 Welcome to civil speedia the current of S digital library powered by Shankar IAS Academy. As part of today's discussion we will be looking at ease of doing Agri business index, Nila Vembu Kudineer, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act of 2005. And as part of main discussion we look at the article from the Hindu newspaper titled wrong on the Rohingya. First let us discuss the ease of doing Agri business index. This ease of doing Agri business index is at present is to be launched in this year by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare. As of now the ministry has sent a concept note to various states and union territories in India to obtain various suggestions or comments related to this index. This index will be launched on various grounds so that so as to create a spirit of competitiveness among the states so as to promote or push for reforms in agriculture sector so as to push for reforms in agriculture sector so that it will add for the benefits of farmers particularly in income augmentation of farmers. And we could see in the concept note that there is a stark disparity between various states in India in particular relevance to per capita income of farmers. State wise per capita income of farmers from of agriculture sector is low comparing to industry and service and also there is wide disparity between states. And this index is also to be considered to be launched so as to consider farming not just as you know with the target of production oriented activity but also as a business oriented activity where a farmer will be considered as an entrepreneur. And here there will be this farming or this agriculture sector will be will help the farmer to realize more income through remunerative prices and through cutting down or providing subsidy to so as to reduce the input costs or the cultivation costs and providing remunerative prices for the producers that the farmer has produced. And looking into the parameters of the index it is the index will be based on a score of 100, 0 means no reform, 100 means complete reform and various parameters are marketing reforms here they have considered very how many states are you know the states that have adopted to the various modifications based on model, agriculture, produce and livelihood and livestock marketing act of 2017 the model act how many states have implemented those reforms in the state, state acts will be given marks for this marketing reforms and for reducing cost of inputs they have considered this organic farming and about you know reforms related to micro irrigation and these things have been considered in reducing cost of inputs and for governance and land reforms particularly land leasing and also the contract farming have been considered under this and in risk mitigation they have clearly talked about crop insurance and also about the livestock insurance schemes how many states have started reforms in these insurance programs and for increasing production or productivity here how many states are enforcing the seed act are providing quality seeds to the farmers and for investment in and for agriculture it is based on providing investments in agriculture through MNRE GA scheme and also providing investment in rural road infrastructure these are all some of the various sub parameters of this main parameters of this index if launched it will you know help to realize all these objectives and to resolve these issues with this we come to the end of this discussion about this agree ease of doing agree business index next we look into before going to next topic we will discuss this agricultural marketing and farm friendly reform index this index was launched for the first time in the year 2016 by Nithya Yog all right it was based on three parameters one agricultural market reforms it was based on agricultural market agricultural produce and market committee act model agriculture produce and market committee act of 2017 and land lease land lease reforms and also reforms related to forestry on private landing that means giving the farmers farmers the freedom to fell and transit the trees which were made to fell from their land so as to diversify the farm revenue all right with this we come to the end of this indices next we will discuss about this nila wembu kudineer all right kudineer means drinking water and nila wembu is a medicinal plant with a scientific name and photograph is paniculata all right and although the name consists of this nila wembu kudineer it is not just the herbal extract from this nila wembu or this andrograph is paniculata medicinal plant alone rather it is a combination of nine medicinal plants extracts from ingredients from nine medicinal plants are taken one among them is this nila wembu therefore it is a poly herbal formulation widely used in siddha medicine all right so siddha formulation to combat various fevers particularly dengue and chicken gunia all right and recently it was in news in the hindu newspaper wherein a team of researchers led by a researcher from this international center for genetic engineering and biotechnology located in new delhi have found various findings related to this nila wembu kudineer let us look up look about this organization this icgeb is an inter governmental organization consisting of 64 member countries india is also a member country and it initially started in the year it was launched in the year 1983 however due to lack of funds in the year 1987 it became a special program under this united nation industrial development organization in the year 1987 and at that time it was funded by the government of italy and government of india the government of italy had the in italy we can see the headquarters of this inter