 Show title. That's okay. I've been called worse. Make him the co-host. Oh, that's good. Howard is the host guest, and I'm the guest host. That makes complete sense. Do you have a nice weekend? Yeah. Why don't you take some of those pens out of your pocket, because they reflect the light. Oh, here I can bury this one. Oh, in fact, I can put it on the... Don't you? So, we should take a moment and discuss Kelvin's temperature. Yeah. And what it means. We just had a perfect illustration. Yeah. Oh, that's something. Completely perfect. At the three o'clock block on a given Monday, and guess what? I'm the guest host, and Howard Wig is the host guest. Welcome to your show, Howard. It's great pleasure. Thanks for having me. And you are going to talk today about LED's elegant workhorses. And I guess your title, your tag title, tag line is LED's can do anything efficiently, but you know also I just want to say that we have seen some great technological advances on LED's. That's why they're better now than they ever were. You sound like you know about Moore's Law. Light emitting diode. Light emitting diode. What could that mean in English? That could mean that instead of having your standard light bulb, the incandescent just had filaments in it, tungsten filaments and you poured so much electricity in there it created a lot of heat and the light you were seeing was not much different from a fireplace light. You're just seeing filaments glowing with heat. In fact, the Latin word for white heat is incandescer. That's deceptive in our time though, because today we're talking about LED's not incandescera. Incandescer. So, okay, so what I get about this is, and we use them here, in fact you and I had an in-depth discussion of LED's in our studio a little ago. We're looking beautiful because of LED's right now. Yeah. Well, life is made better by LED's. The human psyche is like the ending on light and it goes way back to... Well, it works on other animals like light too. Okay, well, in the daytime you feel this way, in the storm you feel that way. If it got dark right now outside, you'd feel a certain way. It would depend on good lighting with LED's more than incandescera. Incandescer. Yes. Okay, so what we have is with LED's today, and I wanted to distinguish them from LED's in the past, LED's today you can dim and increase the brightness of it and you can dim and increase the Kelvin temperature of it. Can you tell our viewers what all that is about? Sure. Brightness is fairly obvious. If you walk into the Hawaiian sunshine at noon and it's pretty cloudless, you are in a very, very bright light. We measure brightness in foot candles. You're getting about 10,000 foot candles on your face and in your eyes. However, today is totally, totally overcast, federally cloudy. The light is filtered through those clouds. You're down quote-unquote to about 3,000 foot candles, which is still plenty. And we recently had a full moon. You go out under a full moon with no cloud cover and you're getting maybe 40 or 0 foot candles, which because of certain properties that we will discuss, you can still read a newspaper under. Interesting. And all of this, I mean, for a video and photography is totally relevant. We try to express a certain image in a certain way. Have it communicating certain messages to the viewer. You speak with certainty, sir. You know, it's the same thing when you walk into a room and the lighting is likewise communicating certain messages to you. It's making you feel a certain way. I am certain of that, yes. So when you walked into an old fashioned LED, that room you said, ehh, glary. Ehh, I don't like this light too bright. And what you meant was that there was too much blue in the light. The more we have RBG, which is not Ruth or Ginsburg, it's red, blue, green. Those are the three primary colors that our human eye sees with. And all other colors are just a mix of RBG. And in the old fashioned, LEDs were way over on the blue end of the spectrum, which we perceive as white light, very glary. Outside light. High temperature blue is outside, right? No, because the sunlight this is something different now. In degrees Kelvin is about 6500. And the LEDs you had in this studio previously were about 6500, the old ones. So it was, you can do anything, you can mix and match anything you want now. But in the early pioneering days of LEDs you had too much blue, which number one looked glary, and number two washed out our flesh tones. Regardless of what color skin we have, there's a lot of red in there and it would wash out the red and our skin would look pretty gosh darn gray. Let's look at each other Howard. Okay, so is your skin tone washed out in any way? What is the LED doing to your skin tone right now? Right now it's pretty good. If we took it, these are 3200 degrees Kelvin. If we went down to 2700 which is the old incandescent light degrees, I would look more glowing with health. But on the other hand, dude here very strict regime, health regime, you just look glowing anyway yourself. But somehow I can get washed out here. Okay, we had enough of that then. So let's talk about Kelvin for a minute. What is Kelvin? I remember they had a thing called a Kelvinator. Was it a refrigerator back when? No, that was the Kelvinator. That was named after my great-great-great-grandfather John Kelvin. You invented a very extended family. So degrees Kelvin was come up by Lord Kelvin in 1845 in London