 Rhaid o'r rhaid. Rhaid o'r rhaid o'r rhaid yw'r cyfrannu. Rhaid o'r rhaid i'w ddweud i'r paragraf yn ysgriw. Rhaid o'r rhaid o'r rhaid o'r paragraf? Ychydig! Gweithio, rhaid. Rhaid o'r paragraf yn ysgriw. Rhaid o'r paragraf yn ysgriw, byddwch~! Mae cym Baeth Maen yn eu rodnent. Felly, bod yn y gwybod ble'r cyfrannu interview sydd yn eisteddf nhw, sy'n deall cyffern rhyw goeser a wedi fod llwynt o gwneud ac rhaid, byddwch yn etiqu pierngyrchu rhywb hwyl i ladnad ein dros â chael poder Sembl gyda accessio c easy. Myth e'n ysgrifennu mewn paragraf rywed roi gwleid, Ac y maen nhw'n rhaid i'n dweud i'r llawd yn yr hyn mae i'n gwybod, fel dyna'r llawd yn mynd i'r llawd. Felly, maen nhw'n rhaid i'n rhaid i'ch cerd? Dyna'r rhaid i'r llawd. Mae rhaid i'r cerdau. Felly, maen nhw'n rhaid i'ch cerdau, felly mae'n rhaid i'ch cerdau. Yes. OK, this is me. I'm Doctor Adam Macdonald. On Twitter I'm Ninja Cats. I'm a psychologist I'm mainly interested in teaching and learning, teaching statistics, memory in dyslexia, which is what my PhD was actually in, but as a lot of people with PhDs most of my time is spent doing something completely different to the subject of my PhD. I'm a senior lecturer at Cardiff Metropolitan University in Psychology and Education and I spend most of my time teaching on a master's in psychology in education so it's very much applying psychology to education in the classroom. But I spend most of my time listening to a rocker metal station called Primordial so any rocker metal fans in the crowd I recommend checking out that radio station and I've got two pictures of my lovely overlords, Audrey and Archie up there who spend most of their time paying it a lot of attention and validating Zoom meetings and causing havoc. So that's just a little bit about me. So hopefully everyone can still remember the card they picked. Yep. Okay, so I should have made your card disappear now. So can you put your hands up if your card is missing? Has anyone know exactly how I did this? Yep. I see a hand's going up. So what you'll notice is I've changed all the cards. So these are the original set of cards and the key thing is I only asked you to focus on remembering one of them. Then I distracted you for a while to hopefully get you to forget all the other cards only the one you remembered. And because they're all very similar it's quite easy to do that and so that's when there's a completely different set of cards up here so maybe you're like wow. So you're like oh I know this one. It's quite a nice little party trick especially when lots of people say oh you're a psychologist can you read my mind? I can try. So this is another nice little demonstration. It's a gif and if you focus on it you can actually change the direction of the train. So you might see it coming towards you and then if you focus you can make it go in a different direction. Hands up if you manage to change the direction of the train. Excellent. It's really annoying after the first time you've done it it kind of constantly flips which is quite irritating. So now I've got another one and just a warning for anyone who's sensitive to flashing images there are images flashing here so it's an image then it's a grey screen and then it's an image again. So the aim of this is for you to spot the difference between the two images. So you'll see a first image will flash up grey screen and then it will show a second image and I want you to try and spot the difference between the images. Now when you see the difference if you could put up your hand so once you've spot the difference if you could put up the hand so I can see you've spotted it. So here's the first one. So hand up when you spot the difference. A lot of people are spotting it. Some people looking very frustrated. For those of you who haven't spotted the difference look at the red drink and count the number of straws. Okay so here's another one. Again hands up when you spot the difference. This is harder. So again look at the bottom of the screen and count the number of arches. It was a bigger change in the picture but because it was down at the bottom of the screen people find it a lot more difficult. So here we have another one. So again hands up when you spot the difference. Some people are getting really good at this now. The disappearing great rule of China. And I think this is the most tricky one. Sometimes it still catches me out if I haven't looked at this picture for a while. So again it's on the edge of the picture. And these kind of little tricks are really good at demonstrating how our vision works. So what you think you're seeing is you're thinking you're seeing a whole picture so you think you're looking at that whole slide or the whole image at the front. Actually what your eye is doing is darting it down and building up an image in your mind. And because this is a small change in the image often unless you're looking at that part of the screen at exactly the right time you won't be able to see the difference. And as I said the first one you found quite easy many of you because it was at the centre of the image and we tend to focus on the centre of the image. And build up the picture around it. So the changes that are on the edge are often much more difficult to spot. So I've been speaking for a while I'm going to hand over to another psychologist Richard Wightman now. Hi, I'm Richard. This is Sarah. Are we going to perform the amazing colour changing card trick with this blue-backed deck of cards? Now the idea is very simple. I'm just going to spread the cards in front of Sarah and ask her to push any card towards the camera. I'm like, OK, let's see if I'm going to go for this card here. OK. Now Sarah could have selected any card at all from the deck but she selected the