 which are complicated and non-prescriptive. From the Euro to environment, to the use of energy, how to stop wars and famines. We're competing over resources. We're competing over who writes the rules for the global economy. But at the same time, we have a world of hyper interdependence. The future of one country is completely linked to the future of the next. The problem is that we have an architecture of power which corresponds to the economic architecture of the 1970s. Science, technology, the market and the economics are globalized. Politics are not. No one seems to have not even the superpowers, the power that is needed to tackle the problems that the world is facing. The issues are cross borders with each other, so it's a huge enterprise. Governments can't keep pace and things change just so quickly. The danger is that some of those challenges become very immediate and very problematic indeed. What are the new sorts of models that we can think about that will allow for the provision of public goods going forward? We need to think holistically. Get a more global perspective on problems and get a perspective from different points of view from the private sector, from government, from academics, from think tanks and activists. Business, science and technology, media. They all have a seat at the table when decisions are deliberated on. It comes down to collaboration. There's no one company, no one country, no one NGO or university that has all the answers. Be inclusive of many perspectives that have both the depths to deal with the technical issues and the breadth to deal with all the linkages across the world. If we don't try to tackle them in this multi-stakeholder approach it's going to be very difficult to solve them. Constructive collaboration across knowledge boundaries and subject areas is what makes this network unique. We know what the world's most pressing challenges are. We have the opportunity to jointly shape the global agenda. Hello everybody. Welcome. My name is Nick Gowing and it's great to see a thousand of you here in this room but this is not going to be the way of the next two days. This session is really a bridge to informality and intense conversation to raise that issue right at the beginning. What is the new international context and what are the future implications for global governance? Remember this is a big conversation and I would like you to try and get to the heart of some of these challenges of global governance. What it's doing and what it is not doing at the moment. At this time I might be saying switch off your iPhone switch off your Samsung switch off your Galaxy switch off your iPad. I'm saying keep it on but keep it on mute because I'd like you to feel that you are part of this conversation even though there are a thousand of you in here by contributing to the live social media feed which I would try and inject into the discussion over the next hour. Don't give me a hard time if your voice isn't heard or your view isn't raised but I want to try and get as many ideas and thoughts into the mix as possible. There is a live feed which is now moving through and this is not just for this session it's for the conversations in your agenda councils and also between now and Wednesday when we all disperse. So think of it please in those terms. I'd like you to engage now if you can send me whatever ideas you have I've already got several which have come through particularly focusing on youth and the challenges of unemployment on the global governance of institutions at the moment so there's plenty already coming through and we're going to try and categorize them as well. But let's hear first from the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab with some opening thoughts to stimulate this discussion. Thank you Nick and let's be very straightforward. We have no global governance system today. What we have today is a multilateral system which is no longer able to address the challenges of the 21st century. Let me as a kind of positive contribution just outline some of the criteria how probably our optimal global governance system should look like and we will see how far away we still are from such a system. First, a global system for the 21st century must be multistakeholder placed. Governments alone, business alone, civil society alone cannot address the issues on the global agenda effectively. Second, a global system should be systemic and not fragmented, departmentalized as it is now because all the issues are interrelated and I think you the global agenda councils are a great demonstration of this interrelationship. Third, it should be strategic and not crisis-driven. What we see today in the world is that 99% of the energy is absorbed by the management of crisis instead of thinking about the future. Fourth, such a system should be agile which means we have to permanently test and upgrade the parameters and the assumptions of the decision-making because the world and the context is changing so fast. Fifth, it has to be inclusive but effective. So how do we find the optimal mix between the G20 and the United Nations? Six, it has to continuously demonstrate legitimacy and today in the world of today legitimacy is not only shown by democratic principles but it's also demonstrated by clear measurable objectives, transparency and showing results. Seventh, such a system has to make sure that actions follow decisions. Just look at the G20 decisions and I'm excluding Gordon when you were in the chair but just look at all the decisions and what has been realized today. We have clearly in the world a delivery problem and since we have a delivery problem since actions do not follow promises we also have a trust issue because people do not trust the system anymore. Eight, we have to develop a global consciousness and constituency. Too often leaders emphasize national interests as being superior to global interests even if the contrary is the case. Nine, to be credible and sustainable it's such a system has to be based on a common moral framework and here of course I refer to the fundamental in the presence of the Deputy UN Secretary-General to the fundamental to the Human Rights Declaration but probably we need today also a human duties declaration. And finally, such a system has to be visionary, long term but we need, we cannot implement sufficient immediately so we need very pragmatic steps in order to close the gap between sufficient and where we stand now. Now the Global Agenda Councils here in the room are clearly in my opinion embedded into the philosophy I just outlined and I think we are now all very curious to hear from three experienced leaders how we can finally install a global governance system which deserves its name in the 21st century. Thank you. Let me just give you the email and Twitter address so that you know where to send your messages. I hope it goes up there but while it's appearing let me give you an idea of the kind of messages I'm getting already particularly on youth. What do you believe are the biggest issues facing global youth and how is the global agenda engaging with these issues and young people? 