 This study examined the demographics, clinical features, and imaging characteristics of patients with benign nephrectomy due to xanthogranolomatous pilonephritis, XGP. It found that XGP accounted for 43.9% of all benign nephrectomies with a mean age of 63 years and a female predominance. The most common symptoms were vague and not specifically referring to urinary tract disorders, with the left kidney being more commonly affected. Staghorn calculi and stone disease were the most common underlying causes. Preoperative computed tomography, CT, had a high diagnostic accuracy for renal inflammatory disease, but a low diagnostic accuracy for XGP, which was often misdiagnosed as a non-specific renal inflammatory disease. This study highlights the importance of considering XGP when evaluating patients with benign nephrectomy, especially those with staghorn calculi or stone disease. This article was authored by Stefania Tamborini, Rosita Commune, Julia Losandro, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.