 and today our speakers are going to be Marisol and Mary. They're going to be talking about cover cop characteristics and identification and Mary is our livestock environmental management specialist and she's based at the Carrington Research Extension Center and Marisol is our forge research specialist on campus here in Fargo. Okay so today is going to be a little wild and just a little bit different. So we are going to do a lot of polls but then also a lot of talking with those polls. So the polls are going to be based around identification of cover crops and so we had one of our lab techs at the Carrington Research Extension Center grew has been growing cover crops for me throughout the winter and so if we'd have done this live we had several sets of cover crops grown and we would set them out with the seeds and the seedlings and you guys would identify them and then we would come back together and talk about it. So because the cover crops were already growing we didn't want to waste or lose that opportunity and so I brought all of these cover crops home into our tiny house and I took pictures of them and then we at Marisol and I created a presentation to hopefully give you some idea of what they look like in case you've never seen some so we have a few oddballs in there we also have some that look the same that you may think you know I know exactly what that is but it might be something else and so we have 21 of them there's not polls for all of them and the way we're going to do these is they're just like the other polls that we've done at the end where we say rate your usefulness but instead it's going to be what is this and what family does it belong to and you're going to get I'm only going to give you just a few seconds on each one because we're going to do so many I think you're going to be ready and you're going to be watching your screen and you're going to be active the whole time and then we will I will stop with the polls for a second and Marisol will actually talk about the plants and some of the characteristics to go along with them so I'm going to start out with just a slide here I'm going to let Marisol's talk and she's just going to chat a little bit about identification of grass parts so grass plants okay thanks Mary um before I go with this I just want to thank our sponsor the north central said that provided the funding for this professional development program and so yeah this is going to be interesting because we use this usually live you know this is like a lab how we identify but Mary did a great job of taking all the pictures and and so we'll see how this work and we in cover crops one of the things that's important is that you know how to recognize the plants so this is a little bit of a class and we I use a lot of these lights on my forest class and so the first so what we're going to do is just give you a little brief description of what you have to look and discover and discover crops identify and and I'm sure if you study agronomy or venom this you probably seen some of this stuff okay so because I will show you pictures with our names and uh and Mary's gonna do the polls and ask you what it is I know pictures not the best like because you know you can see 3d but I think she she was very good at trying to take those key structures so one of the important families in cover crops is grasses right and we have several grasses and to identify grasses in seedling stage that means we're not a panicle or a seed head we need to look at what we call the color area okay um I don't know if uh since you're sharing the screen can you show it the color area yeah okay so um the color area is where the the blade you know the leaves of the grasses are they have two main things right the blade and something called the sheath okay which is the bottom part those are connected in the color area that's what we call the color area and that's what is drawn here now different grasses have different characteristics and we look for structures in the color color area which could be the first one are the legals you can have a very large membranous legule you can have a hairy legule or simply the legals not there okay so by looking at the car area and looking for these characteristics you'll be able to tell which kind of grass it is in seedling stage and the second structure that we look on the color area is the oracles oracles are like appendages that are they're kind of hugging the the leaf where it connects with the sheath okay and in some crops are have very long claw like ones across and somebody said like big you know like barley has that and then we have some short stubby and there's some plants they don't have it there's no oracles and they're like oats okay so when May shows you the pictures I'm giving you some of the of the information what you have to look for okay and then there are the characteristics of the colors but we're not going to use those much we're going to use basically and the pictures she took are focusing in the legals and the oracles and the color area some other ones have like hairs like rye has a very hairy sheath okay and while barley and oats they don't have hairs or puresis okay so here is some of the another close-up of what we have in here and you can see these are the things we look for and the leaf sheath will look for hairy or for hairs right if if the the sheath of is open you see there's like a bee you can have a bee shape in there okay oracles like I said before absent short medium or long and hugging like claw like and legals can be there or not and can be short blunt can be toothed that's like sorghum or southern grass they have like a jagged or toothed the gill and the leaf blade in this picture shows the twist but I always say don't use that for plants grown in the greenhouse soil lab because the conditions of the where the lights coming is going to change that so you can use that direction of what the leaves rolls in in the field if you want but in greenhouse plants we don't use that because it doesn't follow it you'll you'll find plants they're going