 Merci tout le monde pour l'attention. C'est mon plaisir d'être avec vous aujourd'hui, et j'aimerais commencer cette workshop avec une remarque personnelle. Le français est supposé être le langage officiel de l'UPU. L'anglais est le langage du travail. Donc pour votre plaisir, je vais changer de français. Je ne dis pas de soucis. Je pense que vous n'aurez pas besoin. Je ne dis pas de soucis. Je ne pense pas que vous soyez en besoin. D'accord. D'accord. Comme je l'ai dit, merci beaucoup pour être avec nous ce matin. Nous voulions organiser ce session comme un format workshop. Et pour le faire. Je vais revenir au sujet de l'entreprise. Elle s'est acheté dans le territoire global passant et présent. Et avec nous aujourd'hui, nous avons trois speakers éminents. On nous aide remotely. D'autres qui sont ici dans la chambre. C'est le cas de Yoram, merci. Mais ils sont experts dans la façon dont nous pouvons ensemble considérer les topics d'entreprise des secteurs fossiles. Mais non plus. Je vais changer de Yves Drolet de l'académie québécoise de Tchitchi-Latélique. Et ma question pour vous, Yves, c'est si vous pouvez nous entendre. Yves, pouvez-vous nous entendre? C'est le keyword d'aujourd'hui. Ou le modèle d'aujourd'hui. Nous ne pouvons pas vous entendre. Vous pouvez essayer de parler. S'il vous plaît. Nous n'avons rien. Ça va être compliqué. Peut-être... Maya, pouvez-vous nous entendre? Oui, mais pas très fort. Ok, c'est un bon début. Parce que nous pouvons vous entendre. Ok, bon. Si vous ne vous souvenez pas, Yves, avec mes dupes apologies, juste pendant que nous essayons de fixer le problème technique avec le son, peut-être que nous changeons l'intervention et nous commençons avec Maya. Maya, si vous êtes d'accord, on commence ensemble. C'est pas le problème. Mais aussi si vous agreez. En anglais ou en français? J'ai fait ma présentation en anglais, donc je dois transmettre. Je vous entend très mal. On peut mettre plus fort. Donc, Maya, je me tourne vers vous. So, Maria, I'll turn towards you. You have worked for our organization. You have a master's wealth of experience in the world of stamps and philatelics. Maya, can you tell us a little more about how important it is to keep their identity through postage stamps and tell us a little more about what they do so as to avoid contradicting systems when it comes to issuing postage stamps. So you have about 15 minutes no more if you agree. Ok. So what I'll do is that I'll share my screen with you. Le son est bas, donc je vous invite à utiliser. The sound is very low. So I invite all participants to put on their headsets even if they're listening to the floor. Je suis en train de partager. Ok, I'm trying to share my screen with you. Est-ce que vous voyez? There you go. Can you see it? Yes, we can see it perfectly well. Go ahead, Maria. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for having me participate together with you at this most notable UPU historians colloquium under the title of achieving a single poster territory a global promise past and present. That's probably to go back. I want to quickly ahead. Ok, well the issue at hand with honouring the 150 years of the UPU is the importance of safeguarding the added value of the postage stamp. It has a long history almost 200 years ago but we have seen over the past probably more than 30 years how the postage stamp has been under attack on various areas and so we have we are acquired to what we can to safeguard it for the future safeguard its added value. They just very brief some very brief background aspects here that we have seen the postage stamp since 1840 like we said almost 200 years ago as an integral part of the continued history of the UPU it has played and continues to play a crucial role as a facilitator of communications and developing the postal services within the world's most extensive distribution network it has been and continues to connect the lives and economies of tens of millions of citizens of multiple professions and ages around the world and around a multi-billion dollar postage stamp industry indicates its importance. Right. So, two. Further stress the need to safeguard added value this postage stamp is not just a short-lived simple piece of gum paper that people are considering it is also an investment a rare collector's item the most expensive stamp on record is the British Guyana one cent magenta from 1874 see like that was sold in 2014 for 9.48 million dollars and of course there are many other stamps that have been sold for several million dollars as well so notably as the most visible miniature roving ambassador that is how the postage stamp has been considered promoting this 192 UPU members to the farthest corners of the earth highlighting their culture ambulance identity building sovereignty tourism all aspects of national identity UNESCO for example has over 1000 heritage sites many of which are on postage stamps your examples of how postage stamps are highlighted and how they add value to the history of the country collections like this one from the Smithsonian Smithsonian national postal museum in the United States whereas stamps are built into exhibitions beautiful exhibitions that highlight history and open the eyes and doors open the windows and doors of people to the rest of the world another kind of exhibition for example like this one in the Singapore philatelic museum that is seeking to reignite like what we are saying the good old days of writing drawing decorating a metal piece to family relatives or friends and the issue of letter writing is also an aspect of revitalizing the use of the postage stamp and as we know the UPU organizes a yearly letter writing competition so it is done in probably cooperation with schools, education authorities and it is also a UNESCO project part of safeguarding the added value is recognizing the philatelic stakeholders it is vital to recognize and pay tribute to the key role that the postage