 Test test test Okay Could we interrupt his lecture and make him put on the mic because that's not being streamed Yeah, that's fine. Do you want me to do it or do you want to? Okay, let's do both So he needs to repeat the questions of the audience because nobody can hear it as well Sorry, I put it here Yeah, it's not okay, I still have to keep on shouting Precision farming which is a very important Very important use you can use sensors. You can use not only of course images Or but you can use many sensors many kind of different sensors in order to in order to have a really good Outcome imprecision imprecision farming and then of course fantasy your limit you can use for Try and find the poachers in as they do as they do in Africa or You can use drones for checking damages in place as they do it in as easy jet is doing And then then you can do many many things Last January so last month Qualcomm started Presentation with autonomous drones with interact with a with an environment and they are able to move In any environment even in in a closed-end environment without GPS of course using machine learning and artificial intelligence So you can have different. I mean fantasy is your limit technically you can do almost almost everything and Drones are very useful for dirty dull and dangerous operations Where no human can be involved and they can do it without without any problem, but there are some drone risks I won't go very very long into them, but of course peeping drones This is just one example drones are a fantastic tool for invading people's privacy We have to keep in mind and we will we think about later and then there is another risk I won't show you the video, but you can search it online This is a fantastic video of a couple who decided to have his best moments filmed on drones And the drone just crashes into the bride into into the groom So you can have a look at it that is just just a risk, but what about Drones and and false why should why should we have to talk about it? We should have to talk about it because free and open-source software is really become it is the core of Drones we have the drone the drone code the the open source UFO platform Which is the drone code project is an open source and collaborative project, which is which has been found in 2000 2014 and it has many members Now it has one less member we will talk about in in a while But it is still a very very important and backed by by the linux foundation and the autopilot to the peaks for Pro it's another it's an independent open hardware and open soft and See an open source software is a license on a bsd license But one one library as far as I as I remember but there are there are already some problems with every Community has these as its thorns and also the drone code community has this problem and a couple of months ago there has been a Problem and are do pilot. I guess many of you know about are do pilot decided to leave drone code on Decided decided to leave to leave drone code because Of a change of policy or so so they say with regard to licensing are do pilot is a gpl v3 project and wanted to say like that while on the other hand it Seems that the general or so they say so it is to be Understood by by what the press statement say that The other project wanted to focus on a more Different on a different license or more person permissive change of microphone. Yes Okay Wait I'm not sure I would just check on the camera So Yeah And I wanted to keep the B3 license while the rest of the wrong code Allegedly decided to Keep different license is more permissive license and I have just one one comment if you read the bylaws of This Is the main point what about that protection? We have another talk about data protection Regulation so I just put I just put the main problem and I will leave it to the other speaker to deal Can you use this one too because I'm sorry third Mike. Yeah For the moment it's gonna be like that. Sorry. Okay. Do we have any more mics? Come on Come on I want to be recorded talking about data protection. I want to be recorded just in full Okay, what about data protection if you want to have a good idea about data protection drones start with the opinion 125 Of the article 29 working party. This was before the data protection regulation But it is still very interesting documented It is strange enough a short one that makes you understand the the whole problem But let's deal with the u regulation just a couple a couple of remarks the u regulation will enter is Already has already been published, but it will enter into force Next year he may so just if you are doing a business plan on drones You have to you have to take into consideration Of course and what are the main points one point is very important when it when it comes to drones It's transparency. You have to make the persons aware that you're using a drone Nearby you have to make aware of that and you you can you you have to be make people aware also In a machine readable way So you have to think how to implement it and then you have to use icons This is one of the icons I found to to know to let people know that you're maybe filming with a drone around Maybe this would be of course. This won't be the icon that will be implemented for telling people that the drone is flying nearby but let's become a little more serious and and consider some key concept of the U regulation which are very important for developing every kind of aspect with regard to drones Data protection by design and data protection by default You have to implement the data protection policies from start when you start writing code for drones You have to think about it. You have to think about data protection by design You have to embed I will put I am In the next slide you have to embed the data protection principle in the code Because it cannot be an afterthought You cannot you cannot like write codes free and open source code For the use of drones even if it's an autopilot without having privacy in mind It you cannot patch it later You have to think it when you start developing because you have to abide to data protection by design and data protection by default By default this means that the system have to minimize the data they gather It may seem strange because drones do normally the opposite. They are a fantastic platform for gathering data Which is all perfectly fine unless they if there are no personal data But if there are personal data you have to comply with the principle It has been said before we love compliance. We may we have to be We have to be compliant with privacy And then of course it is the privacy impact assessment. You are of course it may be the data The data control It's on the right the one on the right Sorry, I spent too much time with you We have, as I told you before When we think about coding with the regatta For the whole of any kind of software which may interact in the drone In the drone environment it's absolutely paramount because as I said you cannot do it You cannot do it What about aviation safety regulations? Many many come You have their own regulation But looking at the future And as it comes again the near future 2019 2020 We have the prototype commission regulation on aircraft operation It will be all the same all over the european union or what's left of the european union We don't know but anyways it will be a binding rule all over the u so Effectively creating a common market for drones. So it's very important and it's Kind of different we especially with with regard to the rules which are already in place In italy we've been the first among the first one to regulate To