leaves going in both directions okay so this is the basic information of description of grasses and structures that we need to identify them in seedling stage okay and I know some of you you know they this is used also for identification of weed grasses okay in seedling stage but it's a lot more complex you're gonna have a lot of things but it's the same idea that you're looking at the color area all right okay Mary okay so we are going to do our first plant ID so let me let me go ahead here and find our poles and I'm going to launch it and there we go so you should be seeing the pole right now so you can see in the in the center picture is very clear that she's showing the color area of that plant so you have to look yeah just a hint if the polling box is in your way and you're thinking I can't see that you can just drag it over just click on the top of it and just move it over so then you can see what Marisol is talking about so you can see a very large legal there membranous legal okay there's no really articles you can see very much of an article in there so so about half the folks have voted and this one is not very hot potato because I want to give you guys a chance to figure out what the heck we're doing here but the rest of them after this one I'm going to do pretty quick so we can roll through them so I'm going to go ahead and end this poll don't feel bad if you guessed and you're thinking you're wrong these are all anonymous we don't know who's guessing what we just want to have give you the opportunity to to try your hand at some of these and see what you can do so okay end the poll and I want to share the results okay so this is a sorghum hybrid the EMR so this is a grass and so most of us got it we were a little confused Marisol maybe Forge Barley yeah but you Forge Barley we have really long ones and this one you see the jagged legal I mentioned before that sorghum has a jagged legal like beef vendor okay so that's a really good job by getting a good picture of the of that okay so I'm sure most of you are gonna get this all right so let's do poll two okay so here is our second poll you guys go ahead and start we have seeds too so that's gonna help you too if you have hard time with the plant in this case we're showing you the seeds too I have to say I didn't even think about that when I when I wrote the potential answers whoopsie it's gonna be very obvious it's not one of those all right right oh that's pretty good okay we're gonna end and share this one indeed is foxtail millet all right so after we go through a few of these I'm gonna stop sharing so that gets out of your way um now we have a slide that Marisol is actually gonna talk about so those were warm season grasses the two that we just went through so Marisol do you want to talk just a little bit about those yeah okay so warm season grasses and these are the two we have there's more than that right but we put these two because it's a very common cover crops that we use especially for full season cover crops for grazing for preventive planted situations here you see the least of many other ones we only have two of them right there's forest sorghum and the foxtail millet and the pictures but we have all these other ones these are crops that require warm temperatures to grow and these work great uh like in the summer you know because that's when they grow that's when you get those good temperatures um and they're very high in forest yield so whether you plant them alone or you plant them in mixture these are gonna provide a lot a lot of forage okay a lot of biomass yield so if you are thinking you know your interest is have a full season uh mix for grazing uh for the summer whereas planted sometime in June or if it's a preventive planted maybe in July you want to have something like forest sorghum in it because you need the volume right there you need a lot of the forage um and in general these grasses are low in protein but if you if you're grazing when they're still green most of them do uh have the they do cover the requirement of protein that beef uh you know that a beef cow like Miranda talked in the last webinar a 200 pound beef cow with uh with a calf needs about 8.5 percent protein and most of these grasses will have that much okay they're excellent annual summer forages the only the there's some limitations one of them you don't want to plant them in no after august like these are not good cover crops to plant after wheat harvest and it's because they need so much temperature temperature they're really not gonna grow so you're not gonna get forage for them and so uh it's it's not really the best choice for that you have other crops their best choice for fall and fall grazing or winter grazing now we always get a question is i'm sure gonna get more uh the prusic acid toxicity and we have a webinar they talk about that uh there's something you you have to uh watch but it's not as serious as people uh you know people always very scared because it's cyanide right but a forest sorghum and sudan grass and sorghum sudan have that but only when the forest is damaged by hail by frost um and if you have a mixture chances are you are not going to have much of a problem okay if you're really worried about that then the millets don't have that problem but they're a lot less yielding than the sorghum sudan grasses and well you can ask questions about all of them don't have time ty are you pee okay all right so um that's jenna and i think we're gonna leave the questions for the end right mary uh yep and you guys can always go ahead and type them in maranda's watching the chat pod today and so maranda you can always just interrupt too if you think there's something that would be easier to answer right away we can always do that you know if there's one or two on each of these groups um so up to you you just let us know sounds good okay so all right next up we have this one so you can take a peek at it while i'm getting the poll ready here okay all right go ahead so i didn't do it on this one marisol no okay i'm going to end that and share