stamp continues to play at the heart of an extensive stamp industry and network active in every UPU member numerous added value business, cultural economic, historical, postal social tourist among other activities revolve around the postage stamp museums, philatelists, philatelic libraries postal historians and writers postal services themselves stamp auction houses stamp artists, collectors and designers stamp exhibitions and trade fairs, stamp security printers so many people and so many businesses activities around the world revolve around the postage stamp their combined turnover amounting to billions of dollars the people actually are saying today that postage stamps are becoming obsolete because of their diminution use on physical postal mail against the increased use of the collectronic communications and the growing popularity of digital and electronic stamps since the creation of the UPU in 1874 the growing popularity of stamp collecting and related philatelic activities led to formal organized structures the AEGP for the philatelic press ASCAP for philatelic publications and stamp catalogs FIP for philatelists and stamp collectors EVE stamp agents and sellers and Intograph covering postage stamp security printers with the post they founded in 1997 the world association for the development of philatelic known as WADP a post sector group that functions under the umbrella of the UPU through the POC postal operations council the overall aim is to ensure lasting and dynamic development of philatelic promoting best practices good governance and the protection of intellectual property among other considerations cooperation and memorandum cooperation and memorandum of understanding have been or are under way with more partners such as educational authorities, UNESCO public for letter writing Interpol for stamp security and revenue protection museums, stamp auction houses sports organizations VISA and IOC in the International Olympic Committee the tourism sector the United Nations itself and other UN specialized agencies so if postage stamps are indeed becoming obsolete we would not be witnessing continuous stamp industry abuses that have already been generating considerable revenues for the private sector for more than 30 years probably even more revenues from the sale of illegal products in our case illegal stamps are viewed as a source of money laundering damaging the integrity of the authentic postage stamp sovereignty of the country's concern illegal stamps sold are commonly dispatched using the express and registered products of the postal services this is an area that the posts need to look at look into to make matters worse with the finance post postage post post written also yes like this reproduced on illegal stamps because self consolation dies an example will be below organizations are also affected through identity theft misappropriation and pirating of the copyright and intellectual property of their brand names and logos such as for Europa the Olympics and the UPU itself as we will see below there are thousands of illegal stamps produced to see local private issues you name it on favorite topics such as cartoons cinema famous persons found flora space sports transport etc whatever can be collected is also reproduced on postage stamp on illegal postage stamps the worst illegal stamps that we call are reproduced unfortunately denigrating and immoral scenes war personalities and violence all in the names of and to the detriment of mostly developing countries their identity and sovereignty and of course damage to the environment when you consider the thousands of pieces of illegal stamps produced for example it is particularly important to note that maybe illegal stamps denounced since 1997 when the first UPU circular started to come out over 25 years ago they continue to be sold and at high prices there have been numerous new productions every year since in November 2023 2023 one site listed 4994 sets of illegal stamps covering the years 2023 back to 2016 and even earlier on the same site on the 30th of January 2024 a couple days ago advertised 6199 items in between many items were sold so there are probably much more than 61990 items another site lists 5227 similar sets of illegal stamps still another site lists similar sets for topics for topics, it was difficult they do not have an overall figure total figure we had to go and see for topics but there was one topic for example for sports 500 or 538 sets for sports the highest price being an album for 350 euros there were 403 sets for war including 2 albums each at 316 euros another set was of 25 sheets for 73 euros you can see the high prices of the sales of the illegal stamps that go into the pockets of private sector the legal stamp situation is extremely serious for 2023 alone over 40 UPO member countries have been affected probably more but we have not been able to identify all of them also because many illegal stamps are not listed with the country name they are listed under topics a great deal of research has to go into identifying the countries involved an internet site referred to earlier still has 697 sets listed at 30 january 2024 for the year 2023 several of the most expensive ones are below and it is important to see how these are described for example stamps Martin Luther reform on 2023 year 6 sheets perforated go for 1990 $99 a name of the country on the stamps is republic de guine 2023 it's a set of 6 sheetlets of 8 stamps each that means 48 illegal stamps in this set stamps Franklin Roosevelt presentation for republic de guine also a set of 6 sheetlets of 8 stamps each going for $97.99 another set for Cabo Verde of 6 sheetlets of each stamps each going for $97.20 another set in the name of Cameroon republic de Cameroon set of 6 sheetlets of 8 stamps and then you also have for example stamps of perhistoric fauna mamas it is indicated in the name of the Solomon Islands but on the sheetlets itself