regulate drones maybe in the wrong way, but we were among among the first one What I won't go With the rules, but I won't just to state some points because they may be of interest Of course for people who will develop The software which allows to run those drones One of the most important category is the Open category zero which is almost completely free small drones which are deemed to be Of negligible risk They have some limits. I won't go into all the limits. You can read it But they are they don't need with pilot license. They don't need pilot registration They have of course some limits. They are they have to be marked as toys They they have to be compliant with Regulate with a regulation to know the directive sorry 48 2009 and they have to bear the ce mark But apart from that, they are substantially free They a the open category one has As a different as a bit is a bigger injuries level But still these injury level means they are they don't make any risk of severe personal injuries to people or to With regard to collision with planes And in this case still there is no pilot license It is kind of different as it is now So many you can fly many drones without pilot license Provided the operators are are registered The two bigger categories have another have another Requirement which is very interesting and of course it has to be implemented via via software They have geofencing and electronic identification. So if you have to implement geofencing It's very simple, but of course it has to be effective And so you have to think about it from from the start for the two main Open category two and open category open category three of Of drones. So the new regulation will Hopefully open up the markets, but there are several limits There are no autonomous drones or it doesn't seem there are autonomous drones The limit of heights and distance laws means visual line of sight To now you can fly your drones Regardless of where you are, but the regulation will still have the limit of the visual line of sight So there they may be there may be some problems Uh, what about Building your own drone subcategory zero, which is the first one very small one Very small swans can be privately built, but they have to comply the circle to comply with the regulation and In every other category They they perform the operation can be performed with the uas. So with a drone That's what is simply which is placed in the market that is not has not been modified in a way that breaches compliance with the product requirements. So This is of course, we as we said Twice we like compliance, but you have to bear in mind this That of course it's not a problem If there's no problem of writing an open source Free and open source system Which is for instance an autopilot for drones We have a keynote of using free and open source software on On air traffic control, which has Of course even a bigger degree of security issues. So i'm positive we can write good and So certifiable code also for For drones one key point and i don't know if they're going to change Is that the regulation should apply to model aircraft as well? Not only to commercial drones, but also to model aircraft So even if we are developing something which we is going to be applied for model aircraft We have to take into consideration these future regulation still the very the very next future In In conclusion, we really need to fully apply data protection rules and also security rules to drone And that's the reason why With the university of caliari and some other universities We are thinking to apply it to the cosme program, which is Which is a program which has the aim to raise awareness For civil drones operators and privacy on data protection obligations. This is very important if you want to try and And participate to the to the standard with us just drop me a note And i think that it is very important to raise awareness and we can also raise awareness On how much free and open source software can contribute in the transparency of the process of using drones and also in the In raising the security of Of using drones. So this could be a good opportunity and The deadline I think is the first days of april So we have still time to to organize if we don't if we don't abide then Okay, we can have some For some not nice outcome I don't know if you have seen this video of a chimp who wants to defend his privacy Against against the drone, but even even human Have to defend themselves or on the other hand we may it may happen like that A widespread ban in many areas because There is no compliance with privacy and security rules and these Is not of course the outcome we're we're searching for so we have really to evaluate our freedom We can implement for sure these rules with free and open source software and we have to do it So thank you very much for for your patience. Thank you very much for hearing We with different microphones and i'm open to questions If I have time, I don't know Okay, good Questions Yes What are the penalties if you don't follow the requirements that you mentioned from the EU? Okay There are in the EU regulations It is just stated that the penalties Have to be adequate proportionate and decisive It will be to the member states to decide which are the penalties I can tell you about italy, but it's a widespread problem because normally when you use a few fly commercial drone Rules for airplanes apply Penalties tend to be awfully hefty for instance under italian law If you fly a drone without insurance Or even without holding without a pilot and operator holding the certificate for not holding the certificate You may risk a fine of 30 000 euros For not having your drone insured 100 000 euros Which is negligible if you're if you are you are an aircraft carrier If you're a drone a commercial drone pilot. Well, it's not negligible. So it it will depend Yes So one of your slides said that Drones can't be modified, but Make sure that it has not changed the compliance the regulation or It was yeah slide right So The idea is that after each modification it has to be recertified Uh Well, if you uh, if you go through the uh, if you go through the regulation It says that that The producer the producer has to Has to assess that also in case of software updates It will still be still will still be compliant Of course changing in the way we think when we think about free software is way different But it's a problem that uh that arises in every kind of environment where you have to use certify the products as I said There will be a talk on So if if they can use it for air traffic control, I'm positive They can use it also for drones or you can you of course, it's a problem of Making people understand that of course you can have your freedom and of course if it's if it's If it's for instance release under gpl v3 You you you cannot stop it from modifying it But uh, you can you have to Maybe by by assigning the first code You have to just make persons understand that you sell the product and if you change it You are allowed to change it, but you may lose the certification Thank you. Uh, it's there an legal agreement between uh, EU countries and non-EU countries For example, EU countries and switzerland. Is there any kind of agreement? Uh No, but I I talked to about drones in switzerland this september swiss rules are quite similar to To the to the EU ones. They are not much difference And this regulation has some similarities also with other regulations like the faa regulation in the states But there is no international agreement That's all the time we have for questions. Thank you very much Okay, thank you