the results so this one oh we've got almost a tie marisol what do you think it is i don't remember what it is maybe well i'm glad she put it together and in a way um you both can be right the it's it's different it's very difficult to identify triticali from serial rye uh because as you know serial rye or rye is a hybrid between wheat and and rye right i mean triticali is a it's a hybrid between rye and wheat so it has the characteristic of both the difference is usually that the serial rye has a very dense uh set of hairs in them in the sheath okay so down here which i don't yeah and i don't know if i see them but this one also has articles with hairs which is the characteristic of wheat right so here um in triticali has a characteristic of little hairs on the oracles right and uh but i don't see mary i don't remember what you put in there but i don't see really really uh the very uh but maybe they're not visible so this one is forage winter triticali that's what i thought it was because because of the seed no because of the plant but it's good that you show it because these two will be hard very hard to identify seedling the only reason i was thinking that is triticali is because of those oracles with hairs and i don't see the really fine hairs on the sheath that it would be on rye rye would have very fine hairs on the sheath and these plantas and show it another thing that rye has it is a little different than triticali is that it has kind of like a purple decoration on the sheath and i don't see that either now if you look at the seeds you would know that that's triticali because rye looks different than that the seeds are different than that okay are you guys don't feel bad if you get rye because they both look very similar so you will say that you won't have it right so based on that lesson what do we have here we pretty much just told you right i tried to not make them too tricky but a little tricky okay we are going to end it's been about 30 seconds and that's so far okay so um definitely a grass and marisol you gave us the the distinguishing factors so go ahead and i'll point to them yeah you see that uh this is where i was looking for the other one and i didn't remember what order she put it but i couldn't see the hairs and you see it has like a purple decoration on the sheath you can see very clearly the hairs but you don't see a larger oracle with hairs like in the triticali so these these are the the ways to but i uh you know when i do this in class with the students these are two they're very difficult to identify unless you have a very good sample that really shows the hairs and in pictures this was hard but maybe a good job and you see how fussy the sheath is okay and that purple decoration also is very typical alright and marisol does that last when the plants are bigger um so this is this one here was more of a seedling so they were planted about three let's see here three weeks apart um so some of them i have seedling pictures and some i have both so does that purple coloration last then into when the plants are bigger i've seen it usually last no no when it starts heading again bigger i don't i don't think i've seen it so much but in seedling stage it's very typical yeah um and i think it depends too and what soil you grow it and i don't think cold varieties are the same i've seen varieties they don't have so much that purple curation that's why sometimes color is not the base id but you can add it to the id of our hairs so this one because of the hairs and the purple curation is very clear that is uh cereal rye or winter rye okay very good okay and this is the last one in this series so uh launch okay so this is the last one in this grab series you guys gotta get this one hundred percent very large oracles these are huggers look at the seed too the seed the seed is is pretty obvious because you've seen the the crop before oh we're we're we're divided huh we are we are like right on half and half divided here i think you're gonna have to help us out okay so i'm gonna end that oh i'm gonna share so everybody can see okay all right so you see the seed there and the very large hugging oracles because it is the big barley okay so this was barley okay uh oats does not have oracles okay no oracles on oats so that's that's a big difference and this is something that is easily identified and seedlings in the field on the plant okay well i like that big barley big barley okay big barley big hugging barley okay okay um oh there's another one i lied whoopsie i even made this thing okay let's do it what is this one then okay you gotta get this one guys if the other one was barley what is this one it is not a radish i think they know that they're very good on families that's good and so that last one was forage barley um and marisol that's important to have in a cover crop if we want to graze it we would want to forage barley well um forage barley varieties and i'm like you mentioned it but forage barley varieties the difference is is they don't have ons on the spikes so the animals don't get pinched when they graze it now you have it in a mixture and you can have regular barley and and you're probably gonna graze it before even heads so i don't know if that's much of a problem now forage barley varieties are really good quality but they're also more expensive and so it'll depend on what the farmer wants to do okay if you are planting forage barley for hay or forage only forage barley with just a legume and you're gonna have a lot of that then then you want more forage barley because the animal's not gonna like the the ons of the regular barley okay so i distracted us a bit but this is our last grass so good job we got the grass and it is oats it is oats you see does not have oracles and it has a very large membranous legal legal okay so i will stop share all right now i'm gonna let marisol take over for a minute and marisol you are gonna talk to us about cool season grasses all right okay so cool season grasses um cool season grasses are a very important component on cover crops especially when