it indicates out only a principale 2023 several examples of such illegal stamps as follow that you have to see to realize how damaging the situation is against the post stamps they are actually only the tip of the ice group of what is sold on the international market on various internet sites here we have a mixture of illegal stamps there is the illegal use of course of the Olympic logo unfortunately for the Olympics in Paris 2024 there are already hundreds of illegal stamps there are sheetlets like the one to the left here or you have 3 countries produced in the same sheetlist here you have Nigeria, Guatemala and Zimbabwe you have a country's name that is misspelled unfortunately for the Republic de Côte d'Ivoire it also has illegal stamps that misspelled its name here it is République for example another misspelling of Côte d'Ivoire that we have seen was Côte d'Ivoire instead of the apostrophe Ivoire it has a G Côte d'Ivoire here is République there is illegal use of post for example in this one here of Gabon they use the expression postal there is also the illegal use of the cancellation like you can see here Libreville 2501 2023 and it is a false cancellation misleading collectors to think that it was produced and cancelled by the relevant postal authority here we have a counterfeit and illegal reproductions of Iropa 2000 stamps in the name of 16 African different African countries this is not just like an illegal production but counterfeit because the symbol the image itself of Iropa is an official symbol used by the official European post Europe country at the time and this was discovered not in 2000 probably but later but they are still on the market here we have unfortunately UPU itself in various reproductions that has been found on Ireco stamps and we hope of course that the international view of the UPU will take action against this as an organisation that is leading the cause in the fight for against illegal stamps safeguarding the reputation of the post stamps and you can see we have unfortunately the public de Cameroon you have Congo, the public of Buenos even the names of the countries are probably not official you also have Union de Comorra this is very serious when they attack even the UPU this is an example of many such sales of boxes and boxes of huge productions of wholesale selling of Ireco stamps it has been shown it has been around for several years we have shown it in various fora and unfortunately they still persist these kinds of sales this one indicates we are not sure if it is a whole set of boxes or maybe series that were sold for 1990 U.S. dollars 99 indicating there are more than 10 available and there were 63 sold of this we don't know if it's a box per set but nevertheless you can see the huge productions and this is where the issue of the protection of the environment also comes in for these illegal productions you have a danger to the environment where the use of the gum and the paper it's a whole underground economy you can imagine it works on producing illegal stamps to this extent here is another example how certain merci Maria Maria thank you very much oh I'm sorry I overshot the time that was given to me a very interesting presentation and certainly many actions can be undertaken on behalf of the UPU unfortunately we are running out of time and we would like to listen to other speakers so thank you very much Maria for this very interesting presentation an overview of the current state of official and parallel before giving the floor to other speakers what is the situation with respect to Eve can he hear us Eve can you hear us I'm afraid we can't hear you even though you might be able to hear us can you modify your audio settings Eve and check your microphone so let us continue to improvise maybe you could disconnect and reconnect to Eve in the meantime we're going to Jorim's folder another presentation so as a historian Jorim has the world of fallately evolved over the last 150 years into English I don't speak French first and foremost I hope you can all hear me think so right yeah it's a honour to be here a great pleasure and I hope you will be here because in this presentation I will try to explore how stamps can shed light on moments and trends in global history that is modern global history and that is admittedly a rather pretentious exercise for 15 minutes but I will give it my best I see the slides already up that's great so on a very basic level stamps illustrate the global victory of the nation state template these highly mobile propaganda posters or miniature memorials as scholars have called them shed light on the iconography of nationalism and sovereign states stamps have been mobilised as political and pedagogical tools that help define, stage, legitimise and advertise the nation's cultural heritage and the state's political ideology and system however as I will try to show in this necessarily incomplete and impressionistic overview stamps also offer an incredibly rich visual archive for historians interested in the aesthetic repertoire of colonialism, anti-colonialism internationalism and a vaste range of global movements and processes to mention just a few examples the global circulation of stamps contributed to the creation of a pantheon of iconic global personalities the rise of a global cultural heritage paradigm the promotion of international values and bolstered regional integration schemes one could say that stamps played a prominent role in the formation and diffusion of a new visual language of the global that is the main argument I will try to make through many different examples so in the next few minutes I will focus primarily on the symbolic content on stamps rather than collecting practices which offers another very promising of research the first theme as the slide already is colonialism as other panels have pointed out during this conference the formation of European empires relied on long distance