 Thank you. Good morning. Thanks for accepting this communication. It's only an experiment because we are in an initial moment with our research. But we are now for seven years that we work with this kind of subject with students. So we have a double idea of topic to develop. You know, Spain, you have a huge number of abandoned and inhabited villages. I don't know if more or less than other countries. But we have a big concentration in the Pyrenees. The Pyrenees has been a space of a great migratory, a pendulum movement of people of migratory flow since the 19th century. It's also a place of borders and boundaries of exchanges, but also conflicts in the centuries, in different centuries. And in the last century, the most important was the effects of the Spanish Civil War. So destruction, exile, social control, migrations, etc. The role of archaeology in face to a large number of inhabited villages we thought was very interesting and did not exist at a large number of works around this subject. And also it's evident if we have a huge number of abandoned villages, we have also landscape transformation with the evolutions. So the aim is the concentration of abandoned villages and information they can give us could be interesting like an instrument of research and an experience in archaeology. I pass very quickly this one because it's only for us. The idea we work about the conceptualization of what is an abandoned village, abandoned and inhabited, the idea of dead village, God's village. If we search in different parts of the world or researchers, everyone takes another world concept for that. So we work about that, we have a part only dedicated to the conceptualization of this approach, like an approach to an international comparison. For us it's very interesting to thought about we are working only on a settlement, on a village, on a municipality because you know you can't have a municipality who have three, four, ten villages. And archaeology is not a municipality, so we have to decide where we want to work about. And in the sixties, in 1916 Spain, too many villages lost the capacity of the gestants. And the current issues, the phenomenon of the neuro-ruralism or the tourism, like holiday residences, people of Barcelona who goes to the mountain and others have a second house there and they want to have a special place so sometimes they want to go to these abandoned villages that is different like to live or to go to like a tourist. The researches of abandoned villages in the peninsula and Europe in general is not very developed. We can find some groups about that, but not especially, for example, in our places. In Catalonia you have very little groups of research in geography, for example, who works about the little villages, the effects of the migrations, etc. Or, for example, in Aragon, you have a very big institution, a political institution who works on the little villages. So what has been done in the place from the disciplines of geography, history, archaeology, heritage studies, etc. because we work on this project. I'm a historian with archaeology and geographies and we are for different kinds of... and also a philologist. So we have to decide the pathologies of the villages, which is for the local, regional, national, universal history to why we want to work about these places. The choice of the punis is not all the punis. We have to decide which kind and where in the punis. For a historical geographical criteria, the population we have chosen, the territorial scope of Alpidina de Aragon. Alpidina de Aragon is a high punis and the Val d'Aran is an institutional definition. Four, six, we say here, comarcas, regions, and St. Counties, valleys, etc. Sardanya, Alturgei, Payasubirá, Payasusá, Altaribolsa, Val d'Aran. You know, we are in Barcelona. So it's only this part of the punis there. Okay, so the population of Alpidina de Aragon has decreased about 30% between the 19th century and actually. Although the economic boom of the 21st century with the crisis, again, this population provoked a demographic decline of about 7%, and in 1050 years Alpidina de Aragon has lost one of each three inhabitants. And now the current population density of this territory area is about 12 inhabitants per kilometer. We have zones, areas, about four or five inhabitants, like Sahara, okay, to have a comparison. People, these are iPads because we have that. But this is very interesting. This is Catalonia. This is the consideration of inhabitants in Catalonia. And we are talking about this area. And the most interesting is that here, the six zones, the six comarques, they have in red the abandoned villages. You know what I mean? When the, maybe, villages who have new reasons and knowledge and impact, you know, are less than ten hundred. So if you do that, if you do that, you have very, very strong concentration of abandoned villages, et cetera. So we worked about the reasons of the population, economic factors, the demand of labor force of the 19th and 20th century, the war conflicts. The pulse of attraction is very interesting because it's not Barcelona only, it's also the principal, the main villages of towns near these zones. And the equipment infrastructures, the decisions in the management, in the territorial management, especially during the Francoism, because it's a political decision to do some choice for one or another. And the difficulties of the premier physical environment, so it's obviously, and other reasons. So for us, the premier is an open-cast archaeological site. This is the idea, no? Abandoned structures, remains of habitat structures related to economic labor activity, fields, plots we can find and we can work about research purposes, walls, the stones, pathways, communication routes, et cetera. We tend to focus on the modern contemporary area and we can't work with archives, personal documentary houses who have papers, et cetera, photographs, main structures are in process or closed down and this allows you to see how it was built, but also how the structures collapsed. And this is interesting for the idea for our students because they can know how is the best process of this research in archaeology and obviously the effects on the landscape. We have a methodology to measure the impact of the Abandoned. Also we have instruments like to see the forest, the reforestation, et cetera, services, economic activity, et cetera. And we will use cartography, photographies, oral sources, archives, et cetera. And the main aims are obviously research and also the project with the students. It's a double project here. We only show you two cases of studies. We have, you know, many, many villages that we are working about, but only here I show you two. Baneras in Alturge is located about 1,500 meters above the sea level and abandoned about 1980. And we have studied the process of abandonment, why, the process, the people, but for example, once abandoned, the house of the town was set, the church was also abandoned a plunder, and later on the vault collapsed and the cemetery was filled with prambles, et cetera, et cetera. There was an attempt of recuperation in 1990 that is a failure because it's impossible to go there. And we do a failed study on the inspection of the space. This is where it's located, near Andorra, no, in the south of Andorra. And, you know, the difficulties to access it, but we have this positive work with the settlements and the students are asked to have a prospect to develop a proposition of this site. Another example, Yastari, this is more on the west, located also at 1,000 above the sea level. And this is an example of work, not only by students, okay, a historical student with bibliography, oral sources, written sources. They discovered a distant fragment of an ancient castle, difficulty of access, erosion from the study, prospections, et cetera. And we can see here the effects of the social people who, where they go, which were the changes in the landscape. We have here the situation where the settlements, where the village, where the parties are, is the ancient church, okay. And this is encroached in the stones, in the dry stones. It's part of the thing is like that. The other parties are Romanian, okay. We have the possibility of work in very different ways, like symmetry with marble there, okay. And in some photographs, to compare, to make comparison, to know where are every place. So, in conclusion, does the period become an extraordinary open-cast archaeological site? Thanks to, thanks to, the high number of abandoned villages. And finally, the systematic study of the abandoned villages of the chosen pioneer area can provide data, the ideas to do, but the days, of the real effects of economics, political, social behavior, and ideologies to the 20th century, 19th century, for example, and it being carried out thanks to, especially, and eventually, to make an ability of every place, and to do this very research, and with the teaching profiles and the student status in these places. So, thanks for your attention.