 I'd like to go ahead and now introduce our other keynote speaker for this opening session. And his name is Imad Sousou. He's a vice president in the software and services group at Intel. And he's been the general manager of Intel's open source technology center group ever since its inception in 2003. So that's an impressive track record. The OSTC has done an awful lot of good work over the years. He's going to be talking to us about the opportunities and challenges in industrial IoT and how secure end-to-end solutions will help drive that market. So please join me in welcoming Imad. Hey, good morning. Hey, welcome to Portland also. It's actually nice to be, to actually have to only drive to a conference and not to fly. So if you came from California, nothing changed. It's just raining just as much in California, as much down there I hear. Okay, so what I want to talk about today is I want to cover a few open source projects that I think, and we at Intel are focusing on, that we think are important for IoT. And they're important for the success of IoT in general. Now, this is not just an open source comment, but a comment about the success of IoT in general. So think of my short talk as an ad for a few open source projects that we really, really care about. So with that, just a bit of background. So we know, and most analysts would agree, or there's a certain amount of consensus that there's going to be some 200 billion sensors and 50 billion or so devices that are connected. And these devices are going to form a quarter bit of new usages. And these new usages are going to create new ways of doing things, whether it's smart hospitals or connected factories or all sorts of new usages that are going to happen because of whether using some of these devices and sensors as a group, as individuals, and as just connected devices to the internet. Now, open source, we think and we believe that open source is going to play a key role in the success of this project. And not only that, we feel and we believe that open source is going to be a founding, and not from an operating system perspective only, but at all layers, open source will play a foundational role in the success of IoT. I mean, already, as you're probably all of you know, there are billions of devices that ship today that are based on open source. And the reason for that, and the reason that we believe that, this is something that all of us here in this room, we probably already know that is going to happen, but this is something that the rest of the world have discovered. And the reason for this is very simple, is that generally developers and people who are creating these products are finally coming to the realization that they really don't want to spend all their time rewriting another RTOS or rewriting for a sensor or rewriting some functionality, some system or some infrastructure software. So, it's obviously much cheaper to participate in an open source project and do it correctly and use that technology and focus your work, focus what you want on the actual business that you want to do. So, but we see, for today, I'm going to focus my talk on three areas that I think we have challenges. There are three areas where I think there are challenges to get to that vision. And these are areas about open source project, whether, you know, a project they exist, projects that are or new projects or things that we need to put more effort in. You know, interconnect, how devices connect to each other and connect to the internet is one of those areas. Second one is functional safety and I'll talk about critical safe Linux a little bit. And finally, some of the changes in infrastructure software, system and infrastructure software. So, let me start with interconnect. So, in order for this entire vision of connectivity and these billions of devices, for this to be useful, devices and sensors must be able to talk to themselves and to talk to the cloud. They must be able to discover, you know, what's around them, what other devices are around them, what other sensors that are there and how to communicate with them. And in the past, there's been the problem that we've had up to probably just a few months ago is what I would call the extreme fragmentation. You had Intel and Samsung and Cisco and GE on one side and Qualcomm and LGE. So, you had this massive fragmentation where we were headed towards what I would call a complete interoperability and that would make IoT fundamentally broken because if devices cannot connect to each other unless they are from the same vendors, then it is a problem. And if a device cannot connect to a sensor unless it is coming from that same vendor, that is also a problem. So, the approach that we have taken and thanks to a lot of effort by a lot of people, including the Linux Foundation, including folks from the various companies involved, we've been able to bring this together and I would call this a first step. So, right now, what used to be all seen and all I see and all of these activities have merged together into one and absorbed efforts like UPNP and so on into one effort to create both a standard as well as create an open source implementation that I really do encourage all of you to participate in. And this is the IOTVT project under the Linux Foundation that all of us have converged on. The good news is that there are already millions of devices that are shipping and will be shipping with this technology. So, there is already some foundation but we do, there are also a lot of problems that we really need to start working on and focus on more that is, you know, in a lot of ways it's better in that these are technology problems that we know how to solve. Probably the two big problems that come to mind are security and interoperability. Interoperability is as much as we have done in terms of bringing all of these standards together, there are still quite a bit outside of that that it is not and there should never be an expectation that all of these devices will just connect to each other without some extra work across, you know, the vendors that are outside of these standards and so on. So, this will take a lot of work and obviously security and I'm not going to go into the security aspect here. As you're talking about, you know, all of these devices connecting