and he observed London or England was really getting into its full tilt industrial revolution now and they worked with steel a lot and he noted that a steel bar that say came out of a campfire would glow pretty red, but if you went into an industrial facility and heated it up even more the red would go to orange, then to yellow, then to light green, then to dark green and all the way to blue. A red hot iron bar was not red, that's low temperatures, but blue. And he devised a measuring scheme and they named the measuring scheme after him, hence degrees Kelvin and the redder something is the lower the degrees Kelvin because actually in physical temperature the lower it is. Again you put a steel bar into a campfire and it'll be red put it in an industrial facility it'll turn everything all the way up to blue. So something red on the Kelvin scale or that has more red in it it's not necessarily hotter, it's actually cooler. And something at the top of the Kelvin scale which would be blue, white blue I thought that white blue emulates outside natural light outside and red and oranges lower Kelvin temperature represents inside warmer, deeper colors. Now you're getting into something else which is the fact that when you get into colors the reds have longer wavelengths the blues have shorter wavelengths and incidentally if you go beyond the blue to shorter and shorter wavelengths you get to ultraviolet which has not done my skin a whole lot of favors and if ultraviolet comes through a window and hits your furniture or your rug it fades those tiny, tiny little bits of radiation are actually doing harm getting into my skin get a little bit shorter in wavelength and you have x-rays which are not so good for our health and you go shortest and you get gamma rays. So the technology as it exists today you can adjust all that. Adjust it down to a fine, fine tune, yeah. Mix and match with the RBG with the LEDs. That's one of their great, great, great virtues. So is it that today given the lighting equipment that I can buy that I can change the Kelvin temperature in a room as well as the light brightness in the room and I can create a tone in the room a feeling in the room and then I can change it at will anytime. Absolutely. Nightclubs have done this to a great extent and high end restaurants. If people come in at five in the afternoon you want a certain degrees Kelvin and a certain level of illumination and then say later at night you want to go down on those things you want to get warmer you want to get more romantic. Generally the lower the degrees Kelvin the better we look and that low light level lends itself to romanticism. On the other hand if you want people to be really bright and really alert then you put a lot of blue into your light. Which raises Kelvin. Yeah. It segues into school rooms what they're doing now with LEDs in classrooms is teenager circadian rhythm is not suited to sitting at your desk at eight in the morning. Teenagers automatically stay up till one, two in the morning it's just they're shifting circadian rhythm and we can go well we won't go into the probable reasons for that but they're staring foggy brain at their pieces of paper eight in the morning. Therefore you tune the classroom lighting to a lot of blue it alerts them. You better work then. Yeah. No, their productivity goes up their alertness goes up everything goes up and if you have hyperactive kindergarteners they're running all over the place you tune, you dial down down down till the light is emanating a soft warm glow and the kids come down. Slow them down. Yeah. Making more romantic too. Yeah. Yeah. We can change a person's mood this way. Oh heavens to Betsy yes. In retirement homes they're doing this a lot because people are inside almost all the time and they lose track of time so you emulate the diurnal schedule with the warm early morning sun and then you shift it to blue and then when you want them to relax you start getting redder and redder light. You know we have the ability to do that electronically too. Oh it's all programmable. Yeah and Rob McLean is you know one of them on the Vmix the switching machine now and I wonder if he could demonstrate to us going into this break we're about to take a break how we really get warm and romantic can you do that Rob? Make it happen to me. Very good. Now we'll take a break. Yeah. Yeah. Oh my god we haven't gotten started yet though but we'll get there. You're going to get it too, Howard. Yeah. Yeah. We'll look even better. See what we can do here in Think Tech. Yeah. Yeah. Aloha I'm Stan Osterman a host here on Think Tech Hawaii a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness here on the island. We are a Hawaiian non-profit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep on going. We'd be grateful if you go to ThinkTechHawaii.com and make a donation to support the community of Hawaii. Yeah. I'm Stan Osterman a host here here at Think Tech Hawaii a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness in Hawaii. We are a Hawaii non-profit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep on going. We'd be grateful if you go to ThinkTechHawaii.com and make a donation to support us now. Thank you so much. Okay, Code Green with me Jay Fidel and Howard Wigg. He's the guest host, host guest. Whatever he is. Okay, we got some pictures to show what we were discussing about rooms and how you can make a room feel so good and that