 I'm Debbie Woodiel, Assistant Director here at the Museum, and welcome to the third in our series of Civil War Lectures in Commemoration of the Fetli Centennial. Our speaker is Dr. Joan Markle, who is the curator of our permanent exhibit called The Battle of Fort Standards, November 29, 1863. It's right outside this room here, so if you haven't seen it, we invite you after the lecture to spend a little time browsing there. And I'd also like to remind you that on April the 22nd, the fourth in this series will be held. Dr. Earl Hess will be here speaking on the Knoxville Campaign, and Joan does have a microphone. So without further ado, I will turn it over to her. Thank you. Now the mic's on. Is that better? Can you hear me in the back? Man on the, that's all right? Okay? A bit louder. All right. Do you know how to turn the volume up, Debbie? I've got these power packs. I don't know which one is which. All right. Is this better? Is it louder? If I talk, I'll keep talking. Is that any louder? Doesn't sound louder to me. That one says green. That one says green. Oh, there we go. That's better. All right. Thank you. Okay. We can make it. Maybe I should talk like this. There we go. All right. I will, yeah, I know. I will remember to talk down like this, all right? Or maybe I might even do this. Now I don't want to talk too close because then it sputters. All right. That's good. Can you hear me up in the back? Thank you. All right. Debbie and I are frequently mistaken for each other. You can imagine we are similar, but Debbie's a wonderful assistant director here at the museum. Now I am going to show you pictures of Knoxville that I have been out taking. I am a person who has found the history of our town and my town now since 1990 to be absolutely fascinating. And I'm going to talk about not just the real history, but also the history we all think we know. The stories that we've heard and some of the ways I've gone looking after the fact versus the story and what we've got left here on the ground. As you can see in the 1890s, Knoxville was attempting to get away from its past. The horrors, the memories, the recent unpleasantness, all of that was, as they said here, the dead and buried past. It might be still a cherished remembrance, but it's a dead ideal I think referring to that concession to the war. And while the new is at once its hope and its pledge of future advancement. This is what Knoxville wanted to be seen as in the 1890s, progressive, modern, looking to the future. A perfect example of the New South. Therefore, historic preservation obviously was not something that people were putting into the forefront. It was something they were leaving behind. They thought of the scars of war. They thought of the fortifications and the physical remembrances as something that needed to be buried over, covered over, covered with the new, the progressive, the moving forward. However, there are many structures in our community. I'm going to be talking about Knox County as a whole. Where we can find the places and put together the story of the places and the people of 61, 1861 to 1865. And as I said, it's often said that our civil war past has been lost to time. However, Knoxville is extremely well documented. And by putting together the facts gleaned from rich and diverse sources, it's possible to begin to reconstruct the family stories of 1861 to 65. And one key way to look at it, one perspective, is by locating the places where people lived and then pulling together the records that were left behind by the people who lived there. It's the accident of preservation of physical structures, plus the availability of written accounts naming locations that allow us to recreate the stories of Knox County civilian population in their own settings. And this is a very big civilian story. However, it is also intermixed with the military events and the way that the military left behind the record of 1861 to 65. Once again, Orlando Poe, I know you've all heard me talk about him. He is the man who documented our area so well for us. He documented it with maps and with photographs and with diaries. His individual daily log, as he marched from Kentucky to Knoxville and then from Knoxville to Clinton and all over East Tennessee, every day he was measuring distances, he was writing down family names, he wrote down features like the creeks and the fords and the ferries and the islands and all of that information is captured in his own hand. I'm going to name names in the crowd too. Art Barker up there has been, what? Am I fading? All right, is this better? Put it down. Stable. All right, like this. I'll talk down like this. Is this good? All right, okay. Art Barker has been traveling around the Clinton area using the Poe diaries and maps, finding the places that Poe noted on his map, the family homes, the bridges, the routes that were there prior to the present day and it's all very accurate as I understand, right, Art? He's had hours and days of fun following these old maps and finding out the first-hand personal account of the history on the ground as Poe saw it in 1863. Of course all the military records, the official records, the things that are written and report form but also the soldiers' individual accounts, many soldiers who were here left individual accounts and then wrote books, E. Porter Alexander wrote a book, Sorrel wrote a book, Longstreet Grant, even Poe has several published papers on the Civil War so all of those accounts are, they name places, they name families but we have obviously, this doesn't need to be said, but Knoxville was a perfectly functioning historic town when the war arrived and continued to be when the war left. This was a four-year window in our local history and our city directories were published every ten years, well, depends, they were published not exactly as regularly as the census and sometimes closer together but we also have census information from 1850 and every ten years. So we've got names, we've got physical addresses, we've got street plans, we've got wonderful what they call bird's-eye view maps of this area in 1871, 1889 you can see the detail of the homes in which these people live but it's never all in one place, not all compiled together and that's what I'm trying to do is to pull together the visuals and then the stories that go along with them. Early photographs, indeed we have a very good history of Knoxville in photographs and then of course we've got the civilian letters and diaries and civilian and military, a lot of the soldiers, the soldiers in the ranks writing home would write about the places where they were, the family names of the people that they met and recognized. Knox Heritage, one of our very fine Knoxville organizations and I'm sure most of you know of Knox Heritage's work and may be members, Kim Trent has done a phenomenal job with the physical remains of our historic time period, not just Civil War but of course Civil War is part of it and Knox Heritage is an excellent place to learn more about what we have to say. Our Metropolitan Planning Commission, there's a website all about historic preservation designated sites. You can get online and look at the sites that are recognized by address and they've done fine work over the years locating these places and helping with the preservation. Where do we find the stories? Well, Calvin McClung Collection downtown, it's