 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Reyes Academy, displayed on the list of news articles taken for today's analysis and their page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time stamping of the discussed articles are provided in the description box and also in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let's move on to the analysis of first news article. This editorial article is with reference to the radicalization that happens in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Recently, the new chief of defense staff has mentioned that there has been a significant increase in radicalization, particularly among the young people in Kashmir. In this context, we'll discuss in brief about radicalization, then also with respect to the remarks made by the chief of defense staff and finally we'll see with respect to the editorial, which is based on the remarks made by the CDS. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this editorial article is highlighted here for your reference. When we say radicalization, it simply refers to a process where an individual is transformed from a moderate law abiding citizen into an active violent extremist. Some of their actions and their agenda will become offenses against the state and therefore they are also considered as anti-state activities. There will also be indoctrination of violent thoughts, negative thoughts with respect to defining some specific political ideology or agenda or social agenda or religious agenda. So radicalization is the process wherein someone is made to adopt or indoctrinated to adopt radical positions or extreme positions with respect to political, religious or social issues and they may or may not work against the government. There are many factors by which an individual becomes susceptible or vulnerable to radicalization. These could be, you know, extremist influences or it could be also personal events, traumatic events or national events, you know, some events that may happen at the national level or global level. Even that are known to influence an individual to adopt a radical position or the person could have been recently converted his or her religious affiliation or political affiliation and identity confusion is also a factor that may lead to vulnerability. Then conflict with family over the religious beliefs or lifestyle choices or having extreme political views. These are also factors that may contribute to vulnerability. And if a person is victim or witness to a hate crime either by race or religion or caste even they are prone to radicalization and because of pressure from peers these peers are those who are associated with extremism so friendship or closeness with peers who are associated with extremism is also a reason. Then again if a particular person is rejected by family or social group or religious congregation or also among peer then this particular person is also vulnerable. Persons who are underachieved in life when they can become vulnerable if a particular youth, if they possess literature related to extreme views and ideologies that can also lead to radicalization experience of poverty or social exclusion even these factors can influence a particular person making the person as a vulnerable person to this radicalization process. Now the problem with radicalization is that here they will adopt violent means that can be detrimental to the state and also to the people who live in the state. So it will affect India's internal security and radicalization is also considered as the first step towards extremism particularly violent extremism they adopt extreme political or social or religious ideals and aspirations and if there is an opportunity and in some cases even if there is not they will not hesitate to perpetrate violence so thereby this becomes a great threat to India's internal security and here with respect to radicalization the most vulnerable with respect to age are the younger generation and then people who face unemployment or under employment and who go through different conditions of life when they could be radicalized. However if you come to Kashmir the radicalization here is largely based on religious lines with respect to adoption of radical Islamic ideology so this is about the radicalization and the factors that leads to the vulnerability. Now let's come to the editorial recently the CDS has made a statement in a panel discussion in the fifth edition of Rezina Dialogue the panel discussion was with respect to countering terrorism. Here as a speaker the CDS has made a statement that children as young as 10 to 12 years are being radicalized in Kashmir and this radicalization process happened in schools, universities religious places and sites. Spoke about the radicalization camps this statement was considered as controversial statement or important statement because the CDS has acknowledged that India has deradicalization camps. Now coming to Rezina Dialogue Rezina Dialogue is India's flagship geopolitical and geostrategic conference that happens every year since 2016. It's an annual event or annual conference that is hosted by Ministry of External Affairs of Government of India in partnership with an independent think tank called Observer Research Foundation experts from various walks of life political, social, academic journalism and also from student community they also participate in this Rezina Dialogue and recently this dialogue happened in New Delhi from 14th to 16th January with the theme 21st century at 2020 navigating the alpha century. So the statement made by CDS was in one of the panel discussion of this Rezina Dialogue Now the editorial article states that when we compare the present situation to 1990s terrorism and violence has reduced drastically in the last 10 years and also in the last 10 years there is an increased participation in democratic processes in the Kashmir Valley and the radicalization process was also less in the last 10 years. However in the last 3-4 years there has been increase in protests and violence in the Kashmir Valley. The author states that this is because of the disaffection