communication and was a major trigger for the introduction of stamps in the 19th century but other than its function we can also learn a lot by focusing on the symbolic content of colonial stamps stamps issued for use in various European colonies but feel strikingly similar visual strategies these little artifacts often tapped into the visual language of the colonial pittoresque and Orientalism depicting exoticized native inhabitants local culture, Asian monuments sceniques landscapes and the primary products in the colony they evidently catered to the western gaze and showcased the European vision of Asia, Africa or the Pacific for that matter now on another level colonial stamps shaped through circulation new understandings of a colony's past and cultural heritage the recovery of this past was often informed by archeological discoveries and a classical bias of European civilizations and monumental architecture for example as we can see on this slide in French Indochina the newly excavated site of Angkor Wat featured prominently on colonial stamps this emphasis as we can see here endured in the postcolonial age when Angkor became a crucial site in the Khmer nationalist imagination so this example doesn't show continuity from the colonial to the postcolonial age on a completely different level stamps issued by European imperial powers often featured colonial themes that familiarize citizens with key events and personalities associated with the foundation of colonies these stamps were popular collectibles and spread an awareness of overseas possessions not only in the colonial era but also much later when former colonies had long transformed into independent nation states for example here we see a commemorative issued by Spain in the 1960s and 80s depicting colonial settlements and a series of pioneering conquistadors navigators on the right you might spot a miracle as butchol on a completely different level stamps also shed light on emerging currents of internationalism, universalism and regionalism sweeping the globe in the 20th century for example stamps captured global processes ranging from the transport revolution in the era of aviation so airplanes to women's emancipation and scouting for example as you can see on this slide almost every country issued stamps to commemorate the world scout jamboree organized almost every four years since 1920 we could also think of stamps promoting universalist ideologies and movements think of rotary the UN Charter human rights and of course international organizations such as the Red Cross, UNESCO and ILO this gave rise to a visual language of globalism many of these abstract symbols became iconic the globe for universal themes the dwarf representing peace the scales of justice and of course the Red Cross here we see stamps featuring rotary international with the real symbolizing progress action and service another example is the fast range of stamps with the UNESCO theme these provide startling evidence for the global reach of a new cultural heritage paradigm transforming cultural historical and natural sites across the globe into world heritage and given the occasion of this conference let's also have a quick look at the selection of stamps issued to commemorate the 75th anniversary in 1949 the 480 issues or so that appeared featured a few common themes and in fact many can be seen downstairs in the exhibition so some issues as we can see here featured the handsome Greek god Hermes who symbolize connection and travel some portrayed the universal post monument erected in Bern in 1909 many other issues combined the globe dwarfs and world maps the reach of global postal services and a commitment to international cooperation and others focused on the logistics of postal services and depicts modes of transports such as airplanes, trains and steamships curiously some issues evoke as late as 1949 the colonial picturesque and imperial connectivity as these stamps issued by France and the Belgian Congo show and finally aware of course some unique designs informed by creative vision the stamps issued by Vatican City which you can see on the right bottom corner offered for example a remarkable blend of global and religious symbolism another example are stamps issued to commemorate global sports events not to mind come the long tradition to issue stamps on location of the soccer world cup or Olympic Games but we can also think of commemorative issues issued on the occasion of international exhibitions such as the World Fair organized in New York in 1964 as we can see here these stamps typically depicted the national pavilions designed by countries or the fair stamps also left a visual trail for which we can explore the iconography of emerging global political ideologies such as fascism and communism for example stamps issued during the Cold War by countries within the Soviet sphere often contained statements of solidarity and refuel strikingly similar socialist iconography focusing on industrial workers factories peasants and images invoking socialist utopias and revolution but stamps also offer a window on the formation of alternative political alliances the emergence of regional blocks and alliances was often anticipated in stamps the most notable example is the long tradition dating back to the 1950s with Europe another example is the left wing South-South internationalism inaugurated by the Bandung Conference on Asian African Corporation in 1955 and the emergence of the non-aligned movement and these issues commemorated often conferences and featured the driving forces behind the movement such as the Indian Prime Minister Nero who can be seen here on stamps issued by India, Iraq and Cyprus stamps also shedlights on the emergence of a pantheon of global iconic personalities throughout the 20th century some figures were depicted on stamps across the globe these included pioneering scientists for example Robert Kov Marie Curie Copernicus the founder