 Good morning all of you, I will continue on what and where I stopped as you can see from the slide that I talked a great deal of you know content creation, preparation and practice and today I will go into more details of on stage performance, so you may have to watch me more closely than yesterday what I am doing on stage like of course you can see me like with one hand on my hip and one hand inside my pocket and you may wondering what what this guy is doing all these are part of what we call as non-verbal communication it is important to have a good relaxed non-verbal communication, if you are not relaxed you cannot pay attention to non-verbal communication and that end of the day the big question is that is where most of us are generally very worried that how will you have a relaxed mindset on stage and that that is going to be my focus today, so on stage delivery tips as I said you are on stage and it is time to perform and the stage belongs only to you with that in the back drop that is that is actually an asset it is a feeling that you are on stage and you are given an opportunity to perform and this lady on stage you can see with brightly lit stage and lot of lot of this if you are very careful lot of this lights which are pointing towards her as she performs some of these lights will come on and go off and there are it is a big stage and what you would notice as you zoom into this picture is that she cannot see anyone absolutely nobody from the audience at least from this picture and to begin with when when you begin to perform on stage in the first few minutes you won not see too many people and you know that your friends are sitting in the audience and your teachers may be sitting your principal may be sitting but you won't really recognize many of them because that that's the part of natural the so called tension driven or tension tension packed time when first few minutes on stage. So let me start by saying what what one would do in first few minutes on stage the first thing for most important thing believe that a scientific presentation is not a hundred meter dash it's not a sprint race it is something which has to be delivered effectively so that people get benefit out of listening to you they came here to listen to a story and you should tell the story as best as you can. So if you walk to the stage like you know run run to the stage actually what really happens is there is this rush of adrenaline it's a hormone okay adrenaline is a hormone and adrenaline would equip any individual to deal with adverse situations to deal with emergency to deal with a given situation where it requires demands more energy to be spent that is a natural reaction of the body to be able to help you overcome the given situation the situation as you walk on the dias walk to the stage is that you need more energy than you sitting in the audience you know with with your hand like partly sleepy that doesn't require much energy but when you are on stage you require more energy to facilitate the release of more energy body has a natural reaction so if you are feeling when you walk up to the stage if you are feeling that your heartbeat is increasing nothing unusual absolutely nothing unusual because it is bound to happen and your body is getting better prepared that you can give a good talk on stage or better prepared to give a good good performance on stage and it's natural nothing unusual it's not do not combine this with the so-called tension okay tension is the word which we want to you know get rid of we want to avoid or we want to minimize to say the least so how do you do that that's small little tips which I have been practicing and I found it very effective in my life and that is a key reason why I have given the title of this talk as in you know there are secrets of learning process there is lot of secrets that you can like if I reveal my secrets how I became a speaker who can stand in any platform and speak to the audience how did I become a speaker of course the first presentation I ever made was when I was a master student and I was talking to my professors and my my own batch mates we were supposed to give a seminar and of course I did more presentations before the seminar and you know since that time I have been learning and it's a continuous process as you give more and more presentations in different platforms in different stages you are going to gain and that experience is what had helped me compile this set of slides so it is based on my experience over the years and I want to share with my fellow citizens in this country okay so first key point on stage do not rush to the stage take so slow steps walk slowly into the on on the stage with a smiling face I don't think I have smiled that big because you know over here in the local center there are in too many people I have more empty seats than people occupying seats so there is no point in smiling if at all I smile I may smile at some some empty seats so in a in a large platform when you walk up to the stage give a give a smiling face even though in the backdrop like my heartbeat in you know usually it is like 72 per minute if you are a healthy person and if you are athletic you will have 60 per minute and on stage unusually these are like 80 90 per minute you know what's going on you know I am in control of myself keep in mind that this is very natural if you don't have any increased heartbeat if you don't have like cold palm etc then like you are really great okay I have I have never been so great that I still have little bit of little bit of cold palm and increased heartbeat as I walk on the stage the smiling face is a way to greet and I don't want to show like how you know broad you should smile maybe that you can smile like you know I don't think that you whether you have you know brushed your day in the morning or not that that's not the concern okay so you should present a pleasant face and that's a way to greet and we don't have in scientific culture we don't have this way of you know the politicians coming and we will not wave at them or we will not do the do like this that's not the practice in science and