to each other and connecting to the cloud, you can imagine the amount of security vulnerabilities that will be created that will need to be, you know, well thought through and resolved and remedied in some form or another. The second topic I want to talk about is functional safety. So, when we talk about autonomous machines, and by the way, this is not just about autonomous cars, this is about autonomous factories, autonomous robots, autonomous drones, all of these will need to have a certain amount and adhere to what is recognized as the functional safety standards. And the bar in functional safety is really, really high. And in the past, and the world really changed here because in the past, it used to be you string along, you know, 100 microcontrollers. And you have these microcontroller operating systems and this is how things worked. Well, right now, what is really happening is that in order to support autonomous fully, like completely autonomous, you know, drone or a completely autonomous car, it's going to take a completely functional system, functionally safe system that comply to the functional safety standards. And the bar, if you're familiar with this, and I do encourage all of you to familiarize with some of these standards, the bar is going to be really, really high. And meeting that functional safety is going to take a lot of effort and a lot of work from all of us here. And this is, when we talk about functional safety, it is not, and I'm talking specifically about functional safety in a full industrial strength or whatever word you want to call it, Linux basically. When you want to take a look at how you create a functional safe Linux, it's a much bigger problem than all of these small R tosses that are today considered functionally safe and safe to use in these environments. So again, it's a lot of work. It's not only code, it includes a lot of definition, a lot of documentation, a lot of visual inspection and what you can imagine in a functionally safe environment. So I do encourage all of you to learn about this topic and I know there's a bunch of Intel people here that are familiar in this area. So last area I want to talk about is I want to touch on a few projects that some of them you're probably familiar with. The first one is Zephyr. So Zephyr is a microcontroller operating system. Zephyr can run in as little as 8 to 10 kilobytes and it is meant for sensors. It is meant to do, you know, for really small endpoints. And what is different about Zephyr is that the way we structured Zephyr and the way we're looking at Zephyr is that we want that to be as broad as possible, supporting all the different hardware with very, very strongly rooted in open source. With on the technical side, the way we're building it is I would say almost in a Linux-like fashion where we are looking up front at how it is going to scale and how much you can build on it. So Zephyr does support and you're able to add functionality, including networking, including some file systems to it and so on, that it will enable it to grow a little bit bigger. But at the same time, you know, the target, we want to keep that target in this microcontroller operating system as really, it is really for sensors. Yachto, everybody is familiar with Yachto. The big difference that we are beginning to do in Yachto is to create the specific usages. So we've always had this problem with Yachto where it's a great framework. It allows you to create the embedded Linux that you want and so on. But it had the shortcoming of it takes too much work and it takes a lot of expertise. So we started what is called the IoT reference kits that are in Yachto, which really creates almost a sample of, you know, a sample of like a smart home stack and some of these vertical usages. And robotics is another usage that we are creating some of that work in Yachto. So again, it's really important to grow Yachto beyond the framework and to start giving people more starting point and work on a bigger starting point for actual usages. And last but not least is drone code. So drone code and project that are associated with drone code are really important. Things like robotics OS and many other projects like this are really important to mature to the level that Linux is where it is where somebody can take these projects and use them in products. So you will find in all of these projects, you will find, you know, there's the Yachto booth upstairs in the Intel. There's a Zephyr booth also for the microcontroller OS. But also, you know, I really encourage you to visit these in the Intel booth. There will be, there is a drone area including the Intel drone board that I really encourage you to visit the Intel booth and take a look at these. Again, hey, thank you very much. And thanks for coming to Portland and thanks for your good listening. Thank you, Ahmad. And now we're going to take a short coffee break just before we head out. I just want to leave you with one last thought as we start the conference. I heard something just this last week which I thought was a really good idea. I've been going to Linux conferences for a really long time. And I remember the first couple of years that I went to OLS. If you're new to the experience, you probably don't know a lot of people. We started ELC as a little boutique event that 150 people and it stayed that way for many years and we kind of got to know each other. So some of us when we come here it's like kind of we're coming home. We're meeting people that we see very often. If you're new, I would encourage you to make connections. This is a rare opportunity in your career to hook up with people who are doing the same thing, not exactly the same thing. And that's the beauty of open source. You can have those hallway conversations that will give you new insights into how other people are attacking problems. And so I really encourage you to kind of step out of your comfort zone. The saying I heard was there is no growth in a comfort zone and there's very little comfort in a growth zone. So with that, I encourage you to take full advantage of the sessions we've got prepared but also make sure that you meet new people and get to know each other. And I hope that we have a good week. So the sessions will start at 10.30 and we look forward to seeing you up there.