17%, another one, 17% of the world's population are young people 15 to 24 but 40% of the world's unemployed are youth. What are we going to do? And one just in from Roger Chisnell. What will you do to end huge inequality? Debt, reckless lenders protected from market forces, bank bailouts. Those are the kind of messages I'm already getting but let's build forward with the concept certainly coming from the three experts on the panel at the moment and please keep those coming through now. Don't leave it until one minute until three o'clock because it won't get heard. John F. Kennedy said 50 years ago this year that America should complement its declaration of independence with a declaration of interdependence and I think all of us here could be if you like a 1,000 people pressure group for the global cooperation that Klaus Schwab has so eloquently described and I think all of us here could be if you like a 1,000 people pressure group that Schwab has so eloquently described is necessary. Cooperation not just between governments but involving foundations, companies, philanthropic organizations and of course many pressure groups and interest groups around the world. Why is this necessary? If I take the five issues in economic policy that have got to be dealt with I think I can explain to you why the absence of international cooperation has become a barrier to the success of each individual country. We know that we have no decoupling of the world economy and we know that everyone is now affected by a deterioration in the growth prospects around the world. We know that a financial crisis in any country can affect almost every country and we know that we have yet to build the rules, the standards, the underpinning of the global financial system. We know that the failure to create a climate change framework at Copenhagen is meaning that renewables investment which many of the companies here are interested in is not happening in the way we want it to do. Pasco Lamee, who has done an excellent job will explain to you why for the first time in 40 years it has been difficult to get a world trade agreement and we know also and there are many people here concerned about this that the Millennium Development Goals but at the moment we've got very little chance of achieving them. Now why has international cooperation in this interdependent world waned rather than risen as a result of the financial crisis? We can blame leaders and most people do and it's said of finance ministers there's only two kinds of finance ministers and I was one of them there's only two kinds of finance ministers and those who get out just in time so we can blame the leaders we can understand that there's a protectionist sentiment and that is true when there is a crisis in any individual country that people tend to retreat. I remember being chairman of the IMF and being at a meeting in Washington where there was a poster outside the meeting worldwide campaign against globalization and you know again what people meant this protectionist sentiment that has grown as a result of the crisis we can blame the lack of coordination in the international system and say we have not seized the opportunities that the G20 created that is created by the United Nations the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO and many other organizations but I think we're coming to the conclusion that this is the problem the world is changing incredibly fast it is no longer possible for one economy, one country to drive the world economy forward ten years ago America could have resurrected growth in the world economy on its own, ten years from now perhaps Asia could resurrect the world economy by pushing forward as its middle class grows in great numbers at the moment we're in a transition stage where the majority of production is in one part of the world and the majority of consumption is in another part of the world and if you think of the relationship between the producer and the consumer there has always got to be confidence between the two and so in this transition stage it is even more vital that there is cooperation between the economies of the world I would suggest first of all that we protest all of us about the need for global cooperation I would say that we will not return to the growth levels we want to return to unless it happens China's got to consume more Europe and America have got to invest more in infrastructure in the context of fiscal sustainability and we've got to help them do so it is possible to have a global growth agreement and the IMF calculated that you could create 25 to 50 million jobs if you did that we need however also to reform the international institutions the IMF should be more like a central bank for surveillance the G20 should broaden its remit to include other countries in its consultations and have a far more professional secretariat there should be a far closer link between the UN and the G20 as well as with the international organizations it is possible to envisage us moving forward with global cooperation if people decided that this was essential and I would put it to you that the next time a financial crisis happens in the world and there will be other financial crisis it could come out of Asia, it could come out of Europe it could come out of America people will ask why did we not learn the lesson that there had to be greater international cooperation on these problems I suggest that in the next two days all of you in the individual groups you are involved in can put the case that not only need there be changes in national policies but there need be changes in the way we cooperate globally and there are obvious mechanisms for moving that forward John F. Kennedy also said that those people who build the present in the image of the past miss out entirely on the challenges of the future are the audience that will shape the next future for our world thank you very much before we move on to Pascal and Jan Eliasson let me just give you an idea of the kind of issues and thinking that's going on