means all rooms. So LEDs are really nice. Let's see what some of them look like. Howard, why don't you describe them? Okay. And a little background. These slides are from John Okuma who is the president of Pioneer Electric out in Kalihi. He was supposed to be my guest. He notified me this morning. I've got a terrible, terrible flu. I can barely function. I don't want to spread the germs around. So I am sitting in the room. And he sent me a whole, he's an electric company and they do the design and installation of different lighting projects. So and each, what we're going to illustrate is there's different requirements for every lighting lit environment. Here obviously is a board room. What you want is a soft, dignified, civilized air about the primary task area is of course the table. So you want that well illuminated and note that around the board room it's not as well illuminated. And then on the far wall there there's the sub-task. You might have papers there in preparation for the meeting that people are to pick up. So you want that well illuminated and then of course you want dimming capability, which LEDs may be dimmed down and have a power point or a video on the screen. This also raises a third variable factor, which is sharp light, you know, focused light or diffused light. Seems to me that photograph, that board room shows a certain amount of diffusion. Makes it more comfortable for you. It's not as hard on the eye. The light levels are pretty gosh darn low, except right on the table because of everybody sitting around reading things and they're at the table. That's where you want kind of a sharp light, but the rest of the room can be a diffused softer light. So how about the next picture? We've got some really wonderful pictures here. This is a very exotic space, namely a warehouse. What you want here is quite the opposite. You're going to be bringing forklifts in here and you want a really sharp light. So these are very, very high degree Kelvin lights. It's okay that they're glaring because safety first here. I've been in areas where there's forklifts zooming around and you want to see I want the forklift guy to see me very, very clearly and he wants to see his goods very, very clearly. And it's tricky because you also want the shelving to be well illuminated. You want to head of him see what's going on on the bottom shelf in addition to the top shelf. And that takes very, very specialized. You don't want shadows in those areas. No, because then he's going to say what in the heck is that down there? And that's going to take up extra time. What about the sharp versus diffusion? Do you want it all sharp here? All sharp, yeah. So these are very, very high efficacy lamps. You're getting because you don't care about us human beings appearance. You care about visual acuity. So you can dial up the blue in the light. The more blue is in the light, the higher the luminous efficacy. That's a good phrase for you. Meaning the lights give off a lot of miles per gallon. So that's it would be harder to get around with the forklift and all that in a space like this. If you lowered the brightness increased the diffusion. And if you, of course, if you lowered the temperature, it would be romantic, but not efficient. Yes, you're getting it. You're getting it very good. Maybe even a little dangerous section. A little dangerous. I don't want to argue with a forklift. That'll be on the final exam. Okay, what about our next picture? Okay, here's another exotic application. This has to do with outdoor light. And number one, you want to be taking advantage of what's called the spill light. You see the bay area where the trucks pull in and out. You want a lot of light there because you want the truck driver and whoever else is working there see exactly what they're doing. And this is another high degrees Kelvin application, by the way. And then you want as much of the light that's in there to spill out to the exterior because this looks pretty placid right now, but imagine there's trucks going in and out, in and out all the time. At night you want them to be able to see one another really, really clearly. At two trucks colliding that's some wasted money there. Yeah, and what about the shadow on this side of the truck? That's not optimal. Ideally you would have some other lights behind the truck just to the right of the truck that would brighten up that shadow. We're going to hire you as a lighting consultant pretty quickly here because what I would have done differently, two things with these outdoor fixtures that you see is number one, I would have raised them way up to what's called high bay applications and the higher the light and the stronger coming down the more uniform is the light and you don't create shadows like that. Number two objection to these outdoor lights is that some of the light is going up. You do not want to go up. We have an astronomy a bunch of astronomy facilities on Mauna Kea. They do not like up light. Why not? Because it bounces down again? It diffuses upwards and there's something called the Raleigh scattering effect which we can go into at some other time. So you'd have a reflector over the light and reflect it down. And you can build that into the LED luminaires, the housing for the LEDs. You can get it all down. We're putting new street lights up for both the city and the state and one of the specifications is all cutoff. No up light, no side light, all down light and that certainly increases the efficacy also because you have no use for light going up there. You want it all down. Before we leave this photo, why don't we go back to it for just a moment. You know, it strikes me from this photo that those lights really bring up the general illumination of the area. Almost like this scene is happening at sunset or even just after sunset maybe. This makes it look like the daytime. Well, here's another lighting design application, uniformity. Ideally you want the amount of light that's hitting your task, in this case your task is actually the pavement, you want it to be exactly uniform. 