of the scout movement Baden Powell historical figures such as Columbus and political leaders of global stature think of Churchill Gandhi and of course Lenin Lenin's face did not only proliferate on stamps issued by countries within the Soviet sphere as we can see to the left but also features on stamps from India, Sri Lanka and Syria as we can see on the right another example are cultural icons which were another common subject ranging from composers just Mozart and Beethoven to as we can see here Mali poet and humanist Ramindranath Jagor who appeared on stamps issued by countries from pretty much every continent on the globe finally stamps can also shed light on the diffusion and politics of aesthetics a shift in the aesthetics of stamp design often reflected the arrival of a new political ideology or even system for example following the foundation of the Turkish Republic the arabesque some flowery calligraphy of Ottoman stamps were replaced by westernized and one could say secular aesthetic but the reverse could also be observed the secular aesthetic and royal ornamentalism of Persia stamps issued under the Palafi dynasty gave way to a highly religiously themed iconography after the reigning revolution of 1979 but stamp design could also reflect newly emerging aesthetic regimes that I call them that were not directly an expression of a clear political ideology for example the early 20th century witnessed stamp designs inspired by the sinuous curves and ornamental nature motifs inspired by Arden Ovault some of these were designed by leading artists of the movement for instance Alphonse Mucha created some of the first stamps issued by his native Czechoslovakia we can see one of these examples in the right lower corner another example is Art de Coal starting in the interwar period a variety of European and South American countries issued stamps with an Art de Coal design these stamps were characterized by the use of bold colors geometric motifs, sharp outlines and modernist themes focusing on architecture, airplanes and machinery now by way of a conclusion I would argue that stamps continue to be an interesting visual barometer of global politics values and events from the Chinese project to revive the lens and maritime silk roads to global environmentalism and the collective traumatic experience to COVID-19 pandemic as the different panels have shown during this conference the UPU emerged as an ambassador of globalism at the age of nation states although stamps are primarily issued by individual countries the tens of thousands of little artifacts together over a fast visual archives for historians connections as well as ruptures the rise and fall of political systems the emergence of a global cultural heritage paradigm and the formation of regional blocks and new trends in arts and design in short stamps represent a multitude of tiny windows that illuminate the fragmented landscape of a collective global past and I end here, thank you so much for listening and back to Benjamin merci beaucoup Yorim c'est une vision intéressant effectivement de tout cet aspect le suspense est insoutenable vous demandez tout si on a retrouvé Yves Yves est-ce que vous nous entendez oui, on ne vous entend toujours pas alors que fait-on vous pouvez vous débrancher votre casque Yves, could you unplug your headset and use the microphone in your computer use your computer microphone why don't you take the headset out completely and plug it completely can you hear me now unfortunately the sound quality if it continues this way will not be sufficient for the interpreters to interpret there's a quite a loud echo we heard you for a moment Yves could you say something what about this don't touch anything now seems to be working go ahead don't touch anything else it seems to be working now nope he touched something obviously could you say something Yves please tell if we can hear you or not he's not talking so we can't hear him could you please say something Yves dite quelque chose could you speak into your microphone Yves can you speak to us please speak loud allez on va faire une dernière tentative ok well let's try one last time Yves, a few moments ago we heard you briefly could we ask you to say something into your microphone anything you like unplug your headset plug it back in can you hear me now we can hear you don't move don't move ah really it's working excellent can you hear me now oh really we often say things weren't so bad in the past but according to my understanding you have a very interesting globalized approach to the single postal territory from its very inception Yves, we've been waiting with bated breath and we're going to be delighted to listen to you this is Yves your screen we're going to start we're just going to just a minute we lost the video but we've got the sound on va lancer votre présentation why don't you let us share your presentation from here and you can start you can start speaking excellent we'll share the presentation we'll leave the speaking to you firstly I'd like to thank professor leonard lebori who invited me to speak about the topic philatelists, witnesses and actors in the first globalization could we have the next slide you can go straight to the next one 2006 a historian we should study philateli during colonial expansion called the first globalization from the beginning of the 19th century to the first world war the world achieved a degree of identification that it wouldn't see again until the 1990s this was characterized by the intertwining of economies and societies driven by the advent of the global postal union and the foundation of the universal postal union in 1874 postal stamps were symbols of civilization for societies the exploration of these topics by we think it's a good way into this topic most of the first philatelists were middle class interpreter apologizes the sound quality is very bad and the speakers reading a text this was the case for