we're talking about grazing right because these they grow in cool conditions so we can have them growing very early in the spring and in the fall so they're great for grazing they're great in mixture so you can put them in a mixture with some warm seasons and you'll have like if you plant the mixture in may uh the cool seasons are going to go faster and then the later in the summer the warm seasons are gonna take over so you can uh stagger them which ones growing first and then in the cool season grasses we have winter rye which is the cereal cereal rye and it's the very winter hardy it's pretty much the the only very winter hardy uh cover crop that we have i know it depends on the area like a lot of you are gonna say well the forage winter triticale is winter hardy too it probably is on the western part of the of north dakota and probably maybe montana but it's not in the east part of uh and of north dakota i plant winter triticale here in the red river valley i've never have it survive never never survives here but if you are like in center um in the center of uh north dakota it'll survive most winters so winter rye is is very important in cover crops because um since it survives the winter it it provides a green cover in the spring when we have the most erosion and also removes moisture so when winter rye before soybean especially on these wet springs is is ideal because then the the farmer will be able to plant if he's gonna plant soybean on another crop um uh it's gonna be able to plant early now winter rye even is is great there's certain things you have to watch for you know like i have it below um immobilization of nitrogen uh it doesn't work very well with corn yield you don't want to put it before another cereal like wheat or pretty kale or because you're gonna have a contamination okay you're gonna have contamination you won't be able to kill all the plants and some of the rye goes to seed you're gonna have a uh you know a problem with that allelopathies and toxins root diseases move because grass to grass move diseases so rye is a great cover crop but you have there there are things that you have to look for like if you're gonna plant corn or wheat if you have wheat you don't want it so here's where the other cool seasons are important um if you are going to have a wheat crop next year or if you are going to have probably corn you are better to have a cool season cereal that winter kills like oats or barley winter barley doesn't survive here either so we don't have winter varieties so all them barley will winter kill here uh it won't be growing it won't be green in the spring but it still will provide the cover with the biomass and you won't have the problems with uh the rye can cause some corn and and wheat too wheat doesn't do good at all when you have rye before uh usually you have to hit and yield plus the problem with contamination so these are key uh cover crops especially for grazing you want to have in the mixture a cool season grass even if it's a summer mixture you want to have one if it's a full planted crop like after your wheat you can plant one of these grasses especially if you're going to have soybean next year you might want to have rye now some people don't want to plant the grass because the volunteers of the wheat are going to be good enough and that depends of what you know uh what your objective of the cover crop is so all the barley here you know they're winter kill but they're still really good cover crops they're excellent forest quality so any mix that you're going to have with cover crops for grazing i it'll be great to have these crops they're very good quality they grow fast the seed is not very expensive and that another characteristic of all these schools is on grasses and really all the grasses is they have a symbiotic association with fungi in the soil with mycorrhizo fungi and that's why in pictures that i've shown in other presentations you'll see that the soil is attached to the roots it gets stuck and it's because these fungi produce these glue like compounds that allow that and improves the soil aggregation and that improves water infiltration so having these cereals on the mixtures of cover crops is key for a good soil health okay you can use autumn barley for hay for silage for grazing or a mixture with some legumes you need to bump up the protein very digestible fiber the highest nutritive value is at is at a soft dough stage and that's because when you the grain it starts forming then you have starch in the grain and then increases the value okay and you can use them planting in the early spring you can plant them in the fall you can use it for for fall grazing even winter grazing in some areas Marisol we did have one question um does the leopathy from rye affect broadleaf crops that's a very good question um actually uh for crops we haven't seen much of a problem at least rye does not affect soil now we do know that some broadleafs are sensitive because cereal rye we use it as suppressed weeds right and we've seen that winter rye uh suppress kosha so and kosha is a broadleaf so it does have a leopatic effect for certain broadleafs now i i haven't heard that any problem with at least the the broadleaf crops that we grow like beans dry beans sunflower sugar beet none of those at least there's not reported a leopathy toxicity but um i guess there could be some crops the broadleafs it could be sensitive since we see some wheat bean sensitivity but i don't really know maybe uh mike osley that he i don't know he's on the call on the webinar today but uh he talked a lot about uh herbicides and residues and they've done more with a leopathy i don't know abby you have another uh comment about that i don't know if abby's in in there i think she's but no abby said not that she doesn't um we did have i'm gonna just ask one more question then maybe we'll hold to that until the end for more so we can move on let me answer that one on winter rye since we're in that there's a question on winter rye you say what is better winter rye or cereal rye um i'm glad