 This study examined the effectiveness of different clinical research training methods used by MD-PhD students. It found that a clinical research practicum was an effective way to increase self-efficacy in clinical research among MD-PhD students. Additionally, it showed that certain clinical research tasks, such as IRB involvement and human subject recruitment, were associated with increased self-efficacy. This suggests that these tasks should be incorporated into clinical research training programmes to help prepare MD-PhD students for successful careers in clinical research. This article was authored by Matthew Sebastian, Matthew A. Robinson, Leanne Dumany and others.