in the same building as the East Tennessee Historical Society, it's part of the Knox County Library System and Steve Cottom, who's the director there, is an amazing storehouse of information of Knoxville history, Knox County history. We've got special collections at University of Tennessee, wonderful primary collection of documents and photographs and information that's been kept and saved. It was originally written down by people here in many cases and then saved by the University. We have other kinds of that same information here at McClung Museum. East Tennessee Historical Society, wonderful exhibits, programming all about our history but also in the national level, we've got Library of Congress and the National Archives. This is where Orlando Poe, for instance, donated all of his material on East Tennessee and the primary data is still there. And multiple university and state libraries all over Virginia, Duke, Michigan. There are places where the soldiers who were here donated their papers and they can be located and studied. Also, family stories all around Knoxville. You've talked to people who had family here, who had ancestors here during those years. Some of them have family stories which are remarkable. Some of the family stories turn out to be actually things that match up with the historic record. Other stories don't quite match the historic record and in some cases you can't really know which is really the accurate account. You can't assume because it got written down in the official records, for instance, that it's absolutely accurate. Sometimes, you know, the victors get to write the history. The history has been true and that may be true in some of the situations where our folk history disagrees with our official history. And that's what I mean. Our popular culture, the stories that we hear around town, like everybody knows there was a cave down on the shore of the river and that the slaves could come by the underground railroad and come up through this cave system and hide in the houses. Well, everybody that you hear tell the story hasn't really seen that cave system themselves but they have a friend who's been in it and they're sure it's there. And so far, now there are cisterns and of course, East Tennessee has caves all over but that particular story matched up with the physical evidence of a cave and an exit to the river that's never been confirmed. Now, if anybody here knows of it, maybe as young people you went crawling through it and you know it's there, I would love to hear about it. But it's, again, one of those stories that's out there and so far haven't been able to confirm it. Now, just a little mini military lesson. There were two times in Knoxville history when we were pretty much under attack. First time in June 1863, Colonel, then Colonel William P. Sanders comes down with cavalry, 1500 cavalry from Kentucky. This is pretty much overshadowed by the Battle of Gettysburg and the Victory at Vicksburg. It would have received a whole lot more national attention because it was one of the first raids into East Tennessee from Kentucky, one of the first raids into the south by Union cavalry. There was one earlier, there was Carter up in Bluntville and further up along the Virginia border but this was right down to our town and, again, it did not receive the national attention it might have if it hadn't been for these other events. There were 1500 troopers in artillery. They came down from Kentucky. They, at Wartburg, they captured a number of CSA troops. They went to Lenore Station, burned the mill and advanced on Kingston Pike. They tore up the railroad track where they could and they cut the telegraph lines. Their whole purpose was sabotage, basically, to let the East Tennesseans, Confederates, know that the Union was alive and well over the border. He was sent down here by Burnside who wanted to come down in larger numbers but was being delayed for various reasons. Anyway, he did destroy railroad and telegraph lines. On the way, coming down Kingston Pike, this is when Dr. Harvey Baker was killed at his home and I'm going to tell you more details about that. Anyway, he shelled Knoxville on June the 20th. He was basically out at Broadway and 5th. It's called Tazwell Road at the time. Tazwell is, of course, out that way. So Broadway and the name Tazwell was applied to what we call Broadway now. And he burned the bridge at Stratbury Plains in Flat Creek and he had a harrowing escape trying to get back up to Kentucky. But he did manage to do that and there are very, it's a large account. There's a large report in the official records of all that Sanders did on this raid. Now, the other major event came in November, December of 63. So this is about six months later. And this is when General Longstreet, who's down in Chattanooga, he is sent up here by President Davis and General Bragg. November 12th, all of his troops finally unload at Sweetwater. There are no provisions. They have to spend a little bit of time foraging because they didn't get the provisions they were supposed to. He didn't have an accurate map. And this proves to be critical in what happens later. And the large railroad bridge at Loudoun, which is still spack, it was burned several times. What happened, though, when under Buckner in September, in the end of August, September, the Confederates left Knoxville, went down to Chattanooga and they burned the bridge behind them. And it had been a union target all along. It was unfortunate for the Confederates coming back this way then that there is no bridge across the Tennessee River into Knox area. So they knew it was out, though. So they brought a pontoon bridge with them, which they put in at Huff's Ferry. They crossed Huff's Ferry and so the Confederates are now moving west across Kingston Pike. Kingston, everybody obviously, it's called Kingston Pike, it's close to Kingston. What the Union is doing, Burnside has taken Knoxville in September. And then he's spread out. He sends his troops out around East Tennessee. He has a fair number down in Loudoun. They have actually built their cabins with roofs and chimneys and they are settled in for a very nice winter in East Tennessee and they're comfortable. And all of a sudden they get the order, oops, move. You got to go back to Knoxville. So they are pulled back, Longstreet, Burnside himself. And I want you to know because everybody in the room here may know the story but when I first started to learn about East Tennessee history, Civil War, I couldn't remember which side they were on. It's not like the Second World War where if your name is Yamamoto it's probably you're on the other side. It's not quite that way here. And it wasn't necessarily true either. I hope that doesn't sound inappropriate. But there were certainly many fine Japanese Americans at the time. But nevertheless we tend to objectify the enemy in a war. And in this war, the Civil War, you cannot just read a name and make an assumption about which side they're on. So I've put the names of the Unionists in blue and the Confederates in kind of a gold. Anyway, Burnside gets on the train here in town. He goes to Lenore City. He's not going to go to Loudoun because the bridge is no longer there. His troops are so invigorated when he shows up. They were not happy. The weather was horrible. It was raining. This was not something they thought was ever going to happen