you asked that because there is a confusion right cereal rye and winter rye are the same thing okay the reason we call a cereal rye is so people do not do not confuse it with annual rye grass okay which is a completely different species and this completely different cover crop but winter rye or cereal rye are the same thing we really do not grow spring rye varieties in this area there's no real availability so we don't have spring cereal rye okay um so um some people want to put annual rye grass in the mixtures um we we really don't like you know it is a very good forage but the problem with annual rye grass it can become it can become a weed and it could survive the winter uh so we rather stick with cereal rye which in in our case and in all these the at least in North Dakota Minnesota it is winter rye okay it's a winter hardly right i'm glad you asked you asked that okay so uh Marisol you were going to give just a quick brassica versus legume uh just in case there's people that get a little confused before we go into the identification of such things yeah well we're we're gonna have brassicas and legumes you know in the pictures now of course they don't look that's it this should be a little bit easier for you now on the brassicas where we look at the cutledons inside these are seedlings so you're gonna look um these are all most of family they're all positions um they're single leaves but they have a different uh cutledons like the radish have heart shape and the rape or rape seed is is uh kidney shape and then you'll see also you can look at the jagged borders like rad radish has really uh jagged borders while mustard, carolina, turnips they have more smoother while the radish is really jagged okay and the and the legumes then the identification is through uh the leaves you know legumes we have cool seasons and warm seasons uh most of them have what we call it compound leaves or the correct word is trifoliolates but you heard trifoli is the same thing i'm just a nerd so use trifoliolate and um and that means trifoliolate means that one leaf has three leaflets okay and multifoliolates it has more than three leaflets so clovers are clovers and alfalfa sweet clover those are typical trifoliolates and um pea, fava bean, herbage, lentil, chickpeas those are multifoliolates i mean there's a lot of little leaflets in one leaf okay and many of them have what we call the tendrils you know those little structures that they kind of uh attach like in peas or herbage those tendrils is really a modified leaf leaf it's still a leaf another thing our legumes is great and that's why we really want them in and in cover crops uh mixtures it's because they fix atmospheric nitrogen and so they put nitrogen in our soil so they they're really good and they're very high in protein okay okay all right let's do some more identifications everybody uh get ready with your clickers i will turn this on okay what is this i'm gonna push us along just a little bit so don't feel bad if you didn't get to vote we're just gonna have to be real fast on the clicker so uh this is a turnip and it's a brassica yep and so um the next two pictures that i show they don't have a poll to go with them so oh i'm not even sharing the results with you guys goodness there we go okay so the next two pictures i show are not going to have a poll with the marisol so do you just want to quickly tell people i can tell what they are if you want to just maybe explain a little bit about them uh we didn't have enough polling space for all of them so we are going to go through these next two kind of quickly okay so i can say something about the turnip too oh okay back to turnip oh brother okay there we go okay um just a little thing about them so this is turnip you know the brassicas are very interesting crops for grazing cover crops for grazing this is these are crops that you don't want to use for hay uh because they contain a lot of water you know they're they're very they have a lot of water they're super digestible these these crops are great for grazing uh turnip is one of them now turnip you have to watch it if if you're going to use it just as a cover crop for soil health uh turnips they can have the problem that the both these ones don't have the both right but the root can get really big in areas where there's low density and then you can have problems for planting this year because it doesn't degrade in the in the winter so you don't have um you're not going to graze this mixture it's only for soil health and uh solar ocean protection uh we don't recommend that you put this type of of brassica okay because of those they could cause problems and get caught on the discord you're planting in the following season now for grazing it's great now all brassicas this not only for turnip all brassicas since they're very highly digestible you need to provide some type of fibers okay whether it's old hay or you know or straw if it's only brassica but the best thing is just put them in mixture put them in mixture so you have the fiber in there you know you have sorghum you have millet then the cows will be able to have a balanced fiber versus these you just have cows grazing just in brassicas you want to make sure you don't stand behind the cow because you probably can imagine what's going to happen okay and so um very nutritious high in protein very digestible but they need a support of a fiber crop right high fiber for supporting the function of the woman okay you can move it that's general about them um here is uh this is uh rape rapeseed is this is this is the leaf turnip hybrid oh you have a hybrid one yeah you have brassica and then this one that's a right right is a brassica hybrid okay so i didn't do pulls on these two because they were they're a little confusing um these these brassica hybrids you have a turnip hybrid what we call leaf turnips and they're a mixture of rapeseed and that's why i say a rapeseed right rapeseed with a turnip so uh they do have characteristics of both and that's why Mary didn't put them and so these are will be those are will