international center for genetic engineering and biotechnology and in the year 1994 it became an autonomous organization later in the year 2007 it had one another host country the south africa particularly in the in the town of called us cape town right the headquarters is in italy it has three host countries italy india and south africa all three are member countries along with 61 other countries all right and the research has found that this nila wembu kudineer is having antiviral property with related to in relation to dengu and in relation to chicken gunia it does not have antiviral property rather it has immunomodulatory responses from the host cell that means it it could not kill the virus chicken gunia rather it can create immune immune immune it can strengthen the immune system of the individual against chicken gunia that's what we mean by immunomodulatory right rather it can kill dengu virus this nila wembu kudineer according to the research carried out by researchers of this international center for genetic engineering and biotechnology and we know that both this dengu and chicken gunia are caused by this aides egypti and according to world health world health organization we could find aiders egypti and aiders albopictus both these mosquitoes are responsible carriers of chicken gunia right with this we come to the end of this discussion next we'll talk about this mahatma gandhi national rural employment guarantee act or the scheme we will look into particularly the entitlements in this discussion it's a scheme coming under department of rural development coming at a ministry of rural development and let us and it has an exception wherein you know the the the area where population are totally urban then the scheme would not be there and that is the only exception and the entitlements first every the scheme is was enacted to provide or to enhance livelihood security of rural households where the adults in those households are willing to volunteer for unskilled manual work and those volunteers those adult volunteers will be having the right to get a job card in this job card they will be writing various works that have been done by the particular individual and also the also about the wages various benefits given to the person and every individual also has the right to demand and receive work within 15 days they can demand for right or through application to various program officers of this scheme and they they have to receive the work within 15 days from the application for the job under the scheme if that is if the job is not given within 15 days since the date of application then everyone will be entitled to daily basis on daily basis unemployment allowance has to be given right that is also right and right to plan and prepare a shelf of projects this right was given to gram shaba the gram panchayat will be responsible for implementing these projects based on the priorities set or recommended by gram shaba or what shaba next one is the right to obtain work within the radius of five kilometer every volunteer every adult volunteer belonging to the rural household has to be given a work within the distance of five kilometer from his or her place of residence if not if it goes beyond that then the person has to be given travel allowance but necessarily the person has to be given work within the block all right next right to worksite facilities it means providing creature facilities shade for children creature facilities for children less than five years of age drinking water medical aid and first aid these come under okay worksite facilities and central government will notify the wage rate and these volunteers these adult volunteers of rural household has the right to receive wages within 15 days from the completion of the work mostly their their wages will be paid daily wages will be paid on a weekly basis right and finally they have the right to time-bound redress of grievances this time is 15 days and right to conduct concurrent social audits and social audits of all Mahatma Gandhi narega expenditure this right to conduct social audit was for gram shaba all right these are the various entitlements under this scheme next we'll discuss thus we come to the end of this narega program next we'll discuss this article from the Hindu newspaper titled wrong on the Rohiniya the Rohiniya's were enduring or have been facing persecution from the country of Myanmar according to United Nations reports and according to British Broadcasting Corporation and various other international agencies and in the year 2012 around several Rohiniya refugees who came to India last year in the month of October seven refugees were deported to the state of Myanmar again by the Indian government and therefore there were a lot of issues a lot of criticisms and a lot of even support for India came but this article talks that what the the way that India deported to Myanmar constitutes an unlawful position internationally and also nationally because of the provision suggested by the author and also it falls in the moral respect first the author highlighted this united nation convention related to the status of refugees 1951 and the 1967 protocol we should know that India is not a signatory to this convention and this convention talks about this principle of non-refoulement in article 33 subsection one this principle of refoulement the word refoulement means returning a person or a refugee back to the state where he or she faced persecution or trouble non-refoulement means not sending the person back to the place where he or she faced persecution rather providing safeguards or you know various amenities for the safe livelihood within the country where they sought asylum or refugee status and