against the Indian government and very specifically the recent abrogation of special status of Jammu and Kashmir and also the conversion of state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories. We know that this happened in the month of August last year and because of this move many of the political leaders who are followed by the people of Jammu and Kashmir were kept under detention even till now. So when the situations are so tense and when their political leaders are in detention the author states that the radicalism will further increase in Jammu and Kashmir and it can either be in the form of separatism or it may lead to extremist Islamist ideology that may lead to anti state activities or terrorism activities. Here when we say separatism we are referring to the situation where people of Jammu and Kashmir some part of radicalized youths may demand separation of Jammu and Kashmir from India they may even ask to join with Pakistan also. So that is the level of indoctrination that is happening there. So the author here tells that with the recent state actions here when we say state actions we are referring to Indian government. So recent actions of Indian government that happened in Jammu and Kashmir. So with these happenings radicalization is likely to further increase but having said that there is definitely a need to counter radicalization at all levels. But this author this editorial mentions that deradicalization is essential but it should not happen in the way as CDS has suggested. That is it should not happen through deradicalization camps. So when we say deradicalization camps it refers to a fact that young people will be separated particularly according to the statement made by CDS children of 10 to 12 years of age. So these youths, adolescents they will be separate from their family and community from their mainstream society and they will be kept in camps. So here the consequences is that they will be further alienated from their society from their parents and it may lead to public revulsion. That is if their children are taken to deradicalization camps it may further increase the dissatisfaction of the Indian government among the aggrieved people of Jammu and Kashmir. And further these deradicalization camps if what are they are to be set up they should not be under the control of any armed forces. So author states that handling the camps by armed forces would become completely illegal. This is because deradicalization process is a mandate of agencies of civilian state not the mandate of army or security forces. If you go with the letter and spirit of the journal justice act 2015 army or security forces should not handle children particularly children who are living in a disturbed area. So what way this deradicalization should happen? The author states that it can be achieved in a best manner by effective teaching and by incorporating civic duties in the school curriculum for children and then there has to be outreach from the administration side to the citizens asking them not to yield themselves to the radical demands made by extremists or they should not fall trap to the persuasion of extremists. An editorial suggests that some repressive actions should not be carried out or continued by administration anymore. Here when we say repressive actions we are referring to limiting internet access detention of political representatives and other such short sighted or illiberal or authoritarian measures. This is because these measures would be counter productive or harmful in the long run. So what can be a possible alternative? See the administration should reach out to the aggrieved sections of people in Jammu and Kashmir to win their confidence. So a strategy has to be adopted that is winning hearts and minds strategy in both short term process and also in the long term. In addition to this we discussed various factors that lead to vulnerability of an individual to be transformed into a radical person. All these individual factors has to be specifically targeted. Measures have to be brought in to deal with such factors. One such thing is poverty social exclusion possession of literature related to extreme views and we also saw even global or national events that could add trauma to a child or a young person. Therefore this person may become a radical. Here with respect to JNK we can relate it to you know the ways and means in which the article 370 was abrogated and the ways and means in which the special status were taken Jammu and Kashmir and reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into two unit territories. All these factors could have been seen as traumatic events by these people in their lives. So all these things has to be collectively addressed by the government with the aim and purpose of winning their hearts and minds to take them into confidence and when they are going to deal with children particularly of 10 years or 12 years it should not be done by security forces or army or any other security related agencies rather it has to be carefully dealt by child friendly agencies such as you know national commission for protection of child rights, child welfare committee, persons who are involved in the work of child rights, psychologists, sociologists, pediatricians, criminologists so these are various important stakeholders they should participate in this process to deradicalize the youth and children. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article now let's move on to next article this news article states that many decisions taken during the recent 2 plus 2 dialogue between India and United States will be put into practice in this year 2020. The news article also mentions about an important network an infrastructure network called as blue dot network we will be seeing about this network in the analysis of this news article. The syllabus relevant for the analysis has been highlighted here for your reference. Before entering into the discussion with respect to this blue dot network we'll see in brief about 2 plus 2 dialogue. So if you want to say what is the highest level institutional mechanism between India and United States that brings together the perspectives of both countries on various issues it is the 2 plus 2 dialogue. Various issues here relates to foreign policy it includes defense and strategic issues as well. When we say 2 plus 2 it means 2 members from India and 2 members from United States of the 2 members one involves the ministry of external affairs other involves the ministry of defense of both the countries. In terms of India it includes minister of external affairs and the defense minister. For United States it involves the secretary of state and the secretary of defense. Now this 2 plus 2 dialogue is a platform that is to provide a positive and forward looking vision for the strategic partnership between India and United States. So far we have heard 2 such 2 plus 2 talks first 2 plus 2 dialogue was held in India in the year 2018 and the next year that is last year in December it was held in the United States. While this is the case with respect to United States we also have informal summit when it comes to China and 2019 marked the second informal summit with China as well which happened in Mahamalapuram in Chennai. Now we have coming to United States this news article states that in 2020 both India and US may establish a mechanism source to fulfill or source to implement various decisions taken during recent 2 plus 2 talks that was held in December 2019. Here when we say decisions in the context of this news article the decisions are particular with respect to defense and trade. During the recent 2 plus 2 talks both countries have agreed to promote on various friends having a practical cooperation in infrastructure development counter terrorism cyber security also regional connectivity and various other important dimensions as well. So here you focus practical cooperation in infrastructure development. Now come to the news article it mentions about a network called as blue dot network. See this is a network that is led by United States. The US have launched this blue dot network in collaboration with Japan and Australia recently at Bangkok in November 2019 this network was launched at the Indo-Pacific business forum. As we saw this was jointly launched by United States Australia and Japan. In terms of United States it is taken care by overseas private investment corporation. In terms of Australia it is department of foreign affairs and trade in case of Japan it is department of international cooperation and coming to the ambition of this blue dot network it is to promote high quality global infrastructure development and for promoting such a development it aims to bring governments private sectors and also civil societies and such a development is to be achieved through a open and inclusive framework. Now this blue dot network has some sort of ratings mechanism wherein the infrastructure projects in Indo-Pacific region and various other parts of the world will be graded and this blue dot network also aims to set standards for global infrastructure development and such a development has to be based on market driven approach open and inclusive framework and the infrastructure has to be socially and environmentally responsive and should be financially sustainable and also with transparency and accountability. According to diplomats and experts on international relations they are saying that this blue dot network is the effort of United States to counter the Belt and Road initiative of China particularly recently in the year 2019 many nations have complained about this Belt and Road initiative of China because initially many small nations considered BRI initiative as a great initiative for infrastructure development however it was found to be a debt trap initiative of China and there were a lot of issues with respect to transparency and accountability etc. Now with the launch of blue dot network many countries who have concerns with respect to BRI may shift their allegiance from BRI to blue dot network to improve the standards in global infrastructure projects and the news article mentions that the United States may also convince India to join this blue dot network and most probably India may also join this blue dot network in the future and that will play a very important role in the relations between India and United States know that India is not a member of China's Belt and Road initiative primarily because of the reason that the CPEC corridor that is China Pakistan Economic Corridor which is an arm of this Belt and Road initiative passes through Indian territory of Jammu and Kashmir particularly it passes through the territory which was handed over by Pakistan to China in 1963-64 but the handed over territory is an Indian territory so India opposes to this Belt and Road initiative. So these are some of the information with reference to the 2 plus 2 dialogue mechanism between India and United States and the blue dot network now let's move on to the analysis of next news article. This news article states that India's telecommunication satellite named as GSAT 30 was successfully launched into a geosynchronous transfer orbit yesterday and this GSAT 30 is the first mission of India for this year 2020. It was launched from Coruv launch base in French Guyana through an European heavy lift launch vehicle now this Coruv launch base in French Guyana which is in northern part of South America which is located in almost northeast in the South America is the launch base used by European space agency and French space agency. So in the context of this news article we'll see about GSAT 30 geosynchronous orbit geostationary orbit, geosynchronous transfer orbit and also few differences between GSLV Mark II of India and GSLV Mark III of India. The syllabus is relevant for the analysis of this news article is highlighted here for your reference. See this geosynchronous satellite 30 or GSAT 30 is a communication satellite of India. It aims to provide communication services from geostationary orbit in CNQ bands. The weight is around 3300 gram and the purpose is to replace INSAT 4 capital A spacecraft and this GSAT 30 is expected to give enhanced coverage than INSAT 40. This