be very hard to identify so i i cannot tell them apart because since they're hybrids they have characteristics of both and they look a lot like a rapeseed so um the hybrids like a leaf turnip hybrid is important because it doesn't have the root bolt so um you can plant it you you won't have that concern it produces a lot of biomass and a very high quality the same with the the other uh this there's other hybrids like windframe which is a different types of species you know the turnip leaf turnip uh is is a mixture of turnip uh one is a turnip with a mustard and the other one is a cabbage this is all erasia with a rape right so they're different species they're hybridized okay so um i like some of these hybrids because they really they these hybrids uh wear a breath and produce four forage purposes and you see them most of them um some in the states and then they produce a lot of biomass especially late in the fall they're very tolerant to frost so for fall late fall grazing and winter grazing these crops are fantastic you can have your mix in the summer and what's going to happen they won't have much production during the summer because they don't like heat but as soon as you graze or cut the rest of your mix with millets and and oats or sorghum these crops are going to start growing and then they will provide a lot of force for the fall okay i'm going to um i'm going to make us go a little faster so we don't run out of time um so let's do this one what is the idea on this one so we have a poll here if folks want to answer so i'm probably not i'm probably not going to let you talk about these marisol um we're going to finish the brassicas and then i'll let you talk some more if that's okay that way we can get to folks's questions too uh so yes this is a radish and it is still in the brassica family so good we got that one okay next up you guys can take a look at the picture here and here's your poll what is this one i'm going to give you a hint marisol was talking about it already quite certain what we have so the last one was a radish and i do not have two radishes okay so this one then is the rape that marisol was talking about marisol do you just want to talk about that one really quick yeah uh well rape or it is the same as canola okay there's some forage varieties and some winter ones but uh winter rape types don't really survive here either okay so the most common use is the dwarf sx um type and uh it it's kind of mixtures but uh if you're really interested in high quality brassicas for forage this is not the best one so when we test them all together leaf turnips and the other hybrids like windfred they have much better uh nutritive value and they produce a lot more than this one now this one and i know we really likes it um these are great for soil health because of the root structure okay and that's most of rassicas and we you're gonna let me talk more about them later so i'll tell you about the the root structure okay what is this one you guys are good there was a lot of certainty right away yep yeah i'm sure that's gonna look like sorghum so okay 30 seconds gonna come yeah okay all right and this one then is white mustard and it is still a brassica so there's a few people thinking we're sneaking some legumes in on you but not quite okay and then our last one of this series is this one i think some of these are kind of fun because we don't often maybe talk about um probably any of these three uh that i have for choices so i thought this was a fun question fun or frustrating could also be all right so this is winter camalina and it is also a brassica um since marisol did talk a little bit about brassicas already i'm going to let her finish i think she had some stuff about uh soil and rich structure yeah um yeah i was talking about digestibility and all the brassicas would be the same now i wanted before i talk about the roots mustard is more for like soil health cows don't really like mustard it's too it doesn't taste that good okay so i wouldn't put a whole monster for grazing but and i make sure it's good and the roots the roots of all these crops uh they have a deep depth root that they can pull a lot of nutrients so it helps with uh with uh scavenging nutrients that otherwise will be lost to leaching like nitrate okay you don't want uh nitrate to go into the water and so these crops are great for moving nutrients uh to the top of the soil okay the nutrients scavengers they also reduce soil compaction increasing infiltration so all the brassicas have that characteristic now there are some like the radishes specifically used for that because of the larger tap root um and then winter camalina is it's like a new cover crop and the the importance of winter camalina i i wouldn't say camalina is very good for forage no because it's toxic or anything it's because it really doesn't produce much biomass because this is a winter harvest and you can see in the picture that Mary showed is the rosette it produces a rosette and so it's very flat so it really in even if you planted in the fall and even if survives for the survives the winter it will survive the winter in the spring it doesn't produce much but it does move a lot of nutrients scavenger it's also an oil seed that you can harvest for oil um and really in this area winter camalina is pretty much the only winter hardy broadleaf that we have so it could it could have a really interesting place on cover crops before corn or before wheat since we said that we don't want to put rye in those conditions winter camalina will be a crop that will move nutrients uh water especially in the spring because it will survive now camalina has a light heat at all so you don't want to plant it earlier than september first because it it might not survive the winter you planted too early okay it's very sensitive to heat and so it's any we don't know about everything yet you know we've been studying camalina as an option before corn and wheat we don't have all the results but we think it will be interesting but as a forest quality we've done forest quality and it