 the topic which we are going to discuss is theories of accident causation accident incurred in many situations we have discussed now the different theories which are related to accidents we will discuss them one by one as you have seen over the years from many years, many decades, many centuries several theories of accident causation have evolved that attempts to explain why accidents occur in theories, primary aim is to detect what kind of accidents are happening and how to prevent them the most widely known theories of accident causation are domino theory, a human factor theory third is accident incident theory and last is the epidemiological theory now here I have shared 4 types of theories which are of primary importance along with that, if we look at adjacent, there are 3 more theories which are of secondary importance there are system theories, combination theories and behavioral theories if we conclude them, then these are total 7 theories the primary aim of these 7 theories is to discuss the different theories of accident causation now we are going to discuss them one by one henrich domino theory of accident causation this theory is called domino theory which is henrich a person who has described 5 factors and he told us with the sequence that there are 5 factors in the sequence of events leading to up to an accident these factors can be summarized as follows number 1, Ancestry and social environment Ancestry and social environment's purpose is that wherever you are working if the working environment is healthy then chances of accidents are less if the working environment is not healthy then chances of accidents are more fault of a person this common practice is seen that most of the time in any organization accidents occur where the negligence comes in front of a person or the implie itself is negligence or the performance of your different types or the supervisor or the supervisor their negligence comes in front of them these are the reasons that organizations have seen these things and they have also seen how to control them the primary objective is how you can escape from accidents in organizations henrich domino theory of accident causation the third point is it is the unsafe act mechanical or physical hazards unsafe act it means that in organizations there is no healthy safety environment unsafe act mechanical or physical hazards act mechanical means if we talk about it technically then the mechanical part of the organization the machinery of the plant or the equipment related to it there may be problems in it and physical hazards act for example the space where you are working the space is less most probably you are moving from one place to another place and specifically the gap in between is very less so there are chances that if there are some products then you can be injured that point is accidents typically accidents that result in injury are caused by falling are being hit by moving object this is a self explanatory point that in organizations they have seen that something is moving you have ignored it when you have seen it from the right side or from the left side chances are that the object can hit you when the object will hit you there is one sort of injury over there and fifth point is your injury itself typical injuries resulting from accidents include lacerations and fracture now here it is seen that in organizations when injuries are in severe form then the implies can also be fractured for this sometimes you have to go for some surgery as well hand-rich domain theory of accident causation is a very important aspect it is linked to industrial safety first point is injuries result from a completed series of factors one of which is accident itself accidents are many reasons for example, I am giving you a lecture if something is stuck on the top of the house then it is one sort of accident and it may be result of injury if before explaining all the mechanisms or before doing the work if you see it in safety then chances of injuries will be less second point is an accident can occur only as the result of an unsafe act by a person or the physical mechanism mechanical hazards the first I have discussed after D.S. students this point is relevant again in organizations physical environment, safety, healthy hygienic working environment so chances of accidents are less most accidents are the results of unsafe behavior of the people as well sometimes the behavior of the employee is not very caring attitude and it is seen that when there is no caring attitude of any person then it is also seen that there is an accident in the result and unsafe act the main point is if you have an injury then there is unsafe practice in good organizations SOPs are written display is written the employee is shared communicate is done and the employee is educated if the employee is educated then chances are that the activity in the repetitive way will not occur in the redundancy way when it will not repeat then the chances are higher as compared to those organizations which are not practicing these particular practices the reasons why people commit unsafe act can serve as a helpful guide in selecting corrective action to convert unsafe practice in corrective action for example if someone tells a lie and he has been converted from lie to truth now he speaks truth when he converts then he will convert from bad habit to good habit similarly if there is unsafe practice in some organization that people are not following if they start following then chances of injury will be reduced thus variety of an accident is largely virtuous and the accidents that cause it is largely preventable any accident can be dealt with in a preventable way any accident whether it is a burnout related to health physical, chemical hazardous it can be controlled but for this you need a lot of care if in an organization there is an accident on it the work of research and development so that it does not have such activities then automatically these things can be dealt with in a preventable way the best accident prevention technique are analogues with the best quality and productivity techniques analogues what is there what is going to happen and you have to control it if you are going to control it you have to do all maximum possibilities that you have to control the activities and it should not be like that analogues with the best quality and productivity techniques management should assume responsibility for safety because it is the best position to get the result safety is given more weight in the organization why it is given more weight safety is the best mechanism to control injury or to control accident if all aspects related to safety are followed then automatically in the organization chances of much less accidents the supervisor is the key person in the prevention of industrial accidents if someone is working in an organization if someone who is a supervisor the supervisor is the senior he is the manager he is in the top management position and he has gone through from all steps in his life he has seen things in the lower management he has done all the work in middle management now he is in the top management if the supervisor is followed automatically chances of accidents will be reduced in addition to the direct cost of an accident for example compensation liability claims medical cost and hospital expenses there are also some hidden or indirect cost these are 10 points there are two things mentioned in this direct cost and indirect cost in direct cost hospital expenses hospital bill employee compensation these are the expenses which you have to pay because the indirect is a hidden organization image bad repute whose calculation is difficult but due to this the repute of the organization will be damaged so both these things can be added and calculated human factor theory of accident causation overload inappropriate activities human error factor inappropriate response if you see it is a two way aspect inappropriate activities link is with inappropriate response and if you see it it is overload when the employee is overloaded automatically the way he works and his exertion of body will be more chances of accidents will be more as compared to other people human factor theory of accident causation human factor theory of accident causation attributes to accidents chain of events accidents chain of events but if you see it it consists of following three work factors that leads to human error work overload inappropriate response and inappropriate activities inappropriate activities inappropriate response and overload because of these three things inappropriate response