 Hello, everyone. My name is Ye Hong. I'm a second year PhD student here at UC Berkeley at Advice by Professor Sylvia Runasamy and Professor Skars Jenka. Today, I'm very excited to be here and talk to you about ongoing efforts at democratizing cellular access. This is a joint work with my colleagues Sylvia, Mark, Shady, Sylvia, and Skars. We started this project with a goal, which is to grow the tent in cellular. Cellular network has become a more and more important part of today's internet ecosystem. Global speaking, having over 5 billion subscribers contributing to over 50% of the overall internet traffic. However, despite the growing importance today's cellular