doesn't seem much different than the other rascals but it produces a little biomass that is your objective is produce biomass and I wouldn't put camalina okay awesome so we have our next poll here this one will be tricky you're tricky okay I'm going to share these results so it is indeed a legume so we got that and this one is forage p so this one is a forage p now I'm going to show you the next picture so I'm going to stop sharing that and show you this next one this next one does not have a poll with it so we had a forage p and now this one is um a winter p so here's the winter p and the oh oops wrong way and the forage p so these are two legumes that we use in our mixes all right what is this one okay we are pretty certain on this one this game yeah so this one is uh fava bean and it is also a legume so you guys nailed that one no questions asked I did not confuse you with the winter p lack of question so good job let me get this next one going here okay this is another one in our legume legume series I don't think I can trick you guys with the family stuff we really didn't want to put that question on there to trick you we just really wanted to put the family question on um to help you associate what belongs where remember the trifoliary leaflets are typical of what what what legumes have you know that's a legume so okay I don't think they can be tricked on the legumes so this is crimson clover and it is also a legume okay and our next one here if I click the right spot we will get it launched okay there we go so this should be 18 what is this oh they are paying attention today no one is being tricked okay we're just going to share the results so this is definitely cow pee and it is a legume so nicely done there and then I think this is the last one in one more the legume yeah series oh my I picked the wrong question bugger it's okay what did I do oh there we go awesome thank you Miranda okay what is this they all know they do all know all right we will end calling and share that so this is sun hemp and it is a legume okay now Marisol I'm gonna let you take over for a minute yeah all right um you guys did a great job and and identified and see legumes are look very different from each other um legumes are really important and what I did here more than the I have the functions in the next slide but here I want to separate the legumes we have cool seasons I want seasons uh just just like we did for the grasses the one season uh like cow pee, sandhand, soybean, mung bean, any of warm season legume do you want to uh uh plant it on a grazing mix or for cover crop for parented planting in the summer okay don't want to plant any of these ones uh after uh like a week harvest or after almost the first week of August because they won't grow and they get they'll get frozen and they won't grow much and they won't produce anything and I have very important thing with all these warm ankle season legumes is if you use any cover crop of these ones you should have an inoculant that means inoculate them uh with the the correct rice soviet that you can buy and this especially for those that we don't grow usually like cow pee like uh sandhemp if you don't put a rice soviet they're not gonna really fix nitrogen and that's what you want to and we have a faradine an interesting one and we have the crimson clover there's many other clovers but crimson clover is one of the most common clovers used as a cover crop so very important and mixtures for raising because they provided protein they fix nitrogen right with synthetic association uh they're also the scavengers a lot of people don't don't realize that that uh that uh they fix uh I think my video stopped by somebody we're having some issues with your audio so turn off your video to see if that would help oh okay yeah my this is my speaker now working can you hear me can you hear me yes yes okay so um I'm almost done so um I'll try closer so they're very good scavengers that means they move no genes from the uh the soil just like radishes and brassicas too and uh they do uh they're very good for soya health and uh even they fix nitrogen if there is nitrogen in the soil like if you fertilize them they'll they'll use the fertilizer first okay because fixing nitrogen takes a lot of energy very good for grazing uh the flowers are great for pollinators um so you want to have them in a mix now one important thing usually when you're grazing or even you're cutting after the first cut most legumes do not regrow so um they're gonna come most of them off on the first grazing okay and you sounded really good there at the end Marisol okay so we have two left uh and these two are a little specials we're gonna do two and then Marisol will end and then we will um go for questions so let me launch this one all right so what is this and no matter what family it is I think I'm going to have to have Marisol pronounce the name all right I'm going to end that and share the results so indeed it is buckwheat and Marisol how do you say its family name it's polygonaceae okay oligonaceae oligonaceae or boraginaceae but that's not the one yeah polygonaceae is the correct one uh most of you have it so um yeah buckwheat uh it's it's important in mixes you don't want just to have buckwheat for a grazing mixture all right and this is our last ID question I think this one's kind of fun to look at it just looks so whimsical all right I will end the polling you guys are pretty sure it is facelia and how do you say boraginaceae okay all right and so I'm gonna click to the next slide now you can take over before we have questions yeah I'm gonna go fast because since there's gonna be questions and I think we're running out of time um okay buckwheat and facelia uh they're not as common but they're very good in mixtures and these two plans have two things in common both of them um uh are worm seasons both of them uh increase the availability of phosphorus in the soil they have association with mycorrhiza they release phosphorus in the soil the nutrients scavengers right uh and they both attract pollinators