 The study examines concerns and arguments raised by individuals opposed to Italy's green pass, which requires proof of vaccination or recovery from COVID-19 to enter certain indoor public places. The main opposition stems from legal and personal freedom issues, rather than doubts about the effectiveness of vaccines. The research suggests that public health institutions should provide a legal explanation for the use of the green pass and continue focusing on vaccine communication to inform hesitant individuals. This article was authored by Giovanni Spattali, Nicola Billorandorno, and Federico Germani.