among you particularly this one, Anupam Sarraf saying global governance or common purposes for local governance, question there a couple of other comments Brian Whedon how do we get those currently in power to allow creation of a multi stakeholder governance system which lessens their power let me go to number 48 what are we focused on now that is diverting attention and resources from more important problems and from Caroline, Kendi Robb number 49, I've got them all listed here by numbers hopefully they'll go up there youth unemployment is a massive problem in Africa 10 million young Africans entering the labour market every year how can global governance institutions address these issues that reflects several I've already had about youth unemployment particularly in the developing countries Pascal, the floor is yours thanks Nick I would start from a slightly different diagnosis and my own view is that it's not all the system that is clogged and that doesn't work there is a part of the international system which works in my view reasonably well which is the one that has to do with delivering things food roads medicines that works the World Bank, World Square UNDP works UNIDO works and not only do they work but they can find the necessary resources they have the necessary support so I would not confuse that part of the system which in my view is working with another part of the system which is not about delivering things but about delivering rules that part of the system is not working or let's say not working well whether it's about macroeconomic coordination climate change trade social standards prudential standards in the financial industry true as compared to the past the capacity of the international system to provide the necessary global frameworks, convergences trade-offs is in bad shape now why is it so and that's the point I would like to put in the discussion not so much because we don't have the systems we have the systems we have the machineries we have the institutions I mean it's far from being perfect and the architecture is let's say not complete but we have the basics what's missing in my view for the moment is not so much the instrument sorry the instrument the engines of global governance but the fuel that makes the engine work and the fuel that makes the engine work is political energy and the tank for political energy is in governance the tank for political energy is in the ones who have the legitimacy from the people who are more or less elected generally elected governments who then drive these institutions and provide them with the necessary legitimacy and support this in my view is where we have a serious problem for the moment we don't have much political energy left in the tank and this has to do with the crisis most governments have been hit in their legitimacy in their leadership capacity by the crisis and this is perfectly understandable people are angry there's too much unemployment there's not enough economic growth this has created a huge social damage in many countries which as could be expected has deteriorated the legitimacy of governments they have less political energy and doing things internationally necessitates a lot of political energy because you have to explain to your people that you have to do things which you might not do if you were standing alone but which you have to do because you have to interact, compromise find a trade off with others which in political terms is something which is sometimes very difficult vis-à-vis domestic constituencies so my basic point for the moment is that we are in for a period of low international energy and that will be the case as long as the crisis is there it's inevitable and the question is how can we exit this and how can we find a sort of extra energy in order to compensate for the one that's missing and on this I will conclude just like Gordon did it, I think other places than governments can provide energy for that in the world of today businesses civil society trade unions groups which have their own legitimacy less damage than governments by the crisis who can represent a sort of more credible hope that there is an exit I think if those coalesce then we might supplement for this let's say government failures, there are market failures, there are government failures and I think this is one Thank you Pascal an idea of the other thoughts in your mind coming to you as you listen to Pascal and Gordon Brown Ian Bremer from the Eurasia Group can't be global in this environment smaller coalitions of the willing to get through present tensions number 51 here how do we institutionalize discontinuity including the disenfranchise and regain trust that from Mohammed Isis and moving on to number 54 from Badajafar how does one reconcile the lack of a global framework for corporate governance with that of global governance aren't the two inseparable and a couple more here particularly one to Gordon Brown which I saw which I'll find in a moment but Juliana Rotich the role of the citizens, number 56 the role of the citizens does not end with your vote said President Obama during the re-election speech how can structures of government allow for participation and true collaboration to deal with the many challenges facing the world today and of course Pascal you'll pick up a lot of these issues as you're chairing the GAC on institutional governance Jan Eliasson the floor is yours picking up some of those issues if you want well both the President's speakers have spoken about the challenge to internationalism and I think there is a great risk we have today that international cooperation globalization has been seen more and more as a problem, as a peril and not as a potential and a possibility and if the outside world if international cooperation becomes a problem we're in for a dark age and that's why we who are involved in finding international solutions international formulas for solution have such a responsibility because we have to produce such good formulas like migration or organized crime we must produce such good solutions and formulas that they are seen as a national interest in the end the good international solution must be seen as a national interest and that squares the equation if we are successful because then we will see the parliament's agreeing with certain international agreements that public opinion would agree and the editorial writers would agree of course we have a long way to go we have a long way to go but I have to pick up from your structure Nick you wanted us to first give just with headlines the changing international