 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic in hand is invention of textile machinery. We are just talking about industrial revolution and we are talking about the inventions that were being taken place in England. As regards textiles, my dear students, the flying shuttle, is very much relevant with the course Labour Policy Pakistan because the concept of labourers and the issues related to them were developed. The flying shuttle, patented in 1733 by John Kaye, with a number of subsequent improvements including an important one in 1747, doubled the output of a weaver, worsening the imbalance between spinning and weaving. Dear students, it became widely used around Lancashire after 1760 when John's son Robert invented the drop box which facilitated changing thread colors. They are just talking about the machines parts. My dear students, Levi's Paul patented the roller spinning frame and the flyer and bobbin system for drying wool to a more even thickness. My dear students, the technology was further developed with the help of John White of Brmingham. Paul and White opened a mill in Brmingham which used their new rolling machine powered by a donkey. In 1743, a factory opened in Northampton with 50 spindles on each of five of Paul and White's machines. This operated until about 1764. My dear students, a similar mill was also built by Daniel Bourne in LeMune, Worcester. But this burnt down. Dear students, both Levi's Paul and Daniel Bourne patented cardering machines in 1748. My dear students, based on two sets of rollers that traveled at different speeds, it was later used in the first cotton spinning mill. We are just talking about how the inventions went towards progress and how Jiddat was created in the world of textile. Levi's invention was later developed and improved by Richard Arkwright in his water frame and Samuel Crompton in his spinning mule. These are all technical terminologies. If you are interested, you can consult Wikipedia article. They are very important and interesting. Dear students, in 1764 in the village of Stanhill, Lancashire, James invented the spinning Jenny, which he patented in 1770. It was the first practical spinning frame with multiple spindles. My dear students, the Jenny worked in a similar manner to the spinning wheel by first clamping down on the fibers, then by drawing them out, followed by twisting. It was a simple wooden-framed machine. Dear students, the spinning frame or water frame was developed by Richard Arkwright, who along with two partners patented it in 1769. I hope you have understood as to how these machineries went on progressing. Thank you very much indeed.