15 foot candles here 15 foot candles over there and it's almost impossible to design artificial lighting like that but the better uniformity you have the greater and the more it looks like sunlight and the safer it is our eyes don't have to adjust up and down, up and down to dim light, bright light, dim light, bright light. So that's a very acute observation. Strikes me this though in the 21st century here in 2019 I would have a little panel inside that building about, you know what a foot by a foot maybe and I would have, maybe just on a computer screen and I would be able to set that light in a way that achieves a certain result and I wouldn't be talking necessarily about Kelvin or about brightness it would say you know, make me make me comfortable for trucks coming and going or something like that and push a button and now everything is adjusted automatically. Is this happening? Those are called controls and the easiest, simplest control is something we're familiar with namely motion sensors. In this case say at 7 in the evening you might have trucks coming and going like med so you want a high level of illumination. Say at 9 things are slowing way, way, way, way down. By 10 this area is off therefore you can have maybe a couple little emergency lights here and there and everything is dark until motion is detected what is somebody doing there after 10 at night when they shouldn't be there? The security is alerted and you can see it on the cameras. Hey, why is that light coming on? It's an alarm system. Or if the police are coming by and they know that it should be dark after 10 why is that up there? That's great. This is happening. Controls are better better and cheaper than they were now. And save money because if you're not using as much light at a time when it's quiet in the lot you're actually saving money on electricity. The most efficient setting for a light is off. This is definitely going to be on the final exam. What I hear you say though is that if we didn't mention it, LED's like in our studio here, there's no temperature at all. I mean no physical temperature. Not quite true. There's a teeny little bit of temperature. They're not hot. They're almost cool. And so it's not uncomfortable in any way. And I ask you what are the implications for your air conditioning load? Minimal. Minimal. You can crank down your air conditioning. That's another advantage to LED's. I'm using less electricity and I'm using less air conditioning. Precisely. This is very valuable. And you're comfortable and you look good. Yeah, that too. You too. Now if I was using Ancandessia, what was it? Incandesser. Incandessera. It would be way warmer. If we had this much illumination we would be sweating. And the air conditioning would be cranked to the max and still not doing the job. We'd still feel that radiant heat. Okay, pick a last video. A last photo. We need another slide please. Aesthetics. Also this is obviously a residence. And this lighting has two purposes. One, if you are entertaining at night. This is obviously a very good area for people congregating. You can have your barbecue, your cooler and everything. Be very nicely illuminated. Number two, well you want safety also. People are wandering around on these paths. You don't want them stumbling over anything. And number three, security. Again I go back to motion sensors. If at night everything totally off until there's a motion of something and the disadvantage here is that it could be a dog or a cat. I have cats at my house. We have motion sensors and light goes on. Oh yeah, there's Walter the cat out there. Well you have to make the sensor work on mass, right? You can do that with alarm systems. You could say only volumes greater than X and pick out a kid. It has to be bigger than a kid. So Walter could walk all around and not trigger anything. I really hate to say this because I've enjoyed the show a lot Howard, but we're out of time. Before I offer you the opportunity to leave a host message or maybe a guest host message with them I just want to say that this discussion has been more than anything it has been enlightening. How about illuminating? That too. What would you like to leave with the people? If we could dial up the last slide with the Pioneer Electric. Yeah, there we go. Thanks to John Okuma who couldn't make it of Pioneer Electric and he did, we haven't seen all the slides, but whatever he does whatever application it is he did a really good job in terms of safety efficiency and matching the lighting to that particular task. As you can tell it's a really fine art. Yes it is and it's great to have these possibilities available for us they change the quality of our life. Thank you much Howard. Great to have you here on your show. Great to be on my show. Yes, illuminating indeed. Aloha.