 तो लिजनें आप अप्ताते ख़रांगे लेए. तोना यहाद लिजनें यहादटां और देखागमरी सब लरूँन ़ईक एक लेग स्झानगे स्थादीग. को लिजनें लेए यहादटां एक यहादटां आपसंटीग कर ळहाते कै तकिळ रहांगे लिए रहते है. ना मैंगाती पिल्ट्रेत दीक काछ नियां ना के लिए को वल्क्पने चानएक बू़ने बू़ने मेंगाती तेखाछ लुई सोटिको मेंगाती. आद आप लिए एक लूम बेल्गे तेद पाशाटोकगे, अब अब इसके बाद ये जो बलग है यो फिल्ट्रेट है, that is now moves into the proximal convoluted debute, and this is the region where the re-absorption occurs. अब re-absorption से मतलवी है के फिल्ट्रेचन के बाद जो फिल्ट्रेट आगया अब इस मिस दे useful substances they are to be absorbed. यो के पूडी तिब्यूल को या नेफ्रून को सराूंग करता है, अब इस बलड की अंदर वो जो at re-absorption होगी, re-absorption होगी. और अब ये के नेफ्रून के जो सेलस है, वो किब अडल सेलस है, यो किब अडल सेलस है. यो बलू मेरूलस या बोबन्स के अप्सूल की अंदर जो सेलस ते वो फ्लेटिन सेलस ते अब ये जो सेलस आगे now they are tubulars, they are columnar cells भी हो सकते है, यो किब अडल सेलस भी हो सकते है, यो किब अडल सेल जो है, that is you may call it as the master chemist. उसे पता है कान से मौलिकूल is to be absorbed खूनसे मौलिकूल क्हो it is not to be absorbed. वो आप्सं से ये हिस्चा ये हिस्चा लेफ्रं का that is a very important part. दो रीएबजोप्सिन लेया प्रूसिन टे को किब खूल of this on that removes the nephron that removes water and solutes from the tubular filtrate उइ दो हुगी शाव्डें करोडिये इ किल्टरेदा है वॉथिर्चना से सिथेदो की ग़धीगेगा, शाव्डेगेगा जल्च ग़ापिल्रिश्टाएவ कुछाए लेईगा जाप्यमाच तुपदिये करते अगा, पहली तुबौलर वॉपछिगा जोंगे वूअववदे� इसतार टृार लिएंगा कोर मैअवकना है आपासकाक करे जी लिएंनी अपशागासे कोई तो आपास लिएंना कि अपचियासी आपाशाँ दूच्थ वित्रमिच, भी होजकते हैं, मेन्रोल्ब होजकते हैं, तो दो सब अपचियासी जब पहगते हैं, वे नागदर नहीं मर after first first is isotonic solution, that is within the nephron or tubular filtrate and outside blood. This is re-absorption. In the beginning it is passive transport. But passive transport will be there till the time it is not isotonic. After that active transport starts and it is there till the time it is not a molecule in the tubular filtrate. This is re-absorption process. This is a very important process. Because if the re-absorption process is not there, then the more useful substances they will be removed through urine. And whatever we have consumed for energy will disappear. So this was all about the re-absorption. The next step is tubular secretion. This tubular secretion is along with all tubules. This is not a specific area for this. This is the reverse of re-absorption. So it is the opposite process of re-absorption. Tubular secretion is the transfer of materials from the tubular capillaries to the renal, that is tubular lumen. So this is the reverse of it. And if there are any useful substances in the filtrate, then this also goes back into the blood. And this is what is called a tubular secretion. Usually only a few substances are secreted and are typically waste products. And these are not absorbed at all. They will move forward as waste products. After passing through the loop of the lumen. And then the distal convoluted tubular. So tubular secretion occurs throughout the different parts of the nephron. That is from the proximal convoluted tubule to the collecting tubule. This tubular secretion is throughout. So this is not a specific region for tubular secretion. It is along throughout the tubule. Now this secretion is caused by mainly by active transport. But this tubular secretion is caused by active transport. And what happens in active transport? There is a movement that is from lower to high concentration. So that any useful substance stays inside the tubular filtrate. And also in the beginning there is a passive transport. And later on there is the active transport. Now urine is the substance left over in the collecting tubule. Following reabsorption and secretion. The main function of the loop of Henle is to reabsorb water. And so it is provided from the filter. This part of the loop of Henle is very important. Because every part of the nephron is important. We cannot get along without any part of it. Now the chief function of the distal convoluted tubule. Is the regulation. Now this is the function of the distal convoluted tubule. The last portion of the nephron is the collecting duct. Where the final water reabsorption takes place. So that the urine that contains an ion concentration above that of the blood. So this is the last portion of the nephron. Which is the collecting tubule. Now in this it is the finalization. You can say. So that the absorption of everything is also there. And in this the leftover substance is surplus water. That is nitrogenous waste. That is metabolites. That is toxic substances. Which are inside the urine. Than they are expelled out. Now in this diagram. Whatever we have discussed. It is a summary. It is a beautiful diagram. And in this the whole process. One can understand. That is twice. This is the Boban's capsule. And then this tubular tube. In which the tubular filter is coming. So here this is the efferent arterial. Here this is the glomerulus. After that this is the efferent arterial. Efferent arterial is dividing and dividing. To form the pallid tubular capillaries. So these are very close to this tubule. In fact they are in contact with it. They are in contact with it. And after that it becomes the pheringal bean. And in this these four processes. Which we say filtration, reabsorption, secretion. And after that this is excretion. That is just the removal of it. Now in this number one the filtration. This is the place. This is the site where the filtration is going on. And in this the blood pressure. This filtration process is very quick. And this is the filtrate. After that this filtrate as it moves. That is along the nephron. In the guelth this is the pallid tubular capillaries. From here this is the reabsorption process. And in this any useful substances. They will be absorbed back into the blood. And after that there is secretion. In secretion it is that in this. If there is toxic substances. They will also come here. And this is the urine formation. This is the first and second step. And after that when all these substances. And they are absorbed back into the blood. Leaving behind the useless or toxic substances. That moves after passing through. That is the collecting tubule. And then the pyramids. And after that all the pyramids. And from the muqlif tubules. Then they move back into the. That is moves into the ureter. And then after that bladder. And then they expelled out. So this is the complete functioning. Of the nephron. So this is all about.