 in this very lousy technical talk also on layer 2 UX design patterns I should have added a lot of people thought it's about the government but it's about design actually so how many of you are actually familiar with layer 2 technologies know how plasma state channels work how many don't okay a few we will have a tiny tiny primer about that so that you can get up to speed so on the agenda I will give a tiny detail about precedent for the framework of how we went out and found these principles tiny principles at the primary only to technology so that those I don't know understand what we're talking about and then there are these lead to design patterns very very little and few patterns because there's not been much time to test with real users and of course in the middle we will have the voices of the users okay there's these bubbles of things that people and users actually told me I've interviewed non-crypto users but crypto curious users also and they will be speaking in the middle of the presentation so that you can hear the voices so last year we presented this web 3 design decision making framework was a tool that came out from the interviews of many different companies in the space that helped us map the different problems users have into different types of buckets of questions that were from the members of decentralization and things that are related to the technicalities of all the blockchain this is interesting because it leads to how we found the design patterns and also why we started doing the layer 2 design patterns so what we found out is that of course there's new mental models and there are there are also new complicated concepts and these things in different things and the solutions that these companies were using range into different buckets as well if you want things that you could hide you should hide to the user and things that are technical you should oh and you cannot hide you should explain better I'm not going through the whole presentation that was last year but just a simple example to understand like gas is a multi-dimensional problem you can have things that you can hide away like what is gas price limit designers and projects have had a lot of success in hiding this information but there are other things like why is there a price at all who is it getting it that you need to find better explainers for this and these happen also in the layer 2 and of course the solutions these companies were using could be mapped out in here and so this is where the layer 2 comes in which is there was a high degree of consensus among developers and designers working in the space that sometimes it's okay to have a server tiny server that helps you in the middle that there is a degree of centralization especially for new cameras for non-crypto users okay it's okay to help them by the hand and then on board them on to real decentralized technology and so this is why I thought that layer 2 had that promise of bringing that degree of centralization but it still has the security of layer one so right now a primer on state channels and on plasma and state channels they all basically were more or less the same thing you have layer one technology the blockchain the few in blockchain where you have a smart contract you drop in or you lock in some token some ether okay and anything can happen off-chain either in the case of state channels these are like normal server transactions where two parties Alice and Bob sign each other messages and so you are constantly like messaging each other the new state and you agree on that state it's always the last mistake and whenever you want to withdraw you go back to layer one and there is where the security comes in through a challenge period maybe this guy wants to cheat but this guy here has the last the state and so it's mathematically provable that this guy will win the layer one security ensures that anything that happens off-chain is secure okay and there is pure to clear networks like me connected with Alberto right or through hubs intermediaries if you want where a lot of users are connected together okay plasma is a little bit different but the same concept you have the main layer one chain where you have a contract you deposit tokens on ether in there as well and what happens off-chain is actually another chain but that has a faster throughput they have less validators there is you can have like 2000 transactions per second more or less here and you're committing periodically every 32 seconds more minutes blocks blocks 30 blocks thank you you're committing that state into the chain so this is the difference between state channels and plasma which is in plasma you need periodically to send transactions on chain and to register information in state channels you don't and they are called optimistic layers if you want because you don't resort to layer one until you actually need it if we are behaving well you don't need to go only one well plasma does this thing but if only in the case we are behaving badly you go on to layer one and side chains maybe you have heard of this thing side chains are not let you do we'll talk about that is basically an atomic swap between two different chains so there's a theorem or Bitcoin or whatever we deposit one token and it's minted on the other side but I'm not going to talk about this because the side chains are not let you do and actually right now there's another talk somewhere downstairs exactly about this side mode side by this guy so if you hear side chains are not they do and okay set this I need to speed up we did interview people in the space and users I want my mission is to onboard my mother and brother okay and so I tried to talk to non-crypto users only few of them five of them because there wasn't much time with people releasing stuff right before that going to actually have something in our hands to touch with just three main moments in the design or the user flow okay you need to enter the system you need to use the system and exit the system and in these two cases you also have two side things which is normally you will think of transactions but transactions are is a pattern that works inside of a wallet or when you transact value but in this case is you can also transact state of applications you know so you should not call them transactions if you want and the exit has two patterns which is I am exiting fine I'm friends with my friend and I just go find or adversarial and entering the system so unfortunately today this is a problem you still need to go through layer one to get into layer two and so everybody still presenting with hey save your key back up your wallet so my dream was shattered right at the first step you know yes we can onboard non-crypto user no not yet and of course there is solution for this of course the question is what the fuck is a key okay this is a literal question use of us and this solution is of course to use contract base account universal of you might have heard those those solve that onboarding process please start using contract base accounts everybody then there are so many accounts in some cases you need to have your a theorem key your your normal a theorem wallet then a contract base account and in some cases you need to have your own pillar or your own sidechain style a status a state channel or plasma car like if it was a bank account if you want so these are like three wallets and people of course ask why do I need another wallet no seriously why do I need another ball they repeat this thing they know they have to do this but they don't grasp the meaning and wallets to date on maybe effort to explain what are these things and of course if you can just on board and directly here obstructing this information and getting them directly onto later to if you want or explain if you want what is one wallet why do you know the wallet etc pick a token this is a problem state channels and all the plasma say hey you can on board with any token deposit any token so a new user goes there and see which one do I choose and there's a lot of things called eat eat eat eat eat eat eat and this is one of the questions they have like which one do I pick you know well what the fuck is a token also is one of the questions and which one should I pick and what am I paying this to yeah so they have no clue of why exactly they're doing this and why they're bowling on these wallets so pattern here is game optionality new user simplified just give one option maybe die or whatever we'll talk about