context and secondly how we deal with the governance issues where I of course subscribes the same theory we have to do it together and this group is wonderfully representative of the interest that we need to come together I don't think in my lifetime I have ever seen in the last 5 years and during a 5 year period a more drastic geopolitical geoeconomic geosocial change the drift to Asia of course in terms of economic power the emerging powers generally and I feel it in the United Nations with the unease about the reform of the security council from some of these emerging powers the constant seems Pascal economic woes that we are having with very serious effects on not least use unemployment a huge problem of which goes far beyond the economic area and you have already touched upon that you have also the enormous changes in communications in our lifetime we have seen an absolute revolution I myself was in Darfur mediating in the conflict in Darfur and the clan leaders of northern Darfur were much more skillful in telling Al Yazeera what we had agreed on we did the negotiators and you noticed of course the enormous power of information in the different movements around the Arab spring as to Arab spring there is now I think another trend that I think we need to think about and that is the way that people think about Arab turmoil and of course we are all affected by the tragic horrible developments in Syria and one of the aspects which is important to note here is that that conflict is more and more taking on sectarian ethnic and religious dimensions and if you take on those dimensions you immediately have a regional conflict of a much more serious character and I think this polarization that we have seen in this world also very often in ethnic religious terms is another trend which we have to watch for another thing is the existential threat to our environment I just come from New York we went through a natural disaster and I heard the mayor of New York and the governor of New York talk about climate change but something has to be done about southern Manhattan being flooded next time and that the sea level of sea rise level is a real problem this is new and then lastly women I'm sorry this panel doesn't quite reflect this but the empowerment of women is absolutely crucial more than half of the audience applauded so it's a good side so here is the environment then the real issue is here we are these huge problems and we can't handle them alone that's the I think the key for problems of governance anyone, no one can deal with the problem alone whether it's the United Nations the government, the European Union or African Union or business we all realize that we have to do it together that's the basic thing my simple model is that we should put the problem in the center and I don't mind putting a glass of water in the center and then ask ourselves who can do something about it and then gather those around the table and that's why the World Economic Forum is such a wonderful idea and this type of gathering is such a wonderful idea because you are here who can make a difference if anyone of us were trying to do it on our own it's a very simple method, the silo method we would fail miserably it is only when we mobilize that force together and then you come to the formula that again the good international solution is a national interest and that we need to bring all actors on board and that's I think what this is all about and I think it's wonderful that you gather around all these precise areas and that we'll realize that if you do it well together then we in the United Nations are grateful to receive your recommendations and we would even like to be part of it UN is sometimes in the lead of a number of issues but I think also we also very much are a catalyst want to be a catalyst for action and you can be also the catalytic force for us but I would like to see World Economic Forum as an ally in this common pursuit, thank you very much There's a real pressure emerging here real concern about the next generation however you want to define in Jean-Pierre Lehmann I agree with the imperative of setting the agenda for the next generations if youth has no hope in the future there is no hope for the future and also there are several of you picking up that issue about global governance or common purposes for local governance can I ask you each of you to build on that because several people are already beginning to pick that up as an issue Gordon Brown I think we're three of us are agreed first of all this is bound to be and will become a more interdependent world and our policies must involve greater international cooperation secondly there are areas where the world can work well and does work well but I think the five areas that I outlined Pascal would agree we're not working well and that's finance, climate change growth and financial stability as well as the millennium goals I think we're also agreed on this and this comes to this local national point that unless countries understand there is a limit to how far they can proceed with success without global cooperation they will not support it so unless America understands that it's future prospects are dependent on international cooperation and there are certain things that it as a country cannot do on its own then it will not as Jean said support the global cooperation I'm talking about so you've got to look at issue by issue I'm waiting for the American politician to say it's the global economy stupid not just it's the economy stupid it's the global economy stupid so if you take climate change huge chance for advance but we failed to get an international agreement and by failing to get an international agreement as I say we don't have renewables investment at the level we want why is there not a more effective business pressure a pressure from the NGOs a pressure from the foundations to tell the leaders you've got to go back to the table and look at a frame it may not be a treaty but a framework for moving forward international cooperation young people I found that question why not more cooperation with the financial crisis could it be that the crisis broke the tissue of cooperation no it's the other way around at the point of the crisis people were prepared to work together we had a G20 in London we had international cooperation to deal with the worst effects of the crisis but as we moved out of the crisis people retreated into the national silos and no politician gained any credit for saying this is a global problem we've got to deal with it by international cooperation what