 That's such a good message that AJ ended on, because it goes right into the next piece that I want to talk about. That as we sit here in this moment where we're excited to move forward, we have this let's do better, let's move forward, let's continue to be rigorous orientation, that's very sort of forward looking and action oriented, but that one of the people who has most made an impression on me in this field has always said you have to look back, you have to reference the work that came before, you have to understand all of the good thinking and bright ideas that have already been put out there that have been articulated well, the reports that are out there. It's not about the next report, it's about making sure you knew what was in the one before so that we're not recreating the wheel over and over again. And sometimes he's angry when he says this message because he's been doing this for a long, long time. Why hasn't anyone read what's already out there and the great work that's there? And sometimes he is so patient and has been for so long in keeping this conversation moving, continuing to really push himself to look back always, even further beyond when this work started. And I'm really, really excited for you to hear because this will be the first time that I hear it as well, the latest from Jed Emerson. Please welcome Jed. Thank you. Thanks very much. Reflections on impact resistance. And just so we're clear on the topic, gotta start the day off right. For many of us who care about living in a just and sustainable world this past year, since last we gathered here at Socap has been truly challenging to say the least. Many feel we're a call to resist and indeed we are. I find myself reflecting on the various forms of resistance available to us and the many ways we are called to place our bodies against the cogs of capitalism, to challenge, to change, to redirect the forces of our society and the forces we have unleashed on the world. For many of our people, resistance means taking to the streets to physically manifest our opposition to the tide that is rising that threatens to sink all boats. For some, resistance comes in the form of taking a knee. For others, resistance means engaging in political advocacy directed at those in Washington for Americans and other capitals at the national, state and provincial level across our various countries. But there are also other forms of resistance. For example, consider the resistance of Buddhist action. The idea that we act rightly. We act without selfish attachment to our own agendas. We act mindfully without causing discord with our speech. Our right actions spring from compassion and an understanding of the Dharma. As we think about how best to resist the forces of the current age, those words as well as passages from Christian, Jewish, Muslim, First Nation, and many of our other wisdom traditions have not only words but guidance to offer us. We should listen to them. But in truth, I will publicly confess I am absolutely the last person who should be speaking of such things. Too often I find in the course of my life I do very little of what these words suggest. I am, after all, a said and done, a bad Buddhist, a challenged Christian, and sometimes, yes, a pretty horrible humanist. I'm a man of deep faith and spirituality, but I'm a child when it comes to living the life of my precepts. So I'm not the one to preach to you today. While I offer you the words and reflections of our wisdom traditions to give us all guidance, let me come back to what brings us here, together to this church of the new capital. What brings us together is our shared exploration of the purpose of capital. I frame ours as a dialogue on the purpose of capital because while we fly various flags of impact investing, socially responsible investing, sustainable finance, and so on, we stand together under an alternative banner of our shared understanding of capital's ultimate and true purpose, a social, moral, and ethical purpose as opposed to the exclusively economic purpose many wrongly assume it to be. We stand together to advance an alternative to traditional investing, to promote capital as a form of impact resistance that goes to the heart of our definition of the purpose of capital. I raise this question with you in the context of resistance because I think we as a community have grown lazy in our understanding of the purpose of capital. In many of our field's recent discussions, we have come to focus too much on impact investing as a means of creating some new form of financial investing as opposed to its promise as a vehicle for advancing economic performance together with social change and real environmental sustainability. We think of it too often as simply some form of new investment practice and reflect too little on its potential as a tool of resistance against the practices of mainstream financial capitalism, much less our world's current drift toward authoritarianism and a dystopian future. In so doing, we're at risk of taking the lowest path to the nearest point as opposed to the highest path to a potentially much greater destination. Last year, speaking from this stage, I emphasize the need for us to step back from our discussions of the how of impact investing, the best structures, the best metrics, how to raise the biggest funds in order to reconnect with our understanding of this deeper question of why. Why are we doing this? What are our core motivations and intent? Where is it? We're truly trying to go. Those who are attracted to the practice of impact investing are by nature smart individuals drawn to the notion that investing should be more than simply increasing one's wealth, but must also include consideration of various other social and environmental aspects of capital investment, return, and portfolio performance. However, for many of us, the question of why we are investing with this intent has come to be rapidly answered in an interchangeable set of seemingly self-evident responses to do well and good, to align money and mission, to respond to climate change. These are not in and of themselves bad answers, but they are light responses to what are fundamentally deep and profound questions of personal and social meaning and purpose. They are responses to the why question posed with a lowercase w. They require no further reflection or consideration. They are the easy off-the-cuff responses one