technology so we can't do this even though it is culturally very good in our country and we can't do this waving hand like a politician the way to greet is to present a pleasant face okay walk up to the stage you know with a pleasant face and of course you can say good morning good afternoon and then first few minutes about 30 seconds it's very very critical very important and most speakers you know increase their heartbeat by not being able to manage first few seconds on stage so what you should do like you just check the collar Mike if you have one talk very soft okay do not like talk like you know in the history of this country that's not our style right we don't we don't talk like that it's characteristic of politicians characteristic of other domain people you know the we are not we are not designed to do that kind of speech straight away talk start softly this talking talking soft also has an advantage many times audience might have come back from a break as in the present in today's context that you all have gone out for tea and came back and people are still settling in and the speaker has come on the stage and speaker would begin softly when you speak softly the good part is that the audience would settle down very fast because they they want to hear you and this is some this is a technique which I use in when I teach large classes okay I have a special challenge here because there's all these so-called smart people who come through J is dream and they are like you know some of them have heavy head weight and all I don't care but they come into the class and they think that oh I am in top 100 J ranks and I don't want to listen to you I'm disinterested all kinds of folks are there in the class and of course you know people at the age of 16 17 naturally they are naughty right you should understand that they are not tea and I'm not bad either so what I do is that when the class begins to settle down it you know I can tell you very very frankly that if you say that I keep quiet it is not going to work it just won't work if you're a teacher you might have realized many times in in your day-to-day life that you can't you it's 16 17 year boys gun boys and girls if you tell them keep quiet no it's not going to work even police can do okay so the best way to keep them quiet to begin your conversation begin your talk be it on a on a on a stage as a teacher on or as a researcher presenting your work start speaking soft even though you have like very good boys you have commanding voice later on you can use it as you progress within within you know first couple of minutes are very crucial because I said yesterday that you have to keep keep the attention focused on you spoke focused on the speaker so these are some of the tips that will help so the the initial time I know that your heartbeat is high walk in slowly check the collar mic and then many times you will have this if I can go to the full video mode that will be nice so assume that you have this is a pointer this is a pointer which you one would use for power point presentation is a lesser pointer of course this is a pen but I'm using it as a pointer so you would come to the stage slides are all set take the take the pointer and then these are like first 30 seconds 45 seconds one minute I said very crucial time this heartbeat is still not normal if it is not normal you can't speak well ok you will think about so many other pit falls what can go wrong is the initial thought which I don't want I can only think how best I can do so if you start worrying about what can go wrong things are not going to work so you'll take the lesser pointer and you know how to operate but even then you look at it as if you have invented oh there is some fault with this actually there is no fault ok so you'll just point here point here you know while doing that what you are gaining is you are gaining control over yourself on stage ok it's very very important that you spend first 20 30 seconds on stage you know doing something you are comfortable doing and then perhaps turn to the turn to the slide and read the title of your talk art of giving a scientific presentation and of course you will say good morning good afternoon so on and so forth and say that today I am going to talk to you on art of scientific presentation slow you know art of scientific presentation and I have some very interesting results I want to share with you and by then you know what happens the heartbeat will normalize a regular normal heartbeat you are in full control of yourself and you will realize that ok you will realize that but some people some people are still tensed why they are tensed because they listen to others too many too often you know the so-called peer pressure peer pressure is very high in any domain they keep listening to other people and they are always worried about being judged always worried like you know what will they think oh I am not a great speaker I don't know this English language I have I make mistakes all kinds of thoughts friends keep in mind that on stage you are not supposed to think about those outcome on stage it's time to perform and that is the only thing that should run through your mind ok now so you have checked the pointer collar Mike read the initial title from the slide and then suppose you are still tensed what to do you can't you can't show this this kind of expression oh I am feeling cold and you know then there is this technique like tennis players would do they take a deep breath I don't know how fast this video could get transmitted but you know tennis players take deep breath to control you know they are also tensed when when it's like you know ace or tie break or game point they're all tensed you know what they do they take some time why do they do this or in a test match batsman will go up to the leg umber and come back why do they do that everybody while performing critical operations they are tensed ok so you need to be able to manage your tension on stage that that's a key ok you think that tenderlker is greatest player in the world but tenderlker has his his own technique you have to watch tenderlker in that perspective