 Let's discuss drafting and its benefits in a writing course. First, as you remember in the previous module, we talked about planning and we also discussed pre-writing as one of the important exercises to help students get started. When the students actually get started, they need to write, they need to draft out and then they don't need to worry about the accuracy. Drafting is all about fluency, putting ideas in a writing in the form of words, in the form of sentences or in the form of shorter paragraphs. So drafting is actually, as I said before, is followed by pre-writing exercise. So the main purpose of drafting is just coming up with ideas and putting those ideas in the form of writing. And our focus is on fluency, like just, for instance, there can be kind of rhetorical devices misses or comparative devices missing. So don't worry about them. You don't have to be concerned about the neatness of grammar in a fluency based, in a drafting based and classroom. And it's important that a language teacher encourages students to write multiple drafts, not a single draft, rather first draft, second draft, third draft, fourth draft. And these can be graded as well, but if you attach too much significance to grading, it might affect students' confidence. And when the students are engaged in drafting, it's important to make them think of their audience, whether they are writing for their classmates, whether they are writing for their peers, or whether they are writing for their family members, or whether they are writing for pen friends. So the main purpose is to make them realize what they are writing for. That will actually help them set the tone and the style of writing. If, for example, they have no audience in view, they might not be thinking seriously about the consequences of their writing drafts. So apart from setting the tone, what it will do, it will make them conscious, it will make them notice what they are writing and see the things so consciously. And that will eventually dictate a certain style of writing and style of writing, a writer's voice, writer's personality is important in writing. So the whole, the central idea in drafting stage is to plan and then communicate. So we need some ideas to communicate and this can happen in the form of drafting. So there are different genres of writing, for example, narrative, expository, or argumentative. So the purpose is to encourage students to write, whether they would like to narrate a story, whether they want to give exemplification about certain phenomenon, or whether they want to argue. So actually, any genre is the purpose is actually to help students draft and also make them realize the genre within which they are writing. And another important point in draft writing is to start their paragraph or start their writing with the startling statement and then followed by the middle and then a short summary of the rest of the writing. And apart from different genres of writing, we can train our students to write for different purposes, for example, as a general statement, as a general philosophy about there, about themselves and apology to someone or statement of purpose. So drafting is after planning is important stage in our writing course. And this has to be engineered appropriately by a language teacher in the classroom.