and it was just a mess of mud and discouragement. And when Burnside showed up, there were many accounts of common soldiers saying, this guy's great. We just picked up people. The mood lightened. The pace quickened. The soldiers were very much inspired by his presence. His plan was to keep Longstreet up here. Keep him away from Chattanooga. He was willing to sacrifice his own troops. He, in fact, it's a race to Campbell Station. And he has conferred with General Grant. He and Grant had an instant rapport. And you know, as I looked at that, I couldn't figure out how to spell rapport. If that's wrong, please forgive me. But anyway, it's wrong. Yeah, I know. That's maybe... Well, anyway, sorry about that. If you don't point out your own spelling errors, somebody else will. Anyway, the artillery battle happened at Kingston Pike and Turkey Creek. And the Federals beat the Confederates to that intersection by about 15 minutes. And according to Dr. Earl Hasse, who's going to be next month's speaker, and just one of the best military historians, civil war historians in the country, he says the whole camp pretty much decided right there at Campbell Station. Here is a great map. This was done by Steve Dean, a four-hour DVD, called It's a Memory Alone Remains. But here you can see that here is the Confederates... Well, Confederates, let's do it this way, are coming up from the river crossing here at... You see that? No, it's not very good, is it? There it is. This is not very... The crossing of the river here at Huff's Ferry, they're divided into two, and they're going to go... But you see, they're all converging. And what happens is the Union gets to Campbell Station first. That means they can throw up their artillery lines, and they hold back the Confederates. The blue line goes behind their own artillery, they make it into Knoxville, and that's where the siege begins. Now, I hope everybody here already knew most of that, because there's no way you're going to retain it all from that quick overview. But that gives you an idea of what the military is doing, and also why it's the Union that holds the town and the Confederates that are attacking. People are always confused. They say, this is a town in Tennessee, and why is it not being attacked by the Union? Well, in fact, the Union walked in without a fight in September, when the Confederates evacuated. And then, down in Chattanooga, that's a whole other story, they decide, oops, we need to get Knoxville back. We've got to go back up and take Knoxville, and that's when this happens in November. All right. The Federals march down Kingston Pike to the safety of fortifying Knoxville. They hold out through the siege and the assault. The Confederates pursue, engage at Central Sanders in his last stand. They dig in. They attack on November 29th. The attack fails. Then they pull out for Parts East December 4th. So these are the major military events. This town's at war for four years, but these are the mid-times when there are armies here that are doing battle. Now this, I've got to show you. This is a wonderful new, there we go. Put this down. I've got to show you. This is that map that Orlando Poe did of Knox County. And Charles Reeves, who's here in the audience, has enhanced it so that we can read it better. We can read it better than we could. And he's put a grid pattern on it. And I have some undergraduate students who are going to go through this map square by square and write down the family names, write down the churches, write down the sawmills and the gristmills and the berries and the islands. Anything that's on there is the label. And we'll put it into a little database, a little spreadsheet, make it searchable so that this information is, you don't just have to sit there and read. Big, obviously, big map. But watch what happens when we go in. I can't do this too fast or the machine will choke. All right, now we're going to go down to Clinch River. This is Campbell Station. This road actually starts down here at the county line. So this says to Lenore's and this down here says to Loudon. And then we find some homes coming into Kingston Pike. And now we're going to go down Kingston Pike. The troops are going to meet up at Campbell Station. This is Squire Maroney. And I don't know that name yet, but Squire is a county position. It's a political office. It means that he has some kind of responsibility to governing of the county. The Russell House, and we've all heard about the Russell House, is noted here. Ten yard. Apparently there's some sort of a tannery. And then we've got the road down to Concord. We've got a sawmill, a saw and gristmill here. And this is the railroad. The railroad did not go through Campbell Station. It didn't then, it doesn't now. And of course the old coach road was there. This was the main way that people got to the west from here before the railroad went in. But the inn at Campbell Station languished. Most of the traffic did not go down that road after the railroad went through. So we've got some family names here. We've got something very interesting as well. Every once in a while it tells the mileage to Knoxville. These were almost impossible to read before Charles enhanced the map. Couldn't figure out what this was. I think they were added later. Problem with the map is the original was photocopied, photographed in 1864. That particular copy is wonderful, but it's not as sharp as it should be because it's a copy. The original map was done in ink. And the ink is faded. So that one is not as sharp as it should be. And I was just talking to Charles beforehand. You know the CSI TV shows, when they're looking at something, they said make that clearer. And all they do is press a button and it comes instantly. They see reflections in mirrors and all of that. Apparently that technology doesn't really exist. So it's not easy to get this as completely translated as we would like to. But what we're going to do, basically, we're going to follow the troops down Kingston Pike and look at the structures that are there today that were there in 1863. And let's see if I can make this all work. Now, all right. We'll go back to the slideshow. All right. Just wanted to show you a little comparison. This is beautiful. This is the way in Gettysburg they recognize their Civil War heritage. And here in the state of Tennessee, this is the Chickamauga battlefield. Here we go. Battle of Campbell Station. Makes you proud, doesn't it? But the town of Farragut has absolutely done wonderful things recently. Farragut Folklife Museum. There's a wonderful new director there. Well, the old director was also great. But Julia Jones has just brought some new ideas in and has really worked with the collections and the history. And of course, there is this amazing park. Has everyone seen this, the Farragut park out there? The beautiful statue of Farragut. These are authentic cannon from his flagship. The people who put this together. I know, John, you know the man who was responsible on the committee to do this. This is just amazing that they got this kind of support from the Navy. And these are authentic. And Farragut, you know, he is one of the... Let's see, where did I say that? He's one of the greatest and least controversial heroes of the Civil War. Well, I guess if you're Union, I suppose. But in any case, people aren't doubting what he did. Taking New Orleans was an