 So, in this video, I want to look at what constitutes what we call an error. And so, basically by the simplest terms, an error is when a player on the defensive side of the field makes a mistake and that gives the offense an advantage they would not have had usually have gotten in the course of a game. So, the rule book breaks down and there's lots of different ways if you look in the rules that a defensive player can be charged with an error, but I just kind of want to give the basic overview in this video and really you'll find that the majority of the errors that you see committed will fall under one of these categories. So the first thing that it's going to have to, that it can do is permit a runner to advance one or more bases that he would not have had if the error was not committed. So permits a runner to advance one or more bases. So that's, you know, the first way, first situation that an error can be charged in. So the second way is that it would prolong the time that a runner is on base. So it prolongs the time a runner is on base and then the third way is that it can prolong the time that a batter is batting. So it would prolong the time at bat. And so it has to fall in order for an error to be charged. It has to fall into one of these three categories. And so how would the defensive team allow this to happen, you know, because obviously this is, these are three things that they're really trying to prevent and they're trying to get out, you know, so how can they screw this up, you know, under the rules? And so what the rules say is that it has to be a misplay by the defensive team and it breaks that down even further by saying it can be a fumble, a muff, or a wild throw. And so sometimes it's good, you know, just to see an example of it. So let's go up to the field here and let's say that we have the red team up the bat here and, you know, we could have our infielders, our four infielders here. And so the pitcher will throw the ball to the batter and the batter swings and he hits the ball to the shortstop. And, you know, while this is happening, as soon as he hits the ball, the batter is going to take off running toward first base and the shortstop is going to try to pick the ball up and throw it to the first baseman to get the force out at first. And so let's say that the shortstop drops the ball and in most situations, you know, the ball is hit to him, he's going to have enough time to pick it up and throw the batter out. But let's say he drops the ball and so that would be, you know, a misplay and in this case it would be a fumble because he dropped the ball. And so the runner, there the batter, he would then become a base runner and, you know, basically the rules take the stance that it's not really fair to give the batter credit for getting on base. And so in this situation, the shortstop, it would be his fault. So rather than being a base hit, we would say that it was an error on the shortstop and that was the reason that the batter advanced to first base. So it could happen, you know, maybe let's say that the batter hits the ball to the shortstop and he takes off running for first base. And the shortstop, he fields the ball cleanly just like he's supposed to and he picks it up and he throws it over to the first baseman who's covering first and the first baseman drops the ball. Well, again, that would be, you know, that's a misplay and so in that case the first baseman would be charged with the air because again, you know, it's not really the runner or it's not the batter that got on base, you know, by something good he did. It was a mistake by the defense and so that's why it's considered an error. So it can happen, you know, in the outfield too, if say the ball, you know, the three outfielders that are out here and they can also be charged with air. So if a high fly ball is hit out to the right fielder and he gets underneath it and he just happens to drop it, then again, you know, that's not something the baserunner or the batter did, really under normal circumstances he would have been out. In this case because the right fielder dropped it, we charge him with an air. And so you might say, you know, where do they draw the line because if somebody hits the ball, if the batter hits the ball, you know, and it's like, it's really hard hit and it's back here, you know, the shortstop and he'll probably attempt to run over and pick it up and then throw him out. But let's say, you know, the batter's really fast and so the shortstop, you know, he might even have to dive. So let's say he, the ball's hit here really hard, the shortstop actually dives over to stop the ball, picks it up, he stands up, picks it up and throws the ball over to the first base and the runner beats the throw and he's safe. Well, in that situation, because the shortstop made such a great effort, you know, to dive and stop the ball, it's really not his fault that the batter was safe at first base. So in that situation, it would just be considered a base hit. And so where do you draw the line there between a base hit and an error? And so the rulebook uses a term and it says, ordinary effort has to be, is kind of the boundary line. And so that's obviously that, you know, that's a judgment call. And so that's something that the official score, he'll sit up, you know, in the press box and that's really, that's his decision, that's his call, whether it's a hit or whether it's an error. And that happens, you know, I don't usually happen a couple times a game where he'll have to make that determination.