 Western Christianity, Western Christianity is the Latin Church, and Protestantism, together with the auschutes of these such as independent Catholicism and Mormonism taken together. The large majority of the world's 2.4 billion Christians are Western Christians about 1.9 billion, 1.2 billion Catholic-slash-700 million Protestant. The original and still major part, the Latin Church, also called the Western Church, developed under the Bishop of Rome and the Patriarch of the West in the former Western Roman Empire in Inequity. Out of the Latin Church emerged a wide variety of independent Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism and Anglicanism, starting from the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, as did independent Catholicism in the 19th century. Thus, the term Western Christianity does not describe a single communion or religious denomination, but is applied to distinguish all these denominations collectively from Eastern Christianity. The establishment of a distinct Latin Church, a particular Church sui iris of the Catholic Church in contrast to the Eastern Catholic Churches, also in full communion with the Pope in Rome coincided with the consolidation of the Holy See in Rome, where the bishop claimed a particular role since antiquity. The terms Western and Eastern in this regard originated with geographical divisions mirroring the cultural divide between the Hellenistic East and Latin West, and the political divide between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. During the Middle Ages adherents of the Latin Church, irrespective of ethnicity, commonly referred to themselves as Latins to distinguish themselves from Eastern Christians. With the expansion of European colonialism from the early modern era, the Latin Church, in time along with its Protestant See sessions, spread throughout the Americas, much of the Philippines, Southern Africa, pockets of West Africa, and throughout Australia and New Zealand. Thus, when used for historical periods after the 16th century, the term Western Christianity does not refer to a particular geographical area, but is rather used as a collective term for the Latin Church, the Protestant denominations, and independent Catholicism that trace their lineage to the original Latin Church in Western Europe. Today, the geographical distinction between Western and Eastern Christianity is not nearly as absolute as in antiquity or the Middle Ages. Due to the spread of Christian missionaries, migrations, and globalization, the adjectives Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity are typically used to refer to historical origins and differences in theology and liturgy, rather than present geographical locations. While the Latin Church maintain a Latin liturgical rights, Protestant denominations and independent Catholicism retain a wide variety of liturgical practices.