amazing act of courage and everything he did to accomplish his mission at that point, he did well. And so Farragut was a very much respected Civil War hero. And as I said, now we have this beautiful park which is right beside the City Hall in Farragut. And we have his home on North Shore Drive. Now, I know you read it. Sometimes this may lapse into the stories we all know or we know parts of them. Everybody may be aware that there is a controversy over the place where he was born. He was actually born near Lowe's Ferry. And we can look at that poem map. I'm not going to call it back now. Lowe's Ferry is on the map. There's a nice little square where the cabin was where he was born. So it's really not much of a mystery where he was born. However, they left Farragut when he was eight years old. And he was in the Navy by nine. So it's not as if he really was formed. His formative years were not exactly spent in Farragut. And he did not grow up here. But that doesn't lessen the value of his birthplace as the birthplace is all over the country or something that people recognize. However, one problem, very much problem, is it's on private property. And that is an issue that we can debate high and low as to what does that mean and what do we do with it. But back in the early 1900s, the Daughters of the American Revolution actually put a stone marker on the site to commemorate it. Well, the current owner gave the marker away. And we hear that it's in Texas. Now, Mayor Tim Burchett has been talking with the owner and hopefully there is some kind of an equitable solution. But you think about this, who owns history? And as I said, this is a little the details of the stage, but who owns history? And there is work on trying to get an easement to the property and some recognition as to what the site was all about. It's on the shore and the river, of course, is much higher than it was with the damming of the river. So it's a very interesting case study in historic preservation. And what does this mean to the community? What does it mean to whatever we think heritage is and how it plays a role in our presentation of ourselves, not just to people coming from elsewhere, but to our children and to the people who make East Tennessee their home? Now, this is the Campbell House, or the Campbell Inn, or it's on the corner of Campbell Station Road. And it's actually not right on the corner. You see there's a fair amount of land. There's another whole lot over here, but it's on Kingston Pike at Campbell Station Road. And it was the Campbell House originally, they think. Now, trying to do that kind of historic research, it's very tedious and time consuming. You look at deeds, you look at flats, you look at wills, because property is, you can try to track where things were in time by who owned them and who left them to their descendants and all that sort of thing. But this is what it looks like. This is a photo was taken in 2006. Now, this is a photograph I took in 2012. Looks pretty much the same, right? I'm going to put them side by side. We're going to do one of those newspaper games. Tell me what's different. Yeah. The chimneys are gone. And you wouldn't even know that they were internal and they were apparently part of the original structure that was the 1800s building. And they're gone. Well, probably. And who knows what happened inside? Again, it's private property. It belongs to somebody's home. And it's really up to private individuals what they do with their own property. So if and when it ever becomes part of the public, what we hold and take care of and pay for with our taxes, then we can reinforce the particular standard of change and whatever. And that's what historic overlay is all about. There are so many legal issues that are involved with this. I have no expertise whatsoever about. But I took these two pictures. And when I looked at it and I said, what happened to the chimneys? I don't know. But there it is. And the physical evidence is right there. Now, this is also from the side. You can see that this structure is not period. And that was added on afterwards. There was a very nice picture done. And by Manning Paul Long, this is a portrait, a painting that was done. It's much bigger. But you can see the Union troops here and then the Confederate troops over here. This is Turkey Creek. This is Kingston Pike. This is the Campbell Russell House. This is the Russell House that's up behind the Taco Bell. Now, this one has been beautifully restored. There's an addition over here that matches this and is being used as office space. This is a great way to reuse history and make it self-supporting. Now, in this picture here, let's see. You can see the Campbell House, the middle chimney and the four windows. If you look at this, you can see the middle chimney, the two windows, and there were windows down here that are blocked in. But this painting was done. Wait a minute. Sorry. This painting was done by doing research in the 1980s. So they were not looking at the original structures either. But it's a pretty good approximation and good research was done to produce this painting. Now, continuing, as I said, both are privately owned. Both have stories of them being used as hospitals. Both report there are blood stains, original blood stains from the war. And rustle family descendants have stories. There are still rustles who live out in Farragut and they have stories that family told and they talk about valuably both being hidden and livestock being hidden. Many of the civilian families had great places to hide their cows and their pigs when the troops came through or their valuables. And also, there's a story that I've heard and I have no idea if this is true, but after the battle, this artillery feud, there were so many pieces of shell and artillery and unexploded and solid, whatever they're shooting around back and forth that they couldn't plow. And so they made a concerted effort to clean it all up and there was a sinkhole under the baseball field at Farragut High School. Wouldn't that be fun? Anybody ever going to get permission to dig a hole in the middle of the Farragut baseball field? Probably not. But that's a story I heard when I first got here. I don't know. There is a very interesting story about General Ferrara. He was actually a dancing master at West Point. And then he went out and, you know, he is now a general and apparently has some talent as a general. There is a story by one in one of the regimental histories that say that Ferrara was in one of the Russell Houses and it's confusing because at one point in time they were both Russell Houses and it's not clear which house they're talking about when you hear some of these Civil War stories. But apparently he was having his dinner and the Confederates arrived and he stood up and he said, the ball has begun. Well, that doesn't make much sense unless you know that he was a dancing master. And also his name comes up. He was inside the Fort in Fort Sanders when the battle took place, when the attack was made. And Lieutenant Benjamin, who was the artillery, he was the one who came up with the idea for the short infuses and throwing the hand grenades into the trench. Benjamin says that Ferrara never left the little bomb proof. They had a telegraph communication inside the Fort so there was a little area there that was very well protected. And Benjamin says that Ferrara