 microbes have been found to play a role in the development of various types of cancer. These microbes can either promote or suppress the growth of cancer cells, depending on the type of microbe and its interaction with the host environment. In addition, certain microbes can produce metabolites that can affect cellular processes and lead to cancer formation. Furthermore, probiotics and prebiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of developing some types of cancer. This article was authored by Cheng Lixia, Jian Su, Ken Liu and others.