 we have a big topic today the appeal of violent extremism and migration and we have a very renowned panel so what I'd like to do this morning is we have about an hour and a half we will start with 45 to 50 minutes of discussion among the panel then we'll turn it over to the audience starting first with our Moe Ibrahim fellows and scholars and allow them to ask a few questions so that we can get the voice of the young leaders of this continent into this discussion and then I'll turn it over to you let me first introduce our panel I'll sit down and introduce the panelists first our host you self I'm Ronnie who was a member of the Royal Cabinet of His Majesty King Mohammed the six then we have of course a mere Muhammad do Sunni see the second the emir of Connell a nobleman and a respected Islamic scholar with law degrees in Sharia and Islamic studies then we have Jean-Marie Gahano who's the president and CEO of the International Crisis Group also has served as the longest serving UN undersecretary general for peacekeeping operations overseeing the greatest expansion of peacekeeping operations and finally we have another diplomat Martin Kobler who's a career diplomat and a veteran of the German Foreign Service including ambassador to Iraq and Egypt he's long served in the United Nations as well as special rep of the UN support mission in Libya very much hi-hat hello my name is Ayah I'm from Tunisia and I was a Moe Ibrahim scholar last year at SOAS and I did my thesis on youth radicalization recruitment of Daesh in Tunisia and recruitment of Al-Shabaab Mujahideen in Kenya so my cousin in 2013 when he was 22 years old he was radicalized he's a graduate engineer he's middle class he's not unemployed and he decided to go to fight in Syria we succeeded to de-radicalize him but that made me feel that radicalization is knocking my family's door and that's how I get involved in working in this I have three main points if you allow me to get across them the first one is there are many states now or countries that try to project in the public imagination a rhetoric of fear and surveillance to justify the treatment of young people as suspects of terrorism don't you think that de-radicalization policies are further radicalizing the youth don't you think that the UN global counter-terrorism strategy is giving a free hand to states to violate youth rights to justify online censorship to stigmatize youth based on their age and to me the state response to terrorism so far has been typically retributive because it's resulting in in a collective punishment of young people now the report on Africa tipping point shows that the more the state violence against civilians the more we see terrorism in the country yet you and programs and state programs focus on building a culture of peace for the youth nonviolent communication for young people building peace builders but to me the people who need first nonviolent communication are security forces because they are breeding the violence the second point is really about youth agency so don't you think this argument of young people are helpless and jobless and desperate and that's why they join these terrorist groups is becoming invalid with facts and data I don't think that an employment can make someone go to violent extremism but rather the perception of injustice so the question is is deeper than an employment is really about inequality the second response to that is also the legitimization of power that you touch on on the state young people see these extremist groups as legitimate fighters and not as perpetrators of violence so these groups offer something bigger than the nation state and the national identity dash has no visa restriction the average Asian dash is 30 years old they have 80 citizenship and they speak more than 30 languages so people still ask why young chinesians who started the 21st century revolutions are the highest number of foreign fighters in dash well because the chinesians would like to challenge the status quo and dash stands as a policy preference the third point is to really ask you about where is the threat what is the threat and where is the threat we've been told for the past seven years in North Africa that dash is the ultimate threat and many funding has been put into countering violent extremism if you look at youth violence around the world it's really in homicides and crimes and if you look where it's taking place it's taking place in the United States and in South America not in Africa so making us believe that we are the most dangerous region in the world is really true after the revolution in Tunisia many countries came and put so much money into countering violent extremism but no one is helping us to counter trafficking or human trafficking very few have put money investing in youth and employment and investing in combating violent against women in investing in desertification if you want to know what's the biggest threat for Tunisia in the next ten years it's actually drought and floods thank you thank you does anyone want to address any of that no a tough act to follow I take it as a statement that's exactly what I can give one example actually yes Sal who what which country in the world is a country with the highest rate of violent deaths per hundred thousand after Syria which is number one in the United States Salvador Salvador yes and it it makes it makes the point very very strongly this is where crime has become a way of life and the distinction between crime and politics has disappeared I want to say only two words to the our Tunisian colleagues I think you raised very crucial questions and you also answered this question you said you didn't understand how a young Tunisian graduate from engineering got radicalized I will say the same thing in the guy in France or in Belgium who was educated in French schools with the law what they're the Republic and radicalized so it's a big question that he has a good job and he want to fight no I think one issue we didn't tackle today about migration so to come back is the issue and it was very well mentioned in the book the issue of climate change I think this issue we didn't give it it is one of the important issues we have to tackle that's why in Africa and again here in Marrakech three months a few months ago we had the summit and the margins of the COP 22 on African leaders because we think today we need to address this issue of climate change it is one of the major causes of migration and and this is I think one issue maybe next time more we will have something on this climate change issue so that I'd like to very much thank our distinguished panel I think that they've given us tremendous insight and I also want to thank all of you for being an outstanding audience thank you