just stayed in there the whole time. He never had anything to do with the battle. And I've heard and read other comments on Benjamin's comments that say, well that's why he never got higher in rank than he did. That he was just critical of his superior officers and that was not a good thing to do. Well then you rave that Ferrara was at Petersburg and at Petersburg he was also accused of never leaving the bomb proof and also being drunk during the battle. And so you think, well does Benjamin have a point? And again, some of those stories you'll never ever know the truth of. But it's very interesting to read the different perspectives and the things that give that Russell House a firm civil war connection. All right, yeah, behavior at Petersburg. And then he did. He went back to New York City after the war and he ran a dance studio. So interesting. Now this place, people notice this one lately. It's kind of always been there but it just seemed like an old house. Well, when that property was sold and now there's the big sports thing back there and a couple of food stores. It's across from Home Depot and it sits there on the side of the road. It's now for sale and it originally was, it wasn't built by William J. Baker but it was owned by Baker. It was owned by Baker during the war. It was called Cedar Grove. Knox Heritage gave me this information. It was built in 1849. It was a two story, three bay federal style home. It was in a T shape. William J. Baker, who died at age 65 right at the end of the war. He bought what was called the Kennedy Estate in 1858 and he bought it because it was near the Baker Peters House and we'll talk about that one too. That's just a little further to the east and he also added one wing on the west as an office. He was a medical doctor. It was called Cedar Grove and Cedar Springs Presbyterian Church is right there so we can only assume there were plenty of cedars in the area and maybe there still are. After he died he and his wife were childless and they willed it to the Walker family. So Walker Springs, again, the Walker name is out in that area. It is already has an H1 zoning and a commitment to preservation and when the brothers lived out west in this area they had a lot of land, a lot of acreage. Being from Kentucky may have had an influence on the fact that they kept many fine horses and they were both major slave holders that was not common in East Tennessee. There it is again. See it has issues from the back but apparently it can still be saved if anyone has the desire to put enough money into it to stabilize it and turn it into something either livable or perhaps office buildings. It really is an important home and it's been here all that time. As I said, accident of preservation, you wonder why it hasn't been lived in for quite a while but there it is. Now the Baker-Peters house, everybody knows this one. This doesn't look too bad from this way but look what's going on here. This doesn't even seem to have any mortar in it. Mortar is kind of coming apart here. Down here by the windows this doesn't look too good. This guy's painting has a nice new roof but you can imagine what a maintenance issue some place like this is and if you look at it, this is the way it really looks. This is from Kingston Pike. Now I know there was an issue when the gas station went in and they did manage to save the house and there was a big tree out front which fell down but that really, it doesn't do justice to what the home could be. Now, Abner's Attic. When I got here there was a restaurant in there called Abner's Attic and let me tell you the story of the Baker family. I've heard bits and pieces of it and I've tried to pull it together for you and there I don't have all the details but this is what it looks like. William J. Baker was a doctor. He was the first of the family to come here. They were from Kentucky. He arrived in 1825 and he set up practice downtown. His brother Leonidas arrived in 1829. He died before the war but while he was here he married the daughter of William and Jane Crozier Armstrong Park. So there are all the old family names of Knoxville in one person and she was his wife. When he died she married then into the Moses family and the Moses family had property holdings in what is now kind of Fort Sanders area. James Harvey who was called Harvey was a doctor. Also he moved down not too long after the other brothers. He was born in 1811. He died in 1863. Well that 1863 date is significant. It was this guy who was killed by Sanders' cavalry. When Sanders was coming from Lenore City even though the telegraph was out he managed to get word to Knoxville that the town needed to be defended and Dr. Harvey Baker was going to Knoxville as a civilian to defend the town. So he gets outside his house and he runs smack into Sanders' cavalry. Now from that point on the story this really depends on which side of the war you were on as to what happened. He was either fired on first, unarmed or he was armed and defending himself but he probably did go into his house. He was killed in front of his family. Now another sibling was Elizabeth Baker Crozier. She married into the Crozier family. She married Dr. Carrick Crozier. The time of the war he was in the Confederate army as was their son who was in his late teens. So this is another... It's very interesting. Doctors tend to marry into other doctors' families. That's what I found all over Knoxville. For whatever reason maybe that's what people get to know but there was a lot of intermarriage between the different doctor families and their children. Anyway, the eldest brother was Caleb. He died in 1863 and he was a unionist. I put Harvey and Elizabeth in gold because they're Confederate sympathizers. Leonidas was dead and William... I don't know, he was born... He was old by the war while he was in his sixties. So he was not going to be a soldier probably but I don't know what his sympathies were but Caleb, the eldest brother, was a unionist. Elizabeth left a diary. After she watched her home being burned this was during the siege of Knoxville. Her home along with the Reese's home and several others between Fort Sanders and Crescent Bend. These homes were torched because the shop shooters were getting into the homes. They had protection and they were picking off the union troops so the union burned these homes but this quote from Elizabeth is from her diary. She says, My oldest brother Caleb Baker, a union man died during the second year of the war leaving a widow with several children the occupants of his beautiful and delightful home on the south side of the river. His widow, a kind and noble hearted woman attained a permit to come to town bringing some provisions. She said to me, Bring Kate and Carrick. Now Elizabeth still had young children as well as the son in the army and stay with me. I have plenty for us all now if they will only let me keep it and as long as I have a dime I will divide it with you. I know not what I should have done without this great kindness. This is an example of how these families were torn apart by the Civil War here in East Tennessee. Now Dr. Harvey as I said he was killed inside his home with his family present. He was helping, heading to Knoxville to help defend against the Federals. There were, General Buckner had been in town he was in Clinton for some reason and there were about there was one Florida regiment