happened is people said this is a Greek problem this is a German problem this is a Spanish problem this is a problem of a particular financial system somewhere in the world and politicians gained more credit for saying we'll solve this as a national problem than by cooperating globally so at the moment of crisis people will come together when the crisis starts to look as if it is soluble people retreat into the national silos so I take a very different view that it was the pressure of the crisis that forced cooperation but as people have moved from that the problems have seen more intractable and less susceptible to the international cooperation that I'm talking about I can give you examples with unemployment which you mentioned about young people to even emphasise that point but perhaps I can come back later to do so Pascal Lamy and Jan Eliason the issue of common purposes for local governments a couple of other comments which have come through on this from Roger Alta collaboration of course but how to decide and how to be accountable Fred Gutierrez what are the prospects for international cooperation and collaboration he says on climate change and Don Tapscott why are state based global institutions inadequate for global problem solving and governance well I would again take a slightly different view from Gordon although I agree with his starting point my experience of the G20 and the crisis is that the crisis has damaged cooperation instead of enhancing it now you're right Gordon at some stage at the beginning there was a sort of collective agreement to do something and the collective agreement at the beginning was to spend money which frankly speaking is not the hardest thing to do for politicians they all decided they would open the tap of budget and central banks and they did it in a sort of coordinated way which was fine but again not the biggest hurdle in governance as we all know now there was also a bit of a good result at the beginning for instance to fill this huge gap on financial regulation I think you Gordon deserve a bit of a credit for that because for a British prime minister at the time to advocate for regulating the financial industry was a total U-turn as compared to what the British position had been in the previous 20 years so quite a bit of credit for that but the truth is that the moment we came to issues that necessitate to overcome domestic reluctances to compromise energy was not there look at Basel and financial regulation they still are struggling to get a few things done together and I'm not speaking about whether or not they will be implemented and what will happen if they are not implemented which is downstream the governance pipe so I think it's a slightly different interpretation of what happened and did not happen where I totally will agree is that in those circumstances political pressure comes from the local because this is where legitimacy is political legitimacy is will and has to remain local this is a basic principle of power organization is that power has to be near to the people and that's I think a global prerequisite the question is how can you translate these global issues into local issues and I think climate change is a very good one trade is another one and the moment you start realizing that opening trade is creating jobs then you know that you have to create jobs and in order to that you have to overcome if you had that resist trade opening this is a local issue I think Pascal I think it's about time that we start to take away the artificial lines between local, national regional and international global it's actually the same practically all the issues we deal with are relevant on all these levels local and global is the same global is actually somebody else's local global is somebody else's local and if you take that perspective you realize that of course it's wrong to always blame the outside world it's easy in a democratic environment it's usually very unfortunately very simple you point to the outside and say oh this jobs disappear to this place problems come from the outside it's a very very dangerous method and I think these false artificial lines between global and local is one of the reasons I think if we start to accept the fact that it's the same then we get in the right direction of solving problems and we also by that get away from the short term perspective because of course if you have your next election Gordon you have to worry about your constituents but this is a bit of an educational exercise which we now have to start very drastically soon if we are to make it because otherwise we cannot sell the international solutions unless they are seen as being in the enlightened self-interest enlightened self-interest cannot only be done on charity to do it for the outside world it's also be done for our own security in the long term let me just pick up because again there are a lot of people commenting on this like Lord Casanova globalization is becoming out of fashion we need to produce global solutions which need to be seen as local are we now in a situation similar to the one the world faced much earlier before the current dominance of nation states and do short term national interests override the international interest this is the issue is it not around the world young people are able to communicate globally now this is the growth of global pressure groups but I think everybody is aware that national interests will still be the most important way that opinion is reflected and if you are to have an impact all the people here it will best be done not simply by meeting globally but by using the weight you have in influencing your national governments to act in a more globally responsible way now I want to take the example of unemployment which has been raised by the people who have been tweeting to us and the people who are giving their opinions if you take what's happening to the world economy at the moment it's pretty clear is it not that the scope for America to grow fast is limited by the high levels of personal debt and therefore the limitations on consumer expenditure by the fiscal cliff and therefore the limitations on public expenditure by the inability of the private investor to consider that he's got a good project as long as the consumer market remains depressed and America is looking to export to the rest of the world if you look at Europe's that is the position of Europe as well to be able to grow faster it needs to export to the rest of the world but not everybody can export there is no planet of Mars that we can send exports to and not every