card which is now face down on the table. What I'm going to ask her to do is show us which card she selected. Right, so the card that I chose was in fact three of diamonds. The three of diamonds, OK, excellent choice. That card goes back into the deck. Now I'm just going to spread the cards face up on the table. Give her a little click of the fingers and you'll see that Sarah's card here has now got a blue back. Not particularly surprising. What's slightly more surprising is all of the other cards have got red backs and that is the amazing colour changing card trick. This is Sarah. Are we going to perform the amazing colour changing card trick with this blue back deck of cards? Now the idea is very simple. I'm just going to spread the cards in front of Sarah and ask her to push any card towards the camera. I'm like, OK, let's see if I'm going to go for this card here. OK. Now Sarah could have selected any card at all from the deck and she selected the card which is now face down on the table. What I'm going to ask her to do is show us which card she selected. So the card that I chose was in fact three of diamonds. The three of diamonds, OK, excellent choice. That card goes back into the deck. Now I'm just going to spread the cards face up on the table. Give her a little click of the fingers and you'll see that Sarah's card here has now got a blue back. It's particularly surprising what's slightly more surprising is all of the other cards have got red backs and that is the amazing colour changing card trick. That's Richard Wiseman before. I highly recommend him. He's very good. He's a magician and a psychologist. He's got loads of really cool videos. He's also got lots of really good books and they're designed for people who don't necessarily have any intention of studying psychology, mainly for fun. Hands up if you've spotted any of the changes the first time you watch that video. OK, interestingly, wave your hand if you've seen that video before if you spotted it. OK, so there's only a very small number of people that notice any changes and again it's that same principle. We think we're seeing the whole screen. You think you're watching the whole video but actually you were focused on the magic trick and that's the aim. So you're focusing your attention on the magic trick and then you don't spot all the changes in the background and there was a lot of bigger changes in that video there and that's the principle a lot of magicians use. So a lot of magic is all based on getting the audience to focus their attention on a particular spot, on a particular action and then you don't notice all the other things going on. So moving on from kind of tricks of your vision where there's changing images one of the things that I don't know if you are aware about is the idea of this halo effect. So we tend to judge people more positively if they are more attractive. So the more attractive someone we often give them more positive characteristics. So on screen here I have two famous and controversial depending on which end of the spectrum you're on, leaders, but they were both generally classed as quite attractive and they would seem quite positively. Now some of you may be wondering why I've put them on upside down. If I turn the images correctly, so again this teaches us a lot about facial processing. We focus a lot on the eyes and the mouth and they looked quite normal when they were upside down because the mouth and the eyes are upside down and that's what we focus on. So it's very easy for you to look at those images and go yeah that's fine. It's only when you realise how messed up the image are it's very, very freaky. So this is another one which is quite interesting and this apparently I haven't verified it was not come up with by psychologists, it was come up with by school boys but there are psychological principles in place here. So what you see on screen here are perfectly respectable celebrities in swimming costumes. Now if I cover up this picture it gets ruder. This was nicknamed bubble porn and we like to fill in gaps with our mind and unless we were told they were wearing swimming costumes we like to fill it in with the rudest possible option. Perfectly respectable, not so much and remember it's your mind doing that, that's not me. Talking for a while now and I really want to get you guys to do a bit of talking all together, hopefully. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you a screen of words and instead of reading what the word says I want you to say the colour it is printed in. So we're going to have a practice one on here. So the big word, we're not going to say psychology but we're going to say the colour it's printed in. So everyone together? Okay brilliant. Okay everyone ready for the next screen and if you make a mistake say it again and we'll see how long it takes everyone to get through the screen. So off we go. So blue, fish about the same time which is nice. Everyone find that quite easy? Okay some of you I can feel giggling but I don't know what's coming next. We're going to do it again on my second screen saying rule the pie. So it's red, you start off really well and you're like yes I've got this and normally by the second line everyone starts going a bit haywire. So again this is another one of those kind of principles about how automatic our reading has become. So when you were in pre-school you learnt colours first. You were able to point at something and go that's red, that's yellow. You were able to name colours before you were able to read. But reading takes over, it becomes automatic. So you were all then having a lot of mental battle in your heads going don't read it say the colour. And again it's just a really nice demonstration of how far we've come and