that he will in a test match typically he will go like if you yards towards the leg umber come back and then you know you have all the typical actions of tenderlker many people imitate my many of my friends imitate tenderlker and these are these are not not naturally it is purposefully done so that your heartbeat is normal you don't want to take a fast delivery from Glenn Magra without being very prepared right you don't want to take the risk so you take your time that's a key and in that is like all I'm talking about is first 30 to 45 seconds you can't stand like a statue you have to perform right so if these are all techniques to come to normal and taking a deep breath what I recommend turn to the turn to the projected projection screen ok turn to the projection screen and then take deep breath technically without you know displaying that to the audience now you can't do this you seriously you can't do this facing the audience you turn to the and then take deep breath and read the title and come back and it's going to be just fine it's going to be fine it's all about knowing these techniques on stage and how to manage so now you will soon feel that okay you have dry mouth okay tensed you know some people would have dry mouth so take a bottle always carry a bottle of water whether the conference organizers provide or your college provides doesn't matter you carry your own safe bottle in fact you know tell you the truth there were there was no water bottle kept here and I was just going on you know looking where water bottle can be found I found from somewhere in this hall I just stolen this bottle and it's not open so I can safely drink it so I want a bottle of water all the time when I'm on stage you know you can't be overconfident that you are a great speaker therefore you don't need stage perhaps those people politicians on stage they don't need water they may not need water I have not seen too many people taking water on stage but in scientific presentation it's good to have a sip of water if you feel that your your throat is getting dry if your mouth is dry then you know the problem is these days microphones are so good that if your mouth is dry the people can hear the tap tap tap tap noise of your teeth hitting each other the mouth is right this noise can be terrible okay I had a student few years back and I trained her such that from starting from PhD early days towards the finishing finishing stages she became so well that no more dry mouth she will take water as and when required so it take water as much as I take right now and keep it back these are natural standard actions no special preparations required sir is there a way to take water no there is no way to take water you should continue to speak and you take water just take a pause as you go down the you know sip of water that's all and then the the dry mouth all these things must be addressed so now what we did we have we are the speaker is on stage first 30 to 45 minutes he managed what he is supposed to manage heartbeats are normal everything nervousness has dropped down still it's nervous because you have high adrenaline level you are equipped to give a good presentation that is why it is still nervous now this is the key point do not worry about being judged when you are on stage okay do not worry if you are performing for 30 minutes only end of 30 minutes you will get a score 9 out of 10 oh great victorious or only end of 30 minutes you would know that you got only 5 out of 10 how does it matter so if you start worrying about I am going to get 5 out of 10 from the first minute you are going to make a mess of it so it's very very important that you should you should stop worrying about how you are going to be judged when you are on stage friends remember that when you are on stage stage belongs to you and only you and it's time to perform it's only performance that matter and you have done a good job in making the content the preparation was very well you did more presentation you practiced you have day dreamed about how to present and what sequence slides are coming and you have done everything that is possible before you came to the stage and how can you afford to mess up on stage isn't it a very valid thought that if you have done you have you have worked hard to make this presentation happen then how can you mess up on stage you should know how to deliver it so on stage delivery components and do your job as best as possible and you have an opportunity you must begin to learn how to perform on stage and they said it's a long and steady process don't think that you know by listening to my lecture tomorrow you are going to be you know practicing everything as per what I said you I said that you should have the attitude to capture this and put it in practice the attitude is more important if you get a single message from my talk that okay this is something which I will implement I think I am successful as a speaker speaking to you now first one minute is over you did all that I recommended and then what about next few minutes usually it is the time of introduction or outline that you are on in full control and then you start looking at the audience and I said that when the lady came on stage she couldn't see anybody she couldn't she couldn't see anybody because the lights are pointing towards her and lights are pointing towards her and it's like very difficult to see and as you spend more time your your retina will get adjusted and you will begin to see faces one minute elapsed and you begin to see faces from the audience and you know you you may in the early part of it you may think that okay some people are very attentive early part of it I'll talk about how attentive they are after few minutes some people are very very attentive looking at you and that that's that you have to be looking at the audience okay and if you see darkness because of tension or on stage fear that kind of feelings keep in mind that every speaker would first see only darkness and slowly the faces will emerge from the darkness and if you are seeing only darkness don't worry it is natural it is natural and more more time you