stamp dealers like Jean-Baptiste Maas from Belgium and Arthur Morey from France the these first editors wanted to insist on the importance of stamps for discovering the world these stamps were found on the principles of progress and an occidental western perspective the 1860s were a period of optimism and technological breakthroughs in 1863 the steam navigation made it possible for trade to develop a pace in the same way a publicist a friend of Marie said that the stamp was a sign of civilization Charles Weiner said that stamps generated progress in civilization as Marie said the postal stamp is for stamp editors there's emancipation in Europe and however the western origins of the civilization progress didn't take on board the idea and the Asian and African stamps can ground in Asia for example the first steam stamps in Arabic were celebrated by Weiner as a sign of the Ottoman Empire wanting to open up to the world philatelic editors were less optimistic about Africa Marie felt that those who wish to solve the problem of equality or inequality could not look at these stamps conversely Marie and Weiner saw in this Liberian stamp the wish to move towards civilization and away from slavery Moines led a charge against segregation in the United States saying that Afro-Americans subjugated Weiner claimed that expulsion of Afro-Americans had the interpreters apologizes once again the sound quality too poor for proper interpretation Moines said that people in Oceania are closer to orangutans and men but they said this was a matter of circumstance rather than intrinsic inferiority Moines and his colleagues took the example of the independent kingdom of Hawaii where they said that missionaries had quickly turned these bloodthirsty natives into civilized human beings in the eyes of philatelic editors we see here the stamp at Kamehameha the great founder of the kingdom Marie compared Kamehameha to Peter the Great who had westernized Russia and then we have President Rivet Davila a well-known figure in Argentina for Marie the expansion of western civilization was the culmination of the enlightenment and had brought light to the world Marie thought that each French colony should have its own stamps as the populations were integrated into western culture for others in the same period no nation should miss a train of progress comme le souligné Eric Robson la crise a brisé la tendance de l'internationalisme entraîné le rejet du nébuchage en faveur du protectionnisme et contribué à faire un espec colonialisme agressif partir des années 1880 la presse philatelique a reflé des sovières de la coopération de la concorde vers la concurrence de conflits commentez-moi la conversion de Moines et les réalismes nationalistes à l'idée que les colonies français devraient avoir leurs own stamps mais l'interprète s'apologise que la qualité du son n'est vraiment pas suffisante pour l'interprétation paradoxiquement, il était un fondateur d'éthiopie contre l'agression d'Italie et a joué un rôle dans l'issue de la première éthiopie de stamps en 1994 résolvant la contradiction des relations entre les deux nations et le Mohi qui avait toujours l'amour pour les stamps américains a exprès de l'expression de la expérience de l'agression d'anglossat et d'expansion surtout en occasion de la guerre des Bois et de la guerre de l'Éthiopie et de l'éthiopie et de l'expansion de l'Éthiopie et de l'éthiopie et de l'expansion de l'Éthiopie et de l'expansion de l'Éthiopie de l'expansion de l'Éthiopie et de l'expansion de l'Éthiopie qui ont été exprès de l'expression d'humanité en faisant l'univers dans leur fold en sa vie mais ces believres humanistes ont coexisté avec une attachement pour l'empire britannique les deux étaient particulièrement difficiles à réconciler en temps que la guerre de la Bois a évoqué un bâtiment agressif du frère patriarité dans le monde britain pour atteindre des syntheses entre l'universalisme et l'imperialisme il a trouvé un parallèle entre l'expansion de l'expansion britannique et l'expansion d'un bâtiment agressif et a insisté que l'empire évoque sa légimité et la grandeur pour la propagation des idées humanistes qui ont été philatélisées la même et la plus grande l'imperialisme a été créé dans le texte qui a contribué à l'expansion de l'éthiopie de New Zealand dans une série d'articles sur l'histoire de Stamps sur les éthiopie Vivian explique l'inhabitance de la légimité et a fait le fun de la postmaster en disant que l'éthiopie a été évoquée une semaine avant qu'elle a été évoquée et qu'elle a été évoquée des lettres pour les délivrer et la même veine l'éthiopie de Stamps depuis 1993 a été évoquée l'imperialisme de la légimité de la légimité d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'une oblivion de laplan. Pourquoi? Pourquoi? Pourquoi?isi d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'un bâtiment agressif d'une lorsqu'on est voilà au printemps question d'une possibilité Merci beaucoup Yves pour votre intervention et encore. Bonjour tout le monde, je souhaiterais interpréter. Merci beaucoup Monsieur Combe. Vous avez ouvert la porte de l'UPU pour quelqu'un comme moi qui est un negotiateur philatelique, donc je n'ai pas l'habitude d'être ici. L'observation que vous faites dans votre première présentation est quelque chose que l'on voit dans tous les documents de l'UPU Congress depuis des décennies. Je me demande des solutions, des solutions potentielles à ces issues. Vous avez mentionné l'Association mondiale pour le développement de l'UPU. Et c'est plus un comment qu'une question. Cette association, il y a quelques années, j'ai travaillé dans le monde de l'UPU pour 10, 15 ans maintenant. C'est une association qui existe, mais ce n'est pas ouvert à la route de l'UPU pour les gens comme moi, au moins, ce n'est pas ouvert à la route de l'UPU, donc je pense qu'il y a des improvements à ce niveau. Vous avez parlé des stampes illégales, et c'est quelque chose que j'aimerais