 Yeah, Russia, this is an interesting story. So, you know, Russia, really for 20 years now, you know, once the internet was launched and Russia became one of the most sophisticated players in the world at cyber espionage. You know, the other, of course, very sophisticated players, China. And it's likely the United States is better than both of them. But of course, we in the United States learn about, you know, Chinese and Russian hanks hacks into the US system. We don't really advertise, and I don't think these regimes advertise, when the US hacks into their systems. But anyway, Russia has been a very sophisticated player in cyber espionage and has been operating a variety of different cyber espionage programs against the United States for at least 20, for the last 20 years. Really, with the birth of the internet. Well, this week, the United States basically shut down a massive Russian cyber espionage operation. It's an operation that's been running. This particular operation has been running for 20 years, targeted at stealing sensitive government materials from the United States, but not just the United States. This is an operation that has been focused on Western countries, generally, European allies and others. The Justice Department and FBI shut it down. Basically, the Russians, now I don't understand too much about this, I'm just reading off of news stories, but they were using a malware that entered into the US systems and into European systems and basically fed a lot of information through a variety of different American servers, not to look suspicious, ultimately, to Russian servers in Russia. Well, the US, I think, knew about this, has known about this for years and for a long time was using it to feed the Russians bad information and to feed them false information without the Russians really knowing it. So this is like a double spy that it seems to be working for the Russians, but it's actually working for the Americans. This is how this malware ultimately functioned. Ultimately this week, they remotely completely disabled the malware, completely disabled the entire operation. It's hard to tell why they did it now, maybe because the Russians had figured out that this was being used against them and it was actually not providing them with useful information but providing them with information the United States wanted them to have. But they basically disentangled this and shut down the malware. This is also, this was directly linked to the Russian government that it's been spying on the United States and my guess is the NSA basically neutralized this cyber espionage tool that the Russian had. But again, the US has known about this for years now and I'm sure has been using this against the Russians during this period of time. So I found that an interesting story. I'm reading a book right now about a lot of the cyber espionage both on the part of the Chinese and on the part of the Russians so I'll be talking more about that in the weeks and months to come. Thank you for listening or watching the Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening, you get value from watching, show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbrookshow.com slash support by going to Patreon, subscribe star, locals and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those, any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.