 Molecular marker technology has revolutionized plant breeding over the past few decades. Molecular markers can be used to identify genes associated with desired traits, allowing breeders to select plants with desirable characteristics. Next generation sequencing, NGS, has enabled the development of new types of molecular markers such as genotyping by sequencing, GBS, which allows for the rapid identification of genetic markers from large numbers of individuals. These advances have led to increased efficiency in plant breeding, allowing breeders to make faster progress towards developing improved varieties. This article was authored by Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz, Muhammad Kaseem Shaheed, and others.