 Yeah, this is we have unit 4 it is an analytical modeling and output right unit 4 will be on analytical modeling and output from the special tools right. You can see here what are all analytical modeling we have the basics of the analytical modeling can be seen from here. Analytical modeling means it is a technique in fact in the special tools the technique used for predict or simulate the real world phenomenon process and it is art and science of predictive analysis of special forms right and the process basically it will be useful for making decisions decision making purpose this analytical modeling will help a lot. For example, you have the floods for example, cyclone occurred the floods due to the floods today rainfall is 10 mm so how much area will be inundated right. If the rains continue another 10 days with the similar what do you call the volume of rainfall maybe 10 mm or 20 mm how much area will be the prediction can be taken quickly how much area will be inundated or if I dig a pond or I put a irrigation canal up to this much width and this much land how much area will be covered under agriculture where I can bring fallows in agriculture that type of analytical modeling or predictive models can be run analysis can be done for taking decisions right. For example, due to the floods the inundation if you know you can take preventive measures where how much geographical area will be inundated how much crop will be vanished due to that flood will be known initially pre predict analysis can be done prediction can be done due to the specific cyclone if you know that right such a way of specially you can take the same and like various problems has been identified while using GIS to model special process like quality of source data for model calibration availability of real world data and implementation within the GIS. If you see the process model it's like a interlink process to have an expected response or a kind of probable response for process model explain that the result can be anticipated under existing or given condition it's like almost similar previous model only right you will anticipating how much will be damaged or covered how much area I can cover to putting particular facility right such a specially you can do that right but if you see physical environmental process models there are different four types of process models we have but basically we never use all these models but the first one the third one is very important decision-making model is very important where planners used to take the decision but we have four kinds of process models in special tools okay just I am physical environmental you can see the build reliable model of physical environmental just I am skipping this decision-making process this is very important under these four models if you see the decision-making processing modeling is very important because it covers many things like starting from what is your problem defend the problem selection of data layers and criteria which you provide like weightages etc and then standardization of credit creation school allocation of weightages the linking events and the running the model I will give you one example for this like if you want to put a check dumps in your geographical area where you have 50 hectares or 100 hectares of hectares of land where one watershed project is there so in this process what is your main aim in that watershed project I want to put some checks where water should not run water should walk either it should walk or it should stand that is my aim that is my issue problem will be water should stop or it should run it should walk it should not run as a watershed component so as a special analysis as a GIS man the special tool like decision-making tool will help us like where should be what kaha kaha check dump running as a am mujhe water mujhe rukh sakta hai for that you will find the problem select the data layer which are all you should have different thematic data like land use line cover dryness soil slow right having all four kinds of data then you make it a standardization then give the weightages weightages in the sense for example in the dryness to put the check dump which dryness order is suitable that should be given priority or more weightages land use land cover when irrigated areas I don't want to bother about that I don't do you prioritize more priority no need to give I should give more priority for fellow land wasteland with I can provide some water and use the land right such a way we should give the weightages first for all the data layers you have five four to five layers we have to use dryness slow soil and land use land cover geomorphology considering these five layers within the layer again when you give the weightages then system calculate using this random model right system calculates which are all locations suitable for check them my aim is to put the check dump since we are asking GIS to show the which are all locations suitable for check them then taking your inputs as a weightages system calculates then you run the model then it will show is a geographically what are our locations suitable for putting your check dam within the watershed project or any geographical area that way it's a graphical user interface through the GIS base it will show you for design making in a graphical mode in a map will form then we have human processing model there are many friends right this I'm skipping this okay so output of the GIS finally if you see all the activities in GIS or map driven we are all know whatever you speak whatever you talk whatever you plan or monitor everything should be in mappable form our information will be speaks map only map speaks everything right so in this form mapping a single ever or process for based on its attribute but the essence of GIS mapping is to handle many attributes either to combine or interrelate to driven the map output if in single map you may have hundreds of what you call up this is my map I have different road networking right each road will have different attributes in my table I have different attributes name name of the road type of the road condition of the road era of construction so based on attribute you can separate the prepare different map for example this entire district show me all kacha road paka road so based on your attribute type of based on the type of road kacha road shown in different color paka roads in different one single map has come based on the attribute similar way what you call era of construction show me 2002 2005 2005 to 2010 10 to 15 so if you classify 3 s all 3 s data will be classified in the map and also name of the road like national highway state highway right and district over x y z based on the name of the road also it will classify so based on your given attribute map will be represented in the classified single map single thematic data will have different maps based on attribute only roads map you have both are attributes a k k attribute k k map bansakta where you get output from the GIS before after analysis mujah chahiye type wise mujah chahiye air wise map mujah chahiye condition wise comes a condition my road bad condition road comes a good condition road comes a concept on the road need to repair based on these parameters of the attributes of your special entities the map will be indicated you can generate output similar a single map single thematic data may have different like census data right kacha paka house one map census data may have a male female a lot occupation a lot what are all attributes we have in Excel no those many maps can be generated using GIS where you will get the output so if you see for each map creation process one need to be ascertain to its purpose by answering the following questions what will be shown in the map or what is the theme that is the main thing and does the map need to standard on its own or will it a part of a larger presentation and also who are the targeted map user Kisco a map generated based on that you will generate what information to be communicated to the people through the map that is very important before getting output from the GIS what what may be combined result few data lines together to answer geographic question as I said for watershed they just check them what are all they should be combined together to get the answer for their question right so this way before getting your output of GIS one should be clear to whom we are what data we should represent that is it single data or multiple data accordingly you have to follow the standards of GIS these are all special reason support teams like analytical modeling database management graphical display capability tabular reporting decision maker experts knowledge these are the inputs in fact you say for special reason system this is sdss special reason support system you should have this five capacity if you made it a model the person decision maker known to be a master in the GIS he or she can directly download that is a drop-down menu see or he can select for example she select check them as a one drop-down menu second one is their own geographically they may be district block delay something then system will and it will calculate and show what are all suitable locations for check them as it is for the decision making such a way we can use this special decision support directly where should be what right you need to generate any thematic that individually system will be done using this tabular reporting capabilities and decision makers expect knowledge already incorporated done it then directly you can analyze using this so these are the special the sdss is now it's a very big this framework is very important now many departments they're using because we cannot make everyone as a GIS expert isn't it so once you do this sdss you built it generated analyze it put it as a readymade form so that any layman any officer who is the who does not have GIS knowledge still he or she can able to use the criteria use this tabular form use this database management system then use that oh while creating the data they will also use decision makers expert knowledge also like fellow and is suitable or agricultural and is suitable for example while generating these readymade data they already given their expert inputs so using these five components you make a special decision-making system you see now Bhuvan and RSC national remote sensing center under Indian Space Research Organization they're also giving different readymade data like Yukta Dara is one tool recently launched for the means by the ISRO exclusive for means of road development where you can plan all your Mahatma Gandhi Naraga assets he or she no need to be a master for that right you do not have any all thematic data set knowledge everything being kept in the portal just you have to set up your drop-down menu select your own area can I sit banana chathaya under nerega council jagam a banana chathaya than the GIS system the decision system supporting tool with enable by these are our locations suitable to create such assets under Mahatma Gandhi Naraga scheme that is the beauty of this specialist in support system under GIS so now any layman any officer function is junior engineer any any person we need to name it they can select directly they can choose who geographical general location suitable just he or she has to demarcate it considering all this thematic data which were discussed using we digest everything system do GIS system so this system now it's very popular or now because it's not only one sector education health all sectors they are doing the special reason support system where person can quickly they can analyze they can visualize they can take the decisions right with the special tools