the bees love these two plants so if you want to increase um you know food for the bees if there's if you have bees or uh these two are fantastic for that even facelia is a worm season um actually it's very tolerant to frost in the fall I've seen these plants still survive in the end of October and the few bees are left they're all in there because they really like the flowers of this plant but none of these should be planted just for forage um you want these these are components of a mixture okay all right was that I think Randa said there might be a question or two so I'm gonna have Randa take over for a second here yeah so we do have one question that was unanswered from the grasses section is why won't winter triticale and wheat grow on the eastern side of of the state okay um well the conditions that we have in the winter on the eastern part especially in the red river valley are very different so it's uh they do grow and some some winters will survive but they have a lot higher risk of dying than if you plant them in the west and it's a combination of um very heavy clay soils a combination of lack of snow but the main thing is we get um a lot of you know a lot of the winter hardiness uh it's very related to moisture okay when you have excess moisture in the fall especially these heavy clay soils the plants the winter plants cannot um cannot adapt to the cold they cannot acclimate and and get their with their hardiness you know uh working so if you have a very waterlogged fall season like last one chances are they're not going to survive okay and so the conditions of soil temperatures you know we can in some years we don't get snow cover and then we get temperatures uh below zero far and high very quickly in november december these damaged plants but it's a winter hardiness it's a combination of water in the soil ice cheating and all kinds of things not just temperature and unfortunately in the eastern part we get a lot of those combinations that kill plants a lot more often than in the western part we not only get killed uh winter we then and uh uh winter to decay but alfalfa many years size two we get winter kill of alfalfa in this area okay there's a poll open so please um answer that when you when you have a chance there and i'm going to close this one soon um a couple more questions coming in mary i don't know if you want to ask those yep i'm just needs a little bugger to come back here for a second there we go now i can find it okay um so there's a comment uh that is very similar between eastern and western Kansas western Kansas has a lot of winter weeds uh so not much on the east side a lot more clay on the eastern side which group of crops would not recommend to plant late again i'm from southern manitoba and are planning to cover crops per season so which ones marisol would you not recommend to plant late okay you don't want to plant late any warm season okay no no warm seasons for planting after the first week of august or so i mean no sorghum millets cowpeas sandhams any warm season whether it's a legume or grass it's not going to have much of a chance to grow and it's going to get frozen when it's still very very small and so it doesn't do any help with soil health or produce any forage for grazing i just launched the poll i see several of you are answering it if you have any additional comments about today's webinar please throw those in the chat box for us if you had any technical difficulty today as in other days you can always put that in the chat pod too we definitely go through and read those uh our tech guy scott is always on with us and so he goes through and and tries to read those and make sure that he can help us for the next time if you need c us for cca you can uh self report and you can do that at certified crop advisor dot org our next webinar is going to be on tuesday april 21st so next tuesday at 11am and it looks like randall launched our last poll here so just an affiliation so um our evaluator can figure out um how many we had government versus uh farmer and farmers with livestock so we kind of know um who we're targeting here and what kind of follow-up we can do for that audience uh the recordings have been being put up at this uh link here at our livestock extension grazing management cover crops page and so um they're there and then at the end randa um so after tuesday's then so probably not till wednesday or thursday once all the videos are processed and everything is is up for sure um randa is going to send an email out with the links so that you have the links to those and then any of our resources uh so that would be a place to look for that and since you registered she has your email address and so that's why we asked for that um just looking to see if there are any other questions if you guys do think of any questions um i know we raced through this we weren't sure how it was going to go so we really appreciate you sticking with us today and and uh participating in all of our polls that was kind of fun for marisol and i i learned a ton i'm the manure person uh and so i learned a ton uh getting to go through and do plant stuff um and it was fun because marisol and i got to meet a few times and and really learned from each other um and she was able to teach me some of these characteristics um that she taught you today and so we appreciate you sticking with us if you do have any follow-up questions you can email maranda or myself and we'll for sure get those to marisol and uh let you know and it's looking like this was really great thanks thanks for attending i i think it was fun i agree with you mary it was fun yeah so with that maranda i think we're good thanks everybody and like mary said the recording will be up and it usually takes about 24 hours for us to get it or scott to get it edited and up there for us i know several of you that were on today were on yesterday during our fsa programs webinar on conservation programs we have another one in that set that series scheduled for next wednesday at 11 as well and that one's going to focus on farm programs