would expect at a cocktail party, or perhaps what one might have heard at the first SOCAP conference 10 years ago. Such responses require no shift on our part or fundamentally new thinking. They require no real profound critique of current practices within financial capitalism, nor do they require real change in our own behavior, aside from adding a few funds to our portfolio or augmenting a reporting process there. Light responses to the purpose of capital do not require us to reconsider our own fundamental assumptions or understandings concerning the meaning of money, the true purpose of capital, or the real impacts of our investment practice, regardless of our intent and good wishes. Such facile responses to the question of why allow us to drop off the hook of accountability, slightly modifying our approach to investment and capital allocation so we may think all the better of ourselves and sleep more soundly, knowing our capital is not creeping around in the dark of night, contributing to a world of moral and environmental decay, but rather is proudly parading in the light of day, offering us personal redemption while bringing good things to good people, including bringing good clean profits to our own good selves. Think of it this way. To paraphrase Neil Young, our understanding of the purpose of capital is atrophied to the point where rusting millionaire rock stars feel they may lecture us on impact investing because apparently the investments they have made have not made them wealthy enough before they fade away. In the words of Pete Townsend, meet the new boss, same as the old boss. Isn't that nice? I would suggest, ladies and gentlemen, that if we focus constantly upon how to do our work as opposed to why we're doing it, we will become truly competent at our labors while lacking all comprehension as to their fundamental meaning, potential, and yes, purpose. The danger is that we will build a house that once completed, we will not want to occupy. Let me be clear. This is a very challenging dialogue in which to engage in there are a variety of outcomes we may each embrace as we have that dialogue. I'm not here to tell you what your understanding of the purpose of capital should be, nor am I interested in trying to convince you that my perspective is correct. I would simply submit to you that from my own personal perspective, the purpose of capital is to be applied as a fuel for freedom, to fund disruption of the social and economic status quo, to be a tool of resistance. Otherwise, it is simply capital as economics and traditional finance. Our definitions of impact may be as diverse as the asset classes and investment instruments we cleverly devise and impact does look different across different asset classes, but regardless of the asset class or the nature of impact generated, we must be laser focused upon impact as change and not accommodation. The larger field and various markets of what we might think of as impact investing have grown significantly in recent years and promise to grow many times again over years to come. As others have warned, better metrics, transparency, and an honest accounting of our field are critical to our future, integrity, and success, but that success is about more than simply ensuring we do not allow the misappropriation of our work, vision, and potential. It is about ensuring our capital does, in fact, create meaningful sustained impact in communities and capital markets across the world. Let me go one step further. The challenge of scaling impact capital is not simply the potential for impact washing in the form of the absence of social change within an investment approach, but rather the absence of a social and economic critique of financial capitalism and the assumption that simply through our attempt to do good and well, we are affirming justice, advancing equity, and creating ever greater freedom, not simply for us to do well and good, but for others around the world to live lives of fulfillment and self-realization. We need to understand the purpose of capital is not simply the absence of evil from our pursuit of wealth, something hard enough and potentially impossible for us to achieve, but the active pursuit of healing, wholeness, and love in this world. We are called to engage in impact resistance with our capital as a way to stand in opposition to and in the face of the negative effects of the Anthropocene, race, hatred, and discrimination that has always been under the surface for many of us and front and center for others, and before our own ethical rationalizations to protect and defend our positions of privilege at the same time we feel called to rise up against, challenge, and redirect the realities of that privilege. The historic and mainstream understanding of the purpose of capital is not rational, nor self-evident, nor proven in any objective manner. It is simply a set of interlocking social constructs we've collectively evolved and endorsed over the centuries, and that we may, we must collectively challenge. It is a set of assumptions we're called to hold up, scrutinize, and revise, but in the end, that historic financial understanding of the purpose of capital must first be resisted and then rejected. In that spirit, I would ask you to consider this. The purpose of capital, the purpose of capital is to advance a more progressively free and just experience of life for all. The purpose of capital is to negate, resist, and challenge the present economic, social, environmental, and political realities within which we find ourselves. The purpose of capital is to advance the fulfillment of our potential as a thriving planet and valued people. The purpose of capital is to serve as a fuel for freedom and the attainment of the greatest potential for each person in every community. As such, impact investing must be viewed as a form of capital resistance. I ask you to consider sinking the roots of your resistance into the soil of a deeper resolve wrapped around not only your personal history and individual principles, but those of our shared traditions, history, and wisdom. A wisdom and exploration of purpose that has carried us through the ages, through times of pain and peace, over the course of a common journey, and into the future we know awaits our global community. A future of healing, equity, and freedom for each of us, for all of us, and for our life-giving planet. Thank you very much.