revenir sur. La spécialisation des stampes africains, il y a beaucoup de stampes illégales dans cette particularité. Je peux parler de cela toujours, mais je pense que nous pouvons donner l'assistance aux pays qui sont armés par l'issuance de ces stampes pour qu'ils puissent s'affronter, pour qu'ils puissent s'affronter sur les stampes. Certaines agences s'assurent des stampes légaux qui sont très frais, mais il y a aussi un problème sur la solution. Nous avons un issue de profitabilité en termes de sources d'income pour ces pays, mais je pense que c'est une partie de la solution. Si c'est une partie de la solution, si c'était un rôle central, ce serait pour éviter les problèmes dans la ligne. Je vais le garder là-bas, car je peux parler toujours sur ce sujet. Merci, Mr Bush. Je comprends que c'est plus un commentaire que une question, mais je suis en train de parler à Ms Libéra pour voir si vous voulez répondre à ce commentaire très rapidement, depuis que nous sommes en train de parler. Merci beaucoup. Merci d'avoir donné la floor après cette contribution. Vous avez referé l'Association du monde pour le développement de Philateli. C'est le corps qui peut aider dans la fête contre les stampes légaux. Je ne sais pas comment les gens sont. Je ne sais pas ce que leur plan de travail est. Je sais si c'est possible, mais je pense qu'ils pourraient prendre cet issue. Avec regard aux pays africains, j'ai récemment participé dans un colloquium sur les pays africains en novembre 2023. Et l'issue qui dépend est la suivante. Oui, les pays africains veulent soutenir les best practices et les possibilités. Personnellement, j'ai continué d'aider et d'adverir mais nous devons avoir une action concernée. Nous avons regardé les organisations régionales et les best practices pour éviter l'économie. Nous devons prioritiser l'économie et la réputation des pays africains. Les philatélistes ne veulent plus les collecter parce qu'ils ne savent pas si les pays africains sont légaux ou non. Il y a un tout programme qui pourrait être développé en ce regard. Ça peut être fait par le Brut international pour aider ces pays avec l'association mondiale. Je suis assez positive que nous pouvons faire quelque chose mais les décisions doivent être faites. Merci beaucoup Maria. Avant de la prochaine question la forme que vous avez mentionnée, je représente l'UPU. C'est organisé en Rabat pour tous les pays africains. Je pense que 37 pays sont là en Rabat. Le bon travail a été fait par nos collègues marocains et en suivant la sympathie des discussions ont commencé avec beaucoup de pays africains pour continuer l'improvement des pays africains. Monsieur Salvatore avez-vous une question? Oui, j'ai une question. La première personne a déjà pris les mots de ma main. France et Europe ont été frappés par des stampes légales dans le cas de la France et le cas de la Grande-Britagne. J'ai demandé ce que l'UPU pourrait faire dans ce regard. Évidemment, les administrations devraient être pressées pour les impôts. Mais ces stampes sont printées en Chine. J'ai demandé si l'UPU pourrait être pressé par le gouvernement pour les impôts. Je vais commenter sur ce sujet. L'UPU est en train d'assurer l'importance critique pour un nombre de années. La politique de l'UPU est d'identifier les sources de ces stampes légales. C'est pas un seul pays, c'est un whole et c'est un pays. On a commencé à travailler sur le sens technique et d'avoir des informations pour essayer de faire des stampes légales. J'ai tenté de rester vague parce que nous travaillons sur ça. Et j'espère que dans le futur il y aura d'autres besoins pour les opérateurs pour combattre ce phénomène. Merci. J'ai travaillé pour la collection de l'UPU et j'ai une question pour vous. Vous avez parlé de la même chose sur la scale globale entre les pays. Vous pouvez dire quelque chose? Merci pour la question. C'est une question très intéressante. Le format des stampes légale pour une certaine standardisation. C'est intéressant que il y ait une certaine langue de la globale en développant des symboles ou des icons ou même des personnalités. C'est toujours difficile d'attribuer la politique ou le sens. Pourquoi est-ce qu'il y a un stamp issu par l'Indien? Ce n'est pas un pays communiste. Ce n'est pas surprise qu'il y a un stamp issu par les Poles ou par l'Hungary mais peut-être que l'Indien était un figure anti-imperialiste. Il y a beaucoup de différences entre les régions. Je ne veux pas avoir une réponse dans le contexte de l'immigration ou de la différenciation. Oui. Merci. Oui, madame Théros Ofron. Monsieur Théros à la back of the room. Unfortunately, I missed the beginning of your presentation. I was in the other hall. I found it very interesting what you said about cultural heritage, art design, art nouveau, mocha from the Czech Republic, well Czechoslovakia I suppose at the time. Being somewhat of an artist myself I'm wondering as far as aesthetics go like now in 2024 the trends seem to be monochrome on one hand but very vibrant colors on the other hand. What do you foresee as far as aesthetics for stamps in the next few years? Oui. That's a tough question. I mean the question is first and foremost I guess whether in this post-post-post-modern world there can be even somehow shared visual language in terms of aesthetics as we might have seen it in the time of art deco or art nouveau. A little bit anything goes right to a certain extent. Yeah. So I don't know exactly where this would move but it's a very interesting question that I never thought about before. Yeah. Yeah. Maybe we can talk later too. Sorry? Maybe we can talk later too. Yes please. Mademoiselle vous aviez une question également? I will do it very quickly. Within the Soviet Union we can see resistance movement using fake stamps or legal stamps as they are called here as a way to finance their movements. So in a way they are a great historical source as you said because you can see these Europa stamps being