satellite is expected to provide services to the entire Indian territory including the island regions for example, Andamanikobar, Lakshavadweep etc. The GSAT 30 can also provide extended coverage to Gulf countries and number of Asian countries and also Australia. The mission life of this GSAT 30 is 15 years. So these are some of the information with reference to GSAT 30. Now let's see with respect to geosynchronous, geostationary geosynchronous transfer orbits. We usually place communication satellites at an altitude of 36000 km from the Earth's surface. We are keeping the satellites at this much altitude so as to minimize the pull of gravity of Earth. So what happens when we place satellites closer to Earth or in lower altitudes because of the pull of gravity the satellite moves more quickly thereby communication satellites they may not be able to deliver the services as required. So the lower the satellites orbit, the quicker is the movement of the satellite. The higher a satellite's orbit, the slower will be its movement. So when the satellite reaches about 36000 km from the Earth's surface it enters a sweet spot where the orbit of the satellite matches with the rotation of the Earth. This is because the satellite at this particular orbit moves at the same speed with the rotation of the Earth. So in a geosynchronous orbit this orbit which is at 36000 km above the Earth's surface is called as geosynchronous orbit where the satellite seems to be staying in a particular place over a single longitude. Though at this latitude it may drift north to south. This high Earth orbit is called as geosynchronous orbit. Now when this circular geosynchronous orbit is directly over the equator then this geosynchronous orbit is called as geostationary orbit. Here there is no movement at all for the satellites that are placed in geostationary orbit. Now being in a geostationary orbit the satellite will be always directly over the same place on the Earth's surface. So this is about geostationary orbit and because geostationary satellites are always over a single location they can be very useful for communication purposes. And also many weather satellites also tend to have high Earth orbit far from the Earth's surface. So the news is that as of now GSAT 30 satellite was launched into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. As the name implies it is a transfer orbit that is to attain geosynchronous or geostationary Earth orbit. First a spacecraft is launched into an elliptical orbit which is at an altitude of 37,000 km from the Earth's surface. From here the spacecraft will be moved to geostationary or geosynchronous orbit. The news article mentions that GSAT 30 we didn't launch using GSLV Mark II and we also did not use GSLV Mark III for the launch of GSAT 30 even though it has the payload capability. Now see GSLV Mark II is a three-stage vehicle. Now coming to the differences between GSLV Mark II and GSLV Mark III. See both are three stages vehicle. Because the payload capacity is higher with respect to GSLV Mark III it is called as three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle. Now in case of GSLV Mark II the first stage has a solid rocket motor which is supported by four liquid strap-on motors. The second stage is a liquid stage the third stage is cryogenic upper stage. Now in case of GSLV Mark III the first stage is solid stage. As GSLV Mark III uses two solid rocket boosters or strap-ons then the core stage or the second stage is a liquid stage and the third stage is cryogenic upper stage where the fuel is liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. Now with respect to payload capacity GSLV Mark II can take payloads of 2,500 kg to geosynchronous transport orbit and a payload of around 5000 kg to geosynchronous transport orbit. In case of Mark III it can take a payload of 4000 kg to geosynchronous transport orbit and 8000 kg to low earth orbits. We didn't opt for GSLV Mark II because the satellite is around 3300 kg and though we had potential to use GSLV Mark III to carry the payload of around 3300 kg we didn't use it because we reserved the GSLV Mark III launch vehicles for the purpose of unmanned trial missions with respect to Gaganyan First Human Space Flight Mission. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next article. This news article is about a petition that is filed in Supreme Court with respect to non-implementation of National E-Mobility Mission Plan 2020. In this contact we will be discussing few information with respect to this National Electric Mobility Mission Plan. The syllabus relevant for the analysis of this article is highlighted here for your reference. See this National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020. This is a national mission document which provides vision and roadmap for faster adoption of electric vehicles and also their manufacturing in India. It aims to transform the entire automotive and transportation industry in the country by the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles. So as a result this plan is designed to enhance national security and to provide affordable transportation, to provide environmental friendly transportation and also to enable Indian automotive industry to achieve global manufacturing leadership, particularly with respect to electric or hybrid vehicles. This mission document is based on the initiatives taken by the Department of Heavy Industry which comes under Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. The mission aims to promote hybrid and electric mobility in India through a combination of policies and schemes. The aim is that to achieve a vehicle population of 6 to 7 million electric or hybrid vehicles in India by the year 2020. And this has to be carried out along with certain level of indigenization of technology so as to ensure India's global leadership in some vehicle segments with respect to electric or hybrid vehicles. Now this mission has 5 important aspects. One is to provide demand side incentives to facilitate acquirement or acquisition of hybrid or electric vehicles. Then to promote research and development in