they took all the prisoners out of the jail they took the patients out of the hospital they called in all of the people in the surrounding countryside and they managed to defend the town and this is the action and if you have heard others of my lecture this was where Pleasant Mill and McClung was killed as part of it this was Frank's cousin I'm pretty sure Frank was also on the lines I always try to relate everything back to Frank H. McClung being this is his museum. Anyway, Dr. Harvey met the cavalry outside of his home and there are two very different versions of what happened as to who fired first and how he happened to die but there's no question that he was killed by Union troops and on the Union I just want to show you this on the map here let's see if we can end this put this down, put this beautiful map up again as we're going down Kingston Pike you're going to see the there's the Walker home here is the Mayberry, now Mayberry, but it's Mayberry that's George Washington Mayberry was out here this was where Joseph Mayberry's brother was it says Baker and for some reason this is on the other side of the road but with roads you're not always sure which side, I'm not sure but this says Widow Baker this is because this map was done in November of 63 and her husband was killed in June of 63 so we are now continuing down Kingston Pike and these homes are marked in the Walkers I can't read them all but we're going to be able to read them all before before this map project is over in any case let's look at now this is Abner Baker it's not a good likeness it was in a collage of Confederate soldiers that is owned by the daughters of the Confederacy so this is as close an image as I can get he was born in 1843 so in 65 when he was killed he was 22 years old he had been through the war as a Confederate soldier he was the son of Dr. Harvey Abner's Attic he used that name because of the alliteration there was some historical significance but Abner was not killed at Baker Peter's house he was downtown and it was 1865 after the war just shortly after the war and he was in one of maybe in the courthouse and he confronted a man who had been a Unionist again two very different stories in one case he is accosted by a much bigger man who had been drinking since daybreak and he only shot in self defense and the other story is he walked up to an unarmed man and shot him in the back again you don't know the first hand accounts people who claim to be there on both sides that tell a very different story but what happened was he did kill a man who was a government worker who had been a Unionist and he was put in jail this jail was on the close beside the Dickinson property which is now he was sprung out of jail that night by a mob and he was hanged on the tree that is indicated in some of the old photographs on the Dickinson property and he was one of the very last people to be buried in First Presbyterian Cemetery downtown and there was a lot of violence actually after the war as you can imagine veterans from both sides coming back to Knoxville this incident actually influenced a lot of former Confederates many did not return to Knoxville immediately after the war and did come back eventually but this event was one that influenced the decision of many of the former Confederate soldiers now this one States View this is at the top of Ebenezer right where you'll see it isn't that nice if you ever wonder what it was it has a story I just don't can't quite remember what it is it was built by Charles McClung it was built by Frank H. McClung's grandfather but it was actually sold in the 1830s to a man named High School so during the war it was not owned by the McClungs and I've never heard anything about it so if anybody has any Civil War stories to go along with this particular structure let me know it's a fascinating structure it's got its own historic architectural known architect who helped with it and of course people who know architecture which I do not know but it's an important early structure anyway that's what it looks like they put the traffic light in the bedroom window which is a nice touch you can imagine the room changes color about every time anyway now we're going to follow Longstreet and the Confederate Army he has with him McClung's Buckner's Divisions and they have missed their chance at Campbell Station and they're moving down the road and this is now November 1863 the Battle of Campbell Station is a 16th or so 16th thank you and there is General James Longstreet and we hear that he had his headquarters at first at the Reynolds House which is on Kingston Pike Dr. JGM Ramsey's biography and Ramsey was traveling with Longstreet that he met with Longstreet he actually met with Longstreet at the Reynolds House and he looked at Longstreet's map and said that's wrong your river does not come in the French broad does not come into the east of town it comes into the west and Longstreet refused to believe him and that made a huge difference that meant that during the siege he was supplied from Severe County the troops were there was a man named Darity, Colonel Darity who was in charge he was a local man who was in the Union Army and he was getting those provisions and under the cover of darkness on rafts they were sending food in so that the Union Army would not starve that's what a siege is all about obviously the one army is inside and it's encircled by the other and they're trying to starve them out and make them surrender and Longstreet would not listen to Ramsey which is not as surprising as it might seem again in this war when you could be on either side just by declaring which one you're if you're not in uniform it's really not easy to tell and the Confederates and the Union both got huge amounts of false information by civilians who were helping one side or the other so it's really not surprising that Longstreet might not pay attention to a native and he tells them where the river is at any rate Ramsey had five sons in the Confederate Army one who was killed one or two of these sons were with Longstreet and he managed to have a little conference with his son at Reynolds House and he said late at the night of the same day I left Lenores, I reached General Longstreet's headquarters the House of Judge R.B. Reynolds this is the place on Kingston Pike and you can find the restaurants that are there now amazing view from the top of that hill and of course that's what you want when you're commanding General so he stopped here and I hear there is some controversy as to whether or not it was really a headquarters or maybe he just stayed there for a night but in any case I think he did stay there but he is there because our now General Sanders holding back the entire Confederate force he has his dismounted troopers on Kingston Pike and they are holding the Confederate force back while Sanders friend and classmate Orlando Poe is getting everybody to finish digging apparently when those tired soldiers came in after the battle of Campbell Station they had two hours sleep and they got handed a shovel and Poe said to him dig for your lives this is the way that we are going to win this and it turned out to be the way they did win it so in any case we're now moving down Kingston Pike to the home of Robert and Louise Armstrong when they were married the land was for the house came from Drury Armstrong who was his father and the