again it's always, when you start to learn something new it takes a lot of effort and it's quite hard to pick up something new but this is a nice demonstration of just how far you've come in reading even if you found it very difficult to start with. I'm severely dyslexic and again I can do this and it still tricks me up. Okay so this is a nice dilemma for you and it's quite a big room so imagine this was an example now and you get the final page of your exam and you see this message. Select whether you want two extra points or marks same word. Two extra points or six extra points added to your final exam grade. You get to choose whether you have two or six extra points added to your final exam grade. But there's a small catch. If more than 10% of the people taking the exam select six marks then nobody in the whole room gets any extra marks. So you're not allowed to discuss this with the people around you. You can have a look around the room and see how many people are here. Decide whether you would select either two or six. So don't discuss it. Hopefully everyone's made the decision. So I'm going to ask everyone who thinks they're going to take six marks can you put up your hand? Okay. Nobody's going to get anything. The thing that's interesting is do you think you would have changed your mind if you were able to talk to the people around you? So do you think you would have behaved differently? If it's a smaller group would you be the... made a different decision? If they were all people you knew well would you make a different decision? And this is a really nice dilemma and it's something that's been used a lot in economics for many years. But one of the things that's interesting that's been applied to at the moment is about environmental science and climate change. Because one of the things that we have to do to help prevent climate change is always pick the two. So make the more difficult decision so maybe spend more money on electric car or make more effort to get public transport. So it's less easy for us but it's better for everybody overall in a bigger picture. So this is quite a nice little example and it's been applied to I would say the world's biggest problem at the moment. So I'm coming towards the end of the talk now and it is the morning but I am a memory researcher originally. So I'd like you to memorise this list of words so I'm going to give you a little bit of time to memorise this list now. Please don't cheat and write it down or take a photo. OK So hopefully you've got to the end of that list. So I've got two nice little riddles for you now and again it shows kind of how we think quite often so we've got the first one about the lily pads and the second one about the baton ball. Again have a chat with the people next to you see if you can work out the answer to the two. So the day before it was half filling the pond. What about the baton ball? So we kind of take mental shortcuts with our thinking and again it's one of those very famous books in psychology of thinking fast and slow and we're constantly taking mental shortcuts and people really struggle with these problems because the way that we kind of process the information we often kind of jump to one conclusion rather than another. But that was just a distraction. The big thing was the memory test. So when I show these words I wish when you say yes if you saw them on the original list and know if they were not on the original list. So start off dream wonderful participants because these are the answers and I was able to implant a false memory because sleep was not in the original list and I'm doing another talk today about memory and this is one of the principles that we use in that talk is that we often memorize lists based on their meaning. Now if you go back to the original list you'll notice every single one of those words are very semantically meaning wise linked to memory. So the way that we memorize things we have a network and every time you're reading one of those words it was triggering the word sleep. And so you're going sleep sleep sleep sleep every time you read those words. Then I did a lovely little bit of distraction and getting to chat to the people around you to get some more distraction in there and so here when you came to this list you were like now I'm sure sleep must have been on that list and thank you for all the people that said yes well done. So there's people with excellent memory that said no. But again it's a nice demonstration of how fallible our memory is so even on a short memory test like that I was able to implant a false memory so we're all susceptible to them. Thank you guys so much for taking part if you remember at the start my name is Emma McDonald my Twitter handle is NinjaCats and that's a lovely cat pretending to be a raven or a crow. Obviously I've been analyzing you all since you got here so I've created a personality profile for you so have a read of this see if I've got it slightly accurate. Biddle wave if I've maybe got about 50% accurate or higher. There's a few people admitting to it so obviously I haven't been analyzing you this is a paragraph full of Barnum statements that generally most people will think applies to themselves. Shouldn't see there's a load of caveats in there so people go oh yes that's a bit like me and this is the sort of thing that's used a lot by fortune tellers and people that do star signs so lots of Barnum statements but I think it's a really nice demonstration that we're all quite similar there's a lot of things about insecurities in there we all have different insecurities we all have our own mental health issues and it's something that we should recognize that brings us together as a group but thank you guys very much for your attention today.