this is about this is the principle of non-refoulement and the author was saying although India is not a signatory to this convention of 1951 under section 15 of this advisory opinion on the extraterritorial application of the non-refoulement obligations under this convention passed by the UNHCR United Nation High Commission for Refugees in the year 2007 every country although not a signatory is responsible for adhering to this non-refoulement obligations all right therefore the author is saying that although India is not a signatory India should not have sent the Rohinias back to the country where they have faced persecution and the author also says under article 14 of universal declaration of human rights every person who whoever faces persecution in his own country or whoever is stateless could seek asylum in another country for their safe livelihood and right to life and this can be extended to a person only for non-political crimes for example this cannot be extended for cannot be extended for non-political crimes for example like if the person is accused of say if in an economic offense or sexual offense or murder the person cannot seek asylum in another country rather if it is a political offense or if the person is persecuted in foreign country for other reasons other than non-political reasons the person could seek asylum under article 14 of UDHR the author says India should have considered this article at least because under article 51 of Indian constitution the India says that India should endeavor to promote international peace and security and particularly in section article 51 subsection C where it says that India should respect or foster respect to the international law and also to various treaty and the author says various provisions have been violated by the Indian government related to this issue and article 14 and 21 of Indian constitution account is available not only for the citizens of the country but also for any human being who comes into Indian territory and therefore the author says right to life and right to equality should have been granted to them at least and this have been reinstated by the judgment from supreme court in the case law of national human rights commission versus state law of state of Arunachal Pradesh in the year 1996 these are the various articles and sections used by the author to substantiate his claim that India has fallen on these grounds particularly to the deportation of Rohiniya refugees and the author is saying that this foreigners act of 1946 has provisions of deportation but has very stringent provisions because central government can issue order so that these refugees who come to seek asylum from the border could be immediately deported without any form of assistance given to them and one another contention of the author and it was mostly criticized from all circles is that even the present government tried to bring in an amendment in the city for the citizenship act through citizenship amendment bill of 2016 in 2016 and that bill was not passed and again in the present year it has brought this citizenship amendment bill of 2019 which was recently passed in Lokshaba where it grants citizenship or it says those people belonging to minority communities from the governments of Afghanistan you know Pakistan and Bangladesh belonging to Hindus Sikhs Buddhists Christians Parsis and Jains are not illegal migrants except Muslims any Muslim coming from this country will be treated as an illegal immigrant but not these religions not the person from these religions therefore the author says this violates right to equality and also the secularism therefore it violates the basic structure of the constitution and finally the author quotes the saying of Ronald Dawkin the American philosopher that international law is a part of greater morality therefore author says the action carried out by India in the month of October 2018 falls also short of moral responsibility although the author takes this view over this issue of deportation of Rohini issue this experts several experts support this and also stand against these provisions because government of India is not a signatory to 1951 convention because it is not to the sovereignty and to the interest of India the refugee convention was rather India demanded various provisions to the to be included so that it could become a signatory which was not at all considered by the by the countries international forums and this humanitarian assistance could be given by any country not just India just because our neighborhood is in turmoil it's not a responsibility that the neighborhood country should take the responsibility we have advanced nations we have united nation it could it could direct any international advanced nation to take up the issue and to support the refugee crisis even for example based on common but differentiated responsibilities moreover these countries have you know colonized various nations in the world and have accumulated wealth from these countries and India stands at the verge of population explosion next to China and these are all various provisions and we should consider India should move into the move internationally that to bring in some amendment to the provisions of the convention of 1951 so that a group of nations could bring a coalition or an alliance so as to support particularly the refugees whenever an ethnic ethnic cleansing or they face prosecution in their home country or whenever they were made stateless with this we come to the end of today's discussion on civil speedia we request you to like our video comment our video and also to subscribe to our Shankaray's academy youtube channel for more updates and content on civil services preparation