money to build the house for her father so it was a wedding present to them it was named after the Dickens novel and oops and Mrs. Armstrong was in the house during the artillery barrage this house became Longstreet's headquarters after he left Reynolds House and this is an 1858 photograph of Bleak House it's now owned by the daughters of the Confederacy and this is what it looks like today Confederate Memorial Hall this is very well documented cannon shot in the walls in the pictures of the sharpshooters in the tower in the stories that are told about this this is very rich in historic record and this is Mrs. Armstrong her name was Louise Franklin she was from Jefferson County her sister married Dr. John Mason Boyd and if anybody's heard my lectures on the Blunt Mansion and the Boyd family during the war she was the son of the Boyd family she was inside the house when the artillery barrage was going on they told her to stay in an upstairs bedroom and in the 1890s when the blue and grey reunion happened she was a very gracious hostess to both sides they came to visit in fact Longstreet was at that time made an honorary 79th Highlander very strange circumstances after a war it's like oh what a lovely war we could have a party and talk about the time we were killing each other but at any rate this is a lovely lady her daughter married a man named Lutz LUTZ I understand that's the correct pronunciation and had the other home across Kingston Pike with the swirly fence that's post civil war but it's the same family now Robert Houston Armstrong this is Louise's husband he was a lawyer a politician he does not seem to have been here during the war he was almost certainly Confederate sympathizer although the voting records say before the war he voted against the session but a lot of people did and then were pro CSA afterwards Drury Armstrong the battle of Armstrong hill that we talk about on the south side of the river he owned all that land and that's why that was called battle of Armstrong hill but also the hill across from Crescent Bend where Sanders was killed is sometimes called Armstrong hill which makes it a little bit confusing but they owned that land also Drury he was dead by 1858 but he came from a large family and his sister was married to Samuel Moro who lived downtown across the street from Ellen Renshaw house and at any rate the last time I talked about downtown families she has that wonderful diary called a very violent rebel she talks about the Moro family a lot because they were unionists and they had issues and they were across the street neighbors but Mrs. Armstrong was the sister of Drury Armstrong so the Armstrong family was mostly Confederate but the Moros were very strongly unionist now Crescent Bend this is a beautiful home I love the school bus out there so many of our historic homes have excellent education programs and it's a part of the give back to the community and of course Crescent Bend has a wonderful sorry this was Drury Armstrong's home but and there's Drury isn't he impressive I like that cape General James Brevard Kershaw and the Palmetto Sharpshooters from South Carolina this is Kershaw he stayed in Crescent Bend during the Civil War and during his stay here in town and it was his troops that manned the trenches that were just found on what they're calling Morgan Hill but that Morgan was the Hardcourt Morgan who was the first president of UT but it's where all the sororities are going in we excavated the Confederate trenches they're found pottery Edgefield pottery that South Carolina and Georgia we know the troops were from South Carolina and Georgia the artillery was from Georgia very nice co-mingling of what we thought we knew and the facts sometimes what we think we know and the facts don't necessarily line up but in this case it did so this was the man who stayed in Crescent Bend and it was from that artillery position that the opening shots of the assault of Fort Sanders happened now this one I'm going to end with this this is one of those stories that I heard when I first got here that the Lonus family actually changed their name that they were so upset that one side spelled their name with an E and one side spelled their name with an A after the Civil War and I don't I don't know I'm still looking at that when you look at rules history they're wonderful histories of Knoxville one is by a man named Rule who published in 1900 he lists a Jacob Lonus who was here as early as 1794 and then there's a Joseph Lonus who was probably the man at Dowell Springs and then Dowell Springs for sure had CSA wounded in 1863 so we know that that's true but there was also a Jacob K. Lonus with an E who was a Union cavalry captain this is what Rule says there was a Jacob L. Lonus who was a Confederate soldier and this was in Seymour's book and luckily there are some living descendants we could consult about all these but both spellings are here I don't know how well this shows up are here we've got L-O-N-E-S and L-O-N-A-S who live side by side so I don't if you look at the ages of the first two people who are the parents and then you look at the children's ages it's possible that that's a son and there are yet two different spellings of the name Lonus now here we've got an Elizabeth Lonus A-S and a Henry Lonus with an E-S on the same page and here a Jacob Lonus who in 1850 was 8 so by 61 he's going to be 19 years old he is probably this guy his name in 50 is spelled with an E-S his name in 61 is spelled with an A-S and then there's this guy who is Jacob L-Lonus so we've got Jacob K in the Union and Jacob L in the Confederacy this is confusing this is very confusing I think there were the two if anybody was going to spell their name differently you'd think it would be these two guys who are probably cousins but maybe not and they have the two different spellings of their names so I'm not sure and here's Mr. and Mrs. William Baker Lonus with an A-S and he was in the USA so maybe it was the next generation who changed their names and if there are any Lonus descendants here who could figure this out for me I would love to have that kind of information it's at this point I don't know if that change in the spelling had anything at all to do with the Civil War but it's certainly a good story and I think it's one we've all heard forks in the road to make it even more complicated we hear about the houses right there was one called forks in the road this belong to Jacob and Jane and it's where western plaza shopping is Jacob died in 47 and Jane was killed here on October 63 by a union soldier as she was protecting her garden I think most people have heard that story this is what the home looked like and it was demolished whenever western plaza shopping center went in which is right there by lions on Kingston Pike but this is the Dowell Springs and this one I won't show the big map this one is on the two Lonus houses that one I just showed you forking the roads and this Dowell Springs house are both on post map and this is the one it's a beautiful house I just took this picture last week and Knox heritage has been involved this property is available and it is just a lovely home and always was and was almost certainly used for Confederate prisoners but Confederate patients and we do know that through the colonels Confederate colonels who died during the battle of Fort Sanders were buried in a Lonus