country is going to be able to increase its trade so we need an agreement China has got to expand its consumer expenditure India has got to open its markets to the rest of the world and then the consumer confidence will return in the west that requires a global agreement you will not get unemployment 200 million, 80 million young people coming down fast unless you have some form of global agreement and this is where I come back to Pascal's point there was a high point of global cooperation it may have been out of desperation it may have been because people wanted to spend money I don't want to get into that argument at the moment but it is possible to resurrect that we have a new American presidency and Barack Obama is in a position to look outwards in a way that perhaps he wasn't before we have a new Chinese leadership coming in people are beginning to see the limits of what national governments can do without global cooperation and if there were effective national pressure groups then what we proposed in 2009 which was a global growth compact that would follow the immediate action we took to deal with the recession that could actually happen but my feeling is that unless there is a heightened level of global cooperation and therefore it's in the interest of all nations we will not get to the levels of growth that people expect the world economy to be capable of achieving so you are able in my view to put an argument based on economic principle about why global cooperation is in the interest of every nation around the world. Now gentlemen I'm going to unashamedly discriminate now in favour of women from the audience there are six microphones as well there are six microphones put up a bit of paper or something white so I can see I'm discriminating in your favour if you're a woman because you are not represented either by me or by the panel partly because Ene Onurk says the inclusion of women in all global governments issues needs to be re-emphasized Julia Bucknell, climate change and gender are on the agenda here but they seem to be trailing in importance rather than central to it Julia, Ene, do you want to speak further on that? there are a lot of women in the audience and almost nothing, yes please over there would you introduce yourself as well Darya Golobiovska Tatai one moment, speak again keep speaking and then we'll hear you Darya Golobiovska Tatai, Poland thank you for raising this issue I believe that we need intermediary measures to accelerate the empowerment of women in Europe we talk about quotas this is a post well what other examples can we give? the global networks empower women and build their capacity to have their voices heard in the mainstream discussion could you advise could you suggest what can be done to include more women into these global organizations discussing and taking decisions where is Julia and Ene? would they like to come in? you kindly send me a message anyone else, any other woman in the audience who wants to reinforce that point please at the front this is about a giant conversation don't sit on your hands until 3 o'clock please because your voice won't be heard then until you're in your groups hello I'm Jihada Bonafisa a global shaper from Khartoum my question is regarding how do we balance international governance versus respecting the local boundaries and national sovereignty especially when it comes to issues of course like human rights and women's rights and of course I'm from Sudan originally from Darfur so this is of importance to me as a personal interest as well let's pick up that point first and then Jan you can pick up on that point as well about how to get women far more involved and recognized by global governments I think it's a question of each of us doing what each of us believes is necessary to promote gender in our systems my own team has a large majority of women and why is it so because I recruited them and I decided that's how it should be I don't think in international we should have a quota system but we have instructions from our members the UN system I think is a good example of that if there is a shortlist for filling a position there needs to be an equal number of men and women which is on the shortlist now it's not a quota system but it's this sort of device which we're also used in the government system so I think processes constraints of this kind can help it's a structure that can help but at the end of the day it's for each of us to do and behave the way we believe we should I think there are two great challenges for women one is women's empowerment there's a long way to go but there's been progress much more has to be done another matter which is violence against women which I think is horrific and which we need to fight on all levels I myself have been a mediator in several conflicts unfortunately I've never seen a woman on the other side of the table and therefore I think it's very good that the Security Council of the United Nations have adopted the resolution 1325 which gives women a position in peace building and mediation and I actually invited from Sudan several women to be privileged observers at the opening of the negotiations 2007 I don't know whether you were one of those but it's anyway great to at least try to work in each sector to talk about it in generality is one thing you have to look at each sector and do something about it Gooden-Brown you've just come from Pakistan where you've been meeting a lot of young women in classes after the shooting of Malala Yusuf Sahib I've been in Pakistan in the last two days and I was in Pakistan a few years ago and I noticed a distinct change that the civil society organizations are being led by women that women are not content with the hierarchical organization of politics that exists at the moment in that country and gradually you will see as in the case of the public protests where every girl is identifying with Malala Yusuf the 14-year-old who was shot by the Taliban and gradually you see in my view women moving to the world in Pakistan politics I think I've just been in India and of course there are quarters in India for women's representation if I think of my visits to Africa it is women in my view who will change Africa because they will not accept in the end the old patriarchal forms of leadership which constrained the ability of people to make the difficult decisions so I would not rule out any measure whether it was quarters or whether it was other legal means of ensuring representation but the one thing I would say is that the majority of children not at school are girls and as long