spend like first minute second minute you will begin to see the faces very clearly even if you know lights are off it's so unique that you can still see faces not as clearly as when lights are on but you can begin to see faces which is very important that you as a speaker is supposed to talk to the audience and those who are listening to me from yesterday onwards and I was looking at every section I know these four people sitting here yesterday they were placed the right place and I know this this block of people I also knew this block of people I was scanning different sections of the audience in almost every two minutes my attention came to different blocks of the auditorium it's important to look at them because you are speaking to them you are not speaking to the slide you're not speaking to the screen that is a negative body language if you turn and if you show your butt it's not good okay so turn to the turning to this if for illustration you can do that but even even while you illustrate you use the pointer to tell which area of the text that you are focusing and keep looking at them so you you don't have you don't have a good body language the so-called non-verbal communication if you turn 180 degree and do like Arathi like a thing no use this is completely negative body language do not show your butt to the audience if you on the other hand if you want to tell some illustrative points clarify a few things on your graph or a figure you have this poster like you're still facing them but you're turning to illustrate something and then still you're talking to them okay this is very important talk to them many students early on when they come on the stage and they they're so so prepared all text every line is known to them you know what they do they come to the stage and then they start looking at the sky roof and start speaking this is a very bad poster okay and because they they don't know either number one that they should be looking at the audience or number two they are tense to look at people so they look at the look at the skies and stars and keep in mind that none of those stars are going to help you for those half an hour they're not going to help even the gods will you know gods will stay there and tell you that hey you perform why are you looking at me you know what all the philosophical or all the religious texts would tell is that you are supposed to perform your duties and you're on stage to perform your duties and that's not the time to pray a Bhagawan Kripa Day Kripa Curry all these things it's not required you aren't supposed to perform so do not look at the skies and stars and the roof and the lights you're supposed to look at the audience it's a very powerful message which I keep telling students that you are supposed to scan different sections of the audience okay that's important okay talk to the audience very important slides are meant for the audience okay because the content you already know what the content is audience do not know so let them look at the slide okay and audience will look at the slide and you cannot read from the slide because you are supposed to know what is there in the slide right it doesn't make sense for you to read once again from the slide let the audience read and slides are only reinforcement tools to convey what you want to convey I told yesterday that it's only an aid you are supposed to speak assume that the power supply had gone what will you do you will sweat because there is no fan and AC no you're not supposed to sweat you are supposed to speak that means without slide you are supposed to speak can you imagine a situation how terrifying it would be without slide I'm supposed to speak so you also be prepared that without slide you can you have to speak and therefore slides are meant for the audience they will look at it as you speak it's an illustration it's an aid not you can't do it you can't develop a dependency on slide if you are too dependent on slide that means you don't know the content you don't know the topic okay that's important now if you do not do this I talked about concentration curve yesterday so first few minutes that will be the case one one person is sleeping and loud you know noisy snoring sleep and others are still attentive but if you do not follow the recommendations which I was giving in like you still talk to talk to the slide or you to talk to the roof and gods then what would happen after a few minutes this will be the case most people are sleeping and that is the time when they begin to make story on you I told yesterday you know do you want to tell a story or you want to give an opportunity for people to make a story about you so the second case everybody knows that that teacher who is teaching is known for promoting sleepers okay in the class so people will be happy to go there after a heavy meal and they they all will be dosing down like this okay and we see that very often in IIT as well and what I do I get very very impatient if I see sleeping beauty is in my class male or female beauty includes both okay so I do not permit that and typically the class is about you know 260 270 people and it's very hard to monitor that many number of people and and worry about whether somebody is sleeping or not but I will tell you my policies in class are so much so that my students would write in the evaluation form that in first class I can't sleep and somebody who once you know swipe the attendance card we have a attendance slide the swiping card system so they will have to do the fingerprint and swipe the card and one day when I was standing at the door somebody was running out of class when it was about to begin so the class starts at 11 o'clock and this guy is running out of class I asked like I followed them why are you running then you know I found out the next day that sir I was very sleepy that day and you won't anyway let me sleep in the class so I went to hostel to sleep so people are like very very open in admitting that you know this sir will not allow us to sleep in the class because it's a distraction for me as a teacher but if you in a scientific talk if you don't practice how to