family cemetery so certainly there's that Confederate connection and it's this one Lions mill this is not lions mill this was actually put in in the 20s I think for the Westmoreland a new subdivision back then it's a beautiful little location when the water and today it was lovely with all of the foliage I'm going to show you one more Knox North Knoxville so that you don't think I'm just doing West this is Stevens Mortuary and it was on Broadway on Ogleswood actually it's now a funeral home but it was of course a very early house it is on that pole map and some very reliable sources tell me I haven't been out there to look at them but we know that Sanders folk came down Tazwell Road there may have been firing but it's not just this west west corridor that has Civil War connection quickly quickly I have nobody stood up to leave yet I'll leave this very quickly I hate to get all this material together and not give it to you but Maybury Asen House this is we all know about this one this is of course in East Knoxville I'm going to tell you about poor Laura Churchwell Maybury the churchwells lived out north near the Ogleswood the Ogle or the what was the family home I forgot it now the Stevens Mortuary and she married Joseph A. Maybury the second and this lady had 14 children all together starting in the 50s their children were too young to fight six of their children died in childhood and not just as infants these were three-year-olds two of her adult sons were murdered in different incidents a year apart one of her children died at 17 and one at 28 and then three of them lived till their 80s and one of them died at age 97 she had her first child at 20 and her last child at 46 she spent the entire war pregnant and you wonder and the house is full of soldiers confederate soldiers the second half of the war it's full of Union soldiers and I just I can't imagine what life was like for this poor woman but she survived her daughter this is Alice one of those children that survived into their 80s married a man named Hazen so this was Alice Maybury Hazen that's where the name Maybury Hazen comes from and this is the mother of Evelyn who died in the 1980s and this is James he's a junior he actually was born out on Kingston Pike at that Maybury house where his brother George Washington Maybury lived he was called the general for the rest of his life after the war because the money he donated it's interesting how a military rank can be bestowed but he outfitted Maybury's Grace this is his son James A. Maybury the third the two of those guys were in a brawl apparently they had another son named William who was murdered and they got into a brawl with the murderer and the murderer and his son were killed at that point and these two were not found guilty but a year later there was another incident with a man named Thomas O'Connor and this was the famous incident down on Gay Street where O'Connor shot elder dad and then there are a couple of versions when as to what happened next but the son heard about it he raced over he shot O'Connor and either O'Connor shot him before he died or there was a friend with O'Connor who shot him but at any rate Maybury husband and son are now dead on Gay Street this poor lady up at Maybury Hayeson House who has everybody dying around her she now has two more murders in the family and so that's what happened Thomas O'Connor definitely killed the elder then he was killed by the younger and then somebody killed the younger so there are three murders on Gay Street and I'm going to stop now because I'm going on way too long but now you want me to go? keep going? alright there is this does actually come to a conclusion at some point alright this is this beautiful park house that was the confederate I'm sorry that Knox Academy of Medicine for many years old photograph and look how good it looks today this is a real success story when it comes to historic preservation Mr. Clawson with the railroads you can see we've got this nice railroad signal here was responsible for this and you know the whole block here was Whittle communications and yet they managed to save the Bijou Theater which is another great success story and this beautiful home the park family they were one of the very earliest families I remember I said one of the bakers the early bakers married into the park family they married Armstrong's and Parks and Boyd's and Mason's they were all and I finally come to the conclusion that my amazement that everybody was related is just a coincidence of time if I only thought about it of course they're all related who else are they going to marry there's nobody else out here it's the frontier and there are a certain select few that people that exist and they have large families and of course they marry each other but 1860 to 61 to 65 this is a town of relatives they are all intermarried and of course that's the old families the new family the incoming population there are only 4,000 people anyway but there are a lot of newcomers there are a lot of immigrants there are Irish and Swiss and German and those people are different altogether because the old families own I think it's like 10% of the population controls 65% of the wealth it's very much a very small kernel of old families but they are all related and the park family is definitely part of that they were so one of the parks was with the deaf and dumb asylum the doctor administrator there first Presbyterian church it was James the first and the second when you read it it seems like James the family history lived for about 200 years it turns out there were two of them and they both lived very long lives and they were confederate sympathizers and there's a nice little article where a daughter reports that her father tried to convince Longstreet the French Broad River came in north of town and just like the other time he said no no I got a map my map shows me where it is anyway Craig had Jackson house this is right beside Maybury Hayes and I don't know anything yet about it I really thought by this time I'd have run out of time so I didn't do too much but I love this old picture and it's on the property beside Blunt Mansion and I know they're going to be doing they are working on it and the story of that of those people in that time will be interpreted and of course Blunt Mansion I think now this sometimes I think I've already given this lecture about Blunt Mansion but it may be that it was at the end of the program and I never got there so the Blunt Mansion story with Belle Boyd coming to visit and the officers going to the house there for the musical evenings and the piano being taken from a Confederate family and given to the Boyd family these are wonderful stories that are going to be part of the interpretation at the Boyd Mansion and this building this hasn't changed you see the soldiers up here on the roof and they used to think that these were stacked rifles and then on closer examination someone said they were just bean poles but in any case you've got soldiers and it's also speculated that this was after Lincoln's assassination and these are mourning wreaths but if you look at that today it's the same beautiful building alright that's the end thank you any questions? I'll take one or two questions I don't know Oliver Smith is listing it so you might call Oliver Smith he's the agent don't know I hope so alright thank you I know it's been long