 The development of science and technology of advanced materials using nanoscale units can be conducted by a novel concept involving combination of nanotechnology methodology with various research disciplines, especially supramolecular chemistry. This novel concept is called nanoarchitectonics, which involves self-assembly processes being crucial in many cases involving a wide range of component materials. These examples demonstrate the strikingly wide range of possibilities and future potential of self-assembly processes and their important contribution to materials nanoarchitectonics. This article was offered by Kotsuhiko Ariga, Michihiro Nishikawa, Taiso Mori, and others.