redone. Have you seen that anywhere else stamps being used as a resistance financial fund in a way? Was that a question for me or for Maria? Voilà. I didn't understand very well. Maria qui a fait un tel exposer impressionant sur l'étain de l'égo et leur usage ou peut-être plutôt pour urine? It's a question for Maria. Maria can you react very briefly to this question and then I'll give the floor to urine. Could the question be repeated? I haven't quite understood it. The question is correct me if I'm wrong. The question is that there are a certain number of entities who decide to issue stamps legal stamps to fund their movements. Is that your question? I think we need to look at the groups who could fund their movements. In order to determine this, we have to look at the illegal stamps that are being issued. There are a certain number of illegal stamps that are in circulation in Ukraine for instance, they're illegal because they're post-mai down and not in Ukraine and they're on topics such as violence, war so I think we would have to have a global picture and we would have to see the authorities who could fight against this. We'd have to without seeing these stamps it's kind of hard to give an opinion on this and who's behind. Of course we know that the international mafia uses illegal stamps to fund its illegal activities but I think we'd have to look into this much more in-depth to know exactly what's going on. Thank you very much, Maria. Your room? It goes in a different direction but in terms of sort of stamps and resistance, that was a question that you asked. How can one be radical on stamps? It's a very conservative medium I would say in many ways because it's linked to the nation state but I think on a global plane you can definitely see that stamps are being used for all sorts of politics anti-colonial are radical in that sense they challenge the vision of world order by the west or capitalism or whatever it is. Anti-colonialism definitely is a theme on stamps and all this solidarity is being built in that way by countries issuing the stamps using similar symbols. That's a very superficial answer but talk later. Je vous remercie Thank you very much, maybe one last question. We could stay here forever but there are other sessions. Society. Postage stamps, some beautiful ones we saw on the screen here. It's typically the gateway drug into philataly as a hobby for people. And yet stamps typically go on enveloppes and the envelope mailing rates in most western countries are going down quite dramatically. Swiss Postes announced last week last year's letter volume 10 year decline, 5% down year on year for 10 years you can do the math in about 15 years there'll be no letters left, right? And therefore no stamps. And yet that's the way most people get into philataly as a hobby. So here's my question. The UPU's 250th anniversary 100 years from now you may be still there but let's say your Cran kids are there. What are you going to say about the last 100 years of philataly the history of that 100 years of philataly, 100 years from now of the coming 100 years. What are those people at the 250th Cigolium going to say about this coming 100 years of philataly when there are no stamps to have ever created that base. So the question is what is or the entire panel if what is your best guess Well I would say that everything that has a beginning has an end so stamps appeared in 1840 I guess there may not be stamps left 100 years from now but stamps are increasingly becoming a subject of academic research since the 1980s so I guess maybe maybe this is kind of the future of stamps apart from the fact that they really rare stamps will probably remain as collectibles Maria une vision sur ces 100 prochaines années sur les prochaines années A the next 100 years legal vision not illegal well postage stamps are the symbols of the nation state of the state they are reflected in the upu regulations they can continue to exist as a symbol of a nation but we need to control the way they are manufactured if you enable parallel markets to continue acting in this way well of course this will wreak havoc in the traditional stamp but community there are many more illegal stamps in developing countries than authentic stamps so what will be left for the future generation so those who are interested in collecting stamps the stamps will remain the symbol and the identity of the nation state this is something that is very important this is something that has to be preserved we need to maintain a minimum at least of production of postage stamps this is a very difficult problem and we will have to find a solution to overcome this difficulty your very last reaction question it can go in different ways the postage stamp can go the way of videos like no one buys videos anymore on the other hand you have all these objects that are no longer functional because they are anorganistic and therefore surpassed but they become collectibles because they have an aura there is something artsy about them and stamps are often quite artful there is a lot of artistic work that goes into designing them they are pretty objects I think most people agree the question is probably will stamps still be used in schools you could even argue that now there is a good time to start because it is cheaper than ever you can go to the flea market in Berlin where I used to live and on Sundays you can buy for 10€ you can buy yourself a whole collection je vais juste donner le mot de la fin puisque la session suivante commence à l'étage supérieur et je vous invite to react to your question I would say the following I am an optimist rather than a pessimist teletely over the last 200 years has always succeeded in reinventing itself look at the associations of dealers and stamp collectors even though the volumes of mail using stamps will drop we will continue to use stamps even though they may not be used for mail purposes thank you thank you very much