as we discriminate against girls and prevent them getting the basic opportunities of education then we are failing our world and failing the prospects for the future and I would hope that the outlawing of child labour and child marriage and these practices that discriminate against girls which Malala Yusuf has symbolized by a determination to go to school is one of the first steps to ensuring not only the equal representation of women but ensuring that in my as in my view it is the case women's empowerment is going to be one of the major forces changing the world over the next 10 years what we are trying to do and we have 10 minutes left is shape the landscape for discussion of governance and also for all the global agenda councils let me move forward therefore with two or three other important issues Ann Metler the agenda is being dominated by powerful vested interests and economic incumbents please explain how to overcome these and foster true cooperation and building perhaps on the last series of questions what positive role can faith and religious values play in supporting global governance Pascal Lamy on the first question again my answer today is more on the side of go local what's my experience with trade in recent years take agricultural tariffs which is a major issue of disagreement in world trade negotiations agricultural tariffs have been going down in recent years why? because prices are moving up and because of prices international prices moving up governments want to keep the price of food low at home so they reuse tariffs and when they don't do that by the way they have demonstrations remember Israel last year people in the streets because food was too high now what does the government do lower agricultural import tariffs they wouldn't have done that probably at the WTO but they did it because their population were screaming in the street that food was too pricey now on the second on the second area I don't know much about the views of Muslims about global governance I don't know a lot about the views of Buddhists about global governance I know a bit about the Christian side of this and there has been in the Christian faith a long-standing tradition since the middle of the 19th century of pro-global governance 3 the Catholic church the Rom Novarum Leon the 13th in the end of the 19th century to the present what is called the social doctrine of the church has quite a lot of views about what they call a legitimate global authority so there is a part of that I'm not saying it's right or wrong but I'm saying that there is a culture there that goes in the direction and another question for both Gordon Brown and Jan Eliason about the global agenda being dominated by powerful vested interests and economic incumbents well I think everybody's voice needs to be heard and I agree with Pascal that this whole process now has to be built on from the citizens talking about a crisis in governance and if there is such a crisis and I admit the question is really very legitimate then we have to make sure that we are talking about here is carried by people from the grassroots from the local communities from at home otherwise we will really have problem with that trust factor the deepest issue is that when we see these enormous problems around us and we cannot the leadership cannot deal with them then you will have a lack of trust in other words this process of identifying the issues has to be something that has ownership on so many levels but we now start to go the road for the post 2015 development agenda we want to have this agenda being discussed now so that not two or three years from now a committee from the United Nations will point say this I have agreed this has to be owned by the people and I think by bringing in the international dimension in our local discussions then we have a chance really to carry out the governance needed in the end with the support of the people well of course there are powerful vested interests wherever you look but I think what this discussion is bringing out is the power of people if they are so minded usually operating through their national constituencies to effect change and when Pascal referred to religious values influencing the debate on global change I think that every religion that I have ever studied or looked at or heard about has its centre a golden rule about our responsibilities to other people and no matter what controversy there is about aspects of each phase I think we can agree that this is the central concern in each of these religions there is a great story about the breakdown after the Second World War in Europe where Albert Camus the writer Jean Paul Sarge the writer Stephen de Beauvoir the women's writer Andrew Mulvaux the cultural minister they met together and Camus said to them didn't we get it all wrong when we said that there was no such thing as ethical values shouldn't we admit that there is such a thing as moral values and if we did so that would be the beginning of hope and I feel that after the financial crisis the same thing should be said amongst all of us if we underpin our institutions and there's a global agenda council on ethics and if we underpin our institutions by clear ethical foundations then we're in a far stronger position to look at the value that is created by finance by industry by commerce and of course it will in my view lead to a conclusion that our interdependence requires us to act far more constructively together than we have done in the past global problems in my view require global solutions and that's the message I've taken out of the last few years. Let me get one more question from the floor please. I'm Saskia Sassen back to women there's quite a bit of evidence that shows that women are far more likely to construct networks poor migrant women rich corporate women sort of men have clubs women have networks that's a bit exaggerated admittedly my question is doesn't this whole infrastructure of networks at women have in some very remote places of the world also and in some very central core places of the world doesn't that suggest that it should be easy to engage women. I really liked what the representative of the United Nations said Jan Eliason it seems to me there is an infrastructure to connect women at all levels through all places to the variety of issues that we confront all right gentlemen do you agree that women are better at networks well the World Economic Forum is a competitor I think this is a bigger point actually it's about the whole approach to management and governance that the old systems of command and control