit responsible for resource management in Indonesia. And for instance in East Kalimantan there's now the FCPF project designed for provincial sub-national jurisdictional emission reductions. The same could happen at the biome level peatlands in Central Kalimantan could be a target of such a jurisdictional approach where it can provide a mechanism to coordinate and to bundle the management and the financing instruments that are needed for multiple peatland landscapes. This can help to enable the upscaling of these mechanisms and the best practices and you can implement this in a more effective and efficient way by also sharing the lessons learned between these different landscapes. So that will require an enabling platform I think that needs to be coordinated by the provincial government where these stakeholders can come together to share the lessons learned to mainstream the green growth investments at the landscape level and to design and coordinate and finance the larger bankable projects for these landscapes based on a common vision and joint monitoring reporting and verification systems. My last slide is just to give you a message which is that if your priority is ecological restoration and fire prevention in peatlands it is critical to have good governance social inclusion and economic benefits to make your ecological approach workable and socially sustainable. If your priority is economic development and poverty reduction it is critical to have a sound ecological approach to make the economic approach environmentally sustainable. So these things clearly hang together. Thank you for your attention over to you again. Thank you. Thank you very much, Marcel. This is really very interesting complementarity of complementing the previous speaker and we will explore further in the next session.