that and expert yes you can expand and choose your own always be there and hide options until exit maybe you decide when you exit what token you want and explain better the difference this was one of the solutions from the previous framework that works then what's your language is yet another pattern that all these people start using developer lingo okay these words don't mean anything and deploy doesn't mean divide this is an actual question user had so deploy later to later one doesn't mean anything at all for users so experimentally to yes it's experimental for us but not good for non-proper users yet so simplified language hide the technical complexity possible which was a solution from the framework then using the system we're on step two and right now this is not a die okay this is one of the biggest insights if you want of the research they were very confused because these wallets there's different type of wallets in state channels in plasma etc they all use die but when you are inside of these networks the die of network one is not the die of network two is not the die of the main chain so my users actually try to send each other die from a state channel from the layer one wallet or to another the state channel wallet and they did not understand why they were not the same die and there's no sign whatsoever in these softwares already that these is a custom die if you want so let me try to send it to a friend okay this is one of the insights that we are multiplying the complexity not simplifying it unfortunately and so solutions here is of course like it was written the design principles are very long time ago define or explain what the network you are using you need to be transparent about that or you make it interoperable this is a an invitation for all the leotoon developers to talk together and say hey yes we can call it die if somebody tries to send it to someone else we should behind the curtains be converting and on boarding it onto the other network and or work together somehow and better naming of course because of this problem here the many tokens okay maybe they should be called die state channel one die plasma one etc. so also because they could find each other better so this is not a die and what else multiple transaction this I'll go very fast away there is the idea that transactions go very fast but in the case of plasma you still need to have nonsense and wait for a transaction to be there and plasma has the problem that the finality of that transaction is not in some in-state channel is instant as soon as you receive it that's it and in plasma you need to wait that this information is actually put the 32 blocks later but you can assume that everything goes well but there is a problem of timing in there and there's a new pattern emerging of using state channels inside of plasma channel which is an open question how that works how that will work for the users open question and for me personally I think that we should find a technical solution to overcome transaction sequentiality the nonsense have confused a lot of users that they needed to wait until one transaction came back or that has a lot of users in the past and doubt about using like there's generic problems like you have onboarded but then you don't offer the next thing there's a user like say what do I do now I don't know so it said free but I continuously see different transaction fees and they don't understand what these transaction fees are so you need to be wary of using the right words because this is actually I said what the fuck it said free but it's worse than monopoly they are screwing me at every step we make this was actual comments that we had very snarky users and design the users next step this is basic behavioral design it doesn't pertain to the a2 and don't say free or don't say later one what's your language again etc open questions this is because not much could be used yet again there is this idea of agreements in state channels when you enter a channel with someone okay you are making an agreement about when the exit will happen how long it will take okay so this agreement is a new pattern okay there is not yet anything that we could test I personally think that we should make them flexible and dependent on the amount of balance that you are exiting if you're exiting one coffee value you simply do it right away or it's two minutes or whatever if you're exiting $200 or $1,000 maybe that time span expands flexibly right now in space so that's one of the things that I think they need to work on and how are we going to manage many open channels because if it's peer-to-peer theoretically I could have a channel with each of you in my wallet I would have like thousands of lines or if I have a hub I would have the hub with a thousand online with the people I might have connections with the apps would be installed in my wallet and this is good to hear that also metamask yesterday's introduced the fact that they have these plug-ins ideas that you will have apps inside of your wallet to manage and yeah you need to differentiate these things and yeah how state channels inside of Platinum will work we have no clue and hide as much as possible interoperate this is what the solutions probably are and exiting the system this is the science fiction II because right now it's only ideas there's nothing implemented the only company that had designed something is seller is again actually seller X we're did a good job in calling it court mode okay so they use that nice language to explain that there is a challenge happening and how it works and so this idea of exiting that you could have challenges happening okay has a requirement on the technology that you as a user need to be looking all the time at the chain and this is not no go for UX so there are people coming out with watch towers these are the name one of the companies called pizza is developing the watch towers and and and so this is one of the unknowns how this part will behave you know for from the user perspective my opinion is users won't need to worry too much about the challenge if you can hide it there's a consensus or there's three different approaches right now either the app itself watches the chain for you so if you connect every once a week or whatever it solves it automatically for you if you or they have by the service of a watch tower so it's a service that is looking and you say hey you have a problem I'll send you a notification on your mobile phone about this state or Dallas among the people participating in this channel saying that company product or user is being malicious I'll kick him out and simply offset the pricing for the user in case in plasma you are also you have also these multiple fees to exiting okay since in plasma right now one of the construct is to have two weeks or one week when you actually exit before you can get your money okay there are people that are creating crypto economic finality so there are services that say hey you as a user you don't want to wait one week so let me take your risk out by your one your either within one week for 1% fee or for 2% fee so there are services that are going to gather a fee for you to recover your money right away a user wants to recover the money right away and this is the ideal solution this is why I'm not totally convinced about the plasma construct especially from a user perspective but those are solutions are occurring coming and so you see there's a more complexity still rather than less which was my hope and in general in the whole space and in later to space as well we need to balance or explain better this idea between cost and responsibility okay and in later to is becoming more apparent okay you can have more cost or less cost or a be cheaper the transaction if you as a user take more responsibility on waiting doing watching waiting the exit etc or if you want the convenience is going to be more expensive but it's more convenient so this is something that is unsolved today I think in the whole ecosystem and especially in later I'm done so this is the summary basically try to interoperate so that people are not confused with this multiple kind of tokens try to hide as much of the technological methodologies behind okay and make it simpler to the user use universal login type of wallets or contract based wallets or accounts so that users don't need to store private keys etc we simplify that initial step and maybe we have something to onboard my mother and my brother thank you