technology here technology refers to battery technology, power electronics, motors, system integration, battery management system etc. And the mission also aims to promote charging infrastructure and one of the important aspects is to provide supply side incentives and also to encourage retrofitting of on-road vehicles with hybrid kit. For example the present day vehicles can be altered a little so as to ensure that the vehicles can act as a hybrid or electric vehicle. So there may not be a requirement of purchase of a complete electric or hybrid vehicle. For which this national electric mobility mission plan is a basis is the Fame India scheme. So as part of this mission plan of 2020 only the department of heavy industry formulated this faster adoption manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles in India scheme. They are 2015. So the scheme aims to promote manufacturing of electric and hybrid vehicle technology and also to ensure sustainable growth of the manufacturing of such vehicles. It has two phases. Phase 1, phase 2 phase 1 was from 2015 to 2019 and phase 2 is from 2019 to 2022. We have discussed the Fame India scheme in detail on our analysis on January 2. So these are some of the information with reference to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to the practice questions discussion session. Now we have come to the last session, the practice questions discussion session. Now this question is with reference to blue dot network. They have given two statements and they are asking which of the following statements are incorrect. First statement, BDN initiative is to bring governments, private sectors and civil societies for promoting high quality global infrastructure development. Now this statement is correct but the question asks for incorrect statements. So the first statement being a correct statement should not be in the options. So you can eliminate option A and option C. Now come to the second statement. The network was launched during the first 2 plus 2 dialogue in November 2019 at Washington DC in collaboration with Japan and Australia. See this BDN initiative is a US led initiative which was launched in collaboration with Japan and Australia in November 2019 but not during the 2 plus 2 dialogue between India and United States and in fact the recent 2 plus 2 dialogue between India and United States was held at United States in December 2019 and it is not the first 2 plus 2 dialogue between India and United States it is actually the second 2 plus 2 dialogue. However it is the first 2 plus 2 dialogue to be held on American soil because the 2 plus 2 dialogue had its debut in India in the year 2018. So this BDN network was launched in November 2019 with the collaboration from Japan and Australia at the Indo-Pacific business forum at Bangkok. So the second statement is incorrect. Question asks for incorrect statements. So the correct answer for this question is option B 2 only. Now this question is with reference to GSLV launch vehicles. They have given 2 statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct. First statement GSLV mark 3 has a payload capacity of 8000 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit and 4000 kg to lower targets of 600 km altitude. Now this statement is incorrect because the mark 3 has payload capacity of 4000 kg to GTO and 8000 kg to lower targets of 600 km altitude. So since the first statement is incorrect you can eliminate option A and option C. Now come to the second statement both GSLV mark 3 and GSLV mark 2 launch vehicles are 3 stage launch vehicles. Now this statement is correct. This is because both are 3 stage launch vehicles but GSLV mark 3 has better specifications with respect to payload capacity because mark 2 has the payload capacity of 2500 kg to GTO and 5000 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit. The third stage of both these launch vehicles are cryogenic upper stage and the center stage or the second stage of both these launch vehicles are liquid stage that is they use liquid fuel. However there is a difference with respect to the first stage because in GSLV mark 2 the first stage has a solid rocket motor supported or augmented by 4 liquid strap-on motors whereas in GSLV mark 3 the first stage uses only solid rocket boosters. There are two solid rocket boosters. So the correct answer for this question is option B 2 only. Now this question is with reference to national electric mobility mission plan. Consider the following statements regarding national electric mobility mission plan 2020. Two statements are given. They are asking which of the statements given above are correct. First statement the mission aims at faster adoption of electric vehicles that are manufacturing in the country automotive industry to achieve global manufacturing leadership. The statement is correct. So you can eliminate option B and option D. The second statement the vision is to achieve total sales of 6 to 7 million hybrid or electric vehicles by the year 2022. See hybrid and electric vehicles are also denoted as X EVs. See the mission plan is for 2020 but the statement is with respect to 75th year of Indian independence. The second statement is incorrect because the vision is to achieve total sales of 6 to 7 million hybrid or electric vehicles by the year 2020. So the correct answer here is option A 1 only. See this main question. This is for practice. Define and discuss radicalization in the context of Jammu and Kashmir. Do you think deradicalization camps as suggested by India's chief of defense staff is a solution to reduce the radical tendencies among the children and the youth of Jammu and Kashmir. Now we may write answers for this question and take a photograph or convert it to PDF and upload it into your drive and in the sharing settings you make it as share the link so that anyone with the link can view and copy the link in the comment section and we will give you appropriate feedback within some 7 to 10 working days. So with this we come to the end of today's the Hindu news analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil services exam preparation.