have been proved to be wanting to some extent they're identified with male hierarchies and male patriarchy and the new systems are networks based on collaboration cooperation and of course coordination and I think that's in a sense what we're talking about through all our discussions about the future of technology and the future of industry as well as the future of government so I think the point is well taken and I think I agree with it entirely about the role that women play in networking and the effect of that but it raises a wider point about how we govern ourselves in the future Jan Well I was once working for a prime minister called Olaf Palma and we speech writers wrote as a rubric the importance of emancipation of women and then he said you're wrong this subject is actually about something else it's about emancipation of man in other words it's good that you have the networks now but you should realize that you have a great potential in the other 50% of humanity realizing that it is in the enlightened self-interest to make sure that your resources are utilized the way historically it has not been We're coming to the end but I hope what we're doing is giving you a springboard I can see one hand going up but what I want to do is bring together three or four more messages if I may for the last intervention before sadly we have to close for the councils Aaron Kramer what does the failure of the eurozone to manage regional issues tell us about the nature currently of governance or the failings of governance and building on that number 77 from Aaron Blumgarten do we have the global institutions we need or do we need new ones and finally 78 Robin Niblit from Chatham House in London Pascal Lamy says that leadership for global governance is unlikely focused on dealing with the financial crisis unemployment low growth but what about leadership from the parts of the world where there is growth where there is employment and relative financial stability no hope or would the West rather continue to monopolize leadership on governance your final thoughts please Pascal Lamy I think that's a very good question it's true that the crisis is now today hurting more the western rich countries USA Japan and the like than emerging countries but it is also true that because emerging countries are emerging the number of domestic challenges they have to face in pure political terms is extremely high and the best example of that as we all know is China India South Africa, Mexico, Brazil are countries where the speed of economic change has yet to be matched by a proper speed of social governance political change so my simple answer to that would be emerging countries the one that are extremely rapid transformational phases also need a lot of political energy at home to keep things going law and order just as an example corruption regional imbalances social imbalances, inequalities so this needs a lot of governance so I wouldn't compare them to US, Japan they have their own challenges and I don't think for the moment they are ready to take the sort of international leadership which US, Europe or other developed countries did take in some areas I think will be there for the future for the moment I wouldn't bet on that I'll respond to the question about new global institutions I think we have the global institutions that could be used much better we have of course the United Nations we have the World Bank, the Bretton Woods institution and by the way let me tell you that the new mood of cooperation between the World Bank and the United Nations is something uniquely new, Jim Kim the new leader of the World Bank and Bankimoon have agreed on a set of projects which would be Bretton Woods institutions much closer to the UN it's a great step forward we need to work with the regional organizations we need to work with the private sector with academic life, with civil society reach out, be catalytic I think we should in the future think and work much more horizontally and less vertically we should be good in what we do vertically but we will only be useful we will deal with issues in an effective way if we work across each other and here I think this formula there is no peace without development there is no development without peace and there is none of the above without respect to human rights and rule of law shows that we need to take away the borderlines between political, economic and human rights, we need to see that as a whole and work with them at the same time because if one of these sectors pillars is weak, the whole structure is weak so yes, use the present institutions but break down walls between them then I think we could make a real difference and make sure we have the local perspective Gordon Brown, your final thought please quickly A lot of these questions are about what we can do and I would like you to think in your agenda councils about what you can do don't use the weakness of the euro or its difficulties as an argument against international cooperation the argument for international cooperation will grow over the next few years don't use the weakness or mistakes that are made by individual institutions or politicians in the last few years as an argument against the need that we have got to cooperate more globally in the years to come think of how we can strengthen the institutions and equally at the same time think how you can be pressure groups within your own country as stakeholders for asking your national governments to play a far bigger role in the global community if we believe that these are global problems that require global solutions we have got to move to persuade people that they have got to take the action that is necessary and I have learnt one final thing that the next panel cannot be three men Some of you are probably frustrated I have tried to get as many of your views into the mix as possible there are others as well and I conclude with one suggestion from G. Baudouin if only Apple could release an eye governance app If there is anyone from Apple here please tell us if you are going to do it Now, let me introduce you to Martina Conor who is going to tell us about how the global agenda councils are going to function and can I thank Gordon Brown, Jan Eliason and Pascal Lamy I would like to thank the panel for this perfect context for the next session where we will ask you to meet with your council and provide your energies and brain power to really think of and develop new ideas and recommendations to address some of the challenges we just discussed and shape a better future for the next generations Thank you