do a good talk how to give a presentation most of the people will go to sleep and you know you you would feel bit disheartened to see that okay I'll switch back to this so these are the better clear pictures and this is what is going to be happening if you don't take care of these and you know keep them captive listening to you and I said that this the concept of coffee break you know in between modulations demodulations those are all important now on stage next few minutes so we have gone through 30 seconds 45 seconds first one minute you have started speaking about introduction and then a typical situation that we found we find in academic setup is that you're giving a talk where your supervisor is in the front front row looking at you and you always fear that in front of your advisor you tend to be tend to make more mistakes and that's a fear that you have but you know on stage that's not the time to worry about how your advisor is going to judge you and how he's going to like it or dislike it do not worry about that and perhaps if your advisor is a tough guy don't even look at him that's a technique if advisor is a person who will shout at you for every small mistakes then don't look at him that's going to unsettle your confidence don't look at him so he's sitting there I'm not going to look at him I will scan all other sections of the audience except him because I don't want to see him getting angry middle of the talk and then spoil rest of the talk you don't want to take such risk do not look at the advisor instead and there are many friendly advisors like me and my students will always look at me so even you scan different sections of the audience you would begin to develop some kind of preference you know sometimes some very beautiful ladies will be sitting at one end and then the scanning cannot be selective that is also important you can't keep looking at only one half of the class one half the auditorium you must be looking at other halves because if you do this that scanning talking to your friends only your friends then other other people would think what is he doing and the questions will more come from that side so keep in mind that you have to scan and you know make sure that you are you are talking to everyone not to one person your friend in the second row and I will speak only to him so that should not be that the reason for all these you know why do you talk to them why do you look at their face and talk to them what is important is that if you talk to if you talk to me I will forget this is some kind of Chinese proverb I heard but I don't know the source of it I should admit that you talk to me I will forget you show me I will understand so when I say show me it implies showing video showing picture showing figure you know showing something graphical for as a aid because slides have those aids to illustrate your points okay but the last thing is if you involve me I will understand I will remember so you can make it a memorable experience you can make people understand what you are speaking and you will also be able to make them remember what you said for long time provided you involve them how do you involve them first by looking at them if you look at the slide now nobody is going to involve they're going to sleep guaranteed after 10 minutes all will be sleeping so you talk do not talk to the slides instead talk to them involve different sections of the audience and you interact with them when you speak you should speak as if I'm talking to you I'm talking to you I'm talking to you that makes a difference and that is the meaning of involve me because when a speaker is looking at you you can't say that no I'm not interested I'm sleeping no it rarely happens that is where you have to train yourself to speak to different faces different sections of the audience it's important so that they will understand they will remember what you are speaking try to move around now I've been moving around to take water to move to move around and that also gives you a way of relaxing and it gives a sense of control over the state you know if you are so static like a statue you know somebody yesterday during question like I got a lot of emails with some questions I will take a couple of them today on stage should be move around or you should stay static my opinion is that you must move around even though you have you have this problem of controlling the computer keyboard or mouse you return to that place when as and when required but that should not dictate and decide that you must stay static in front of computer that's not correct so you have to be moving around take a few steps and use your arms you know I have a frozen shoulder I can't really use my right arm but use your arms to describe okay if you have seen you know preachers who preach Christianity and they use their arms so effectively you know Lord like when they say Lord it really like Lord and Lord will come down you know that that kind of passion to move your arms move walk around okay it's important to have a good norm non-verbal communication this I'm indirectly answering a question which I received what about on stage actions so on and so forth but in general if you don't have anything to show using your hand you can always keep if you know men can keep their hands in pocket it's a decent posture decent posture and you know and do not keep your hands like this you know you're not a Kite you okay you're not you're not caught for some offense this is a bad posture this is a posture good for on stage in a school but you are liberated from school right you are no longer in school you're giving a talk in in school what they do they will come and you know give a prayer like this and a speech like this or stay like this and give a talk but that's not what is expected of a grown-up adult on stage talking about a story and talking about his own research finding or talking about literature so we can't have this static posture of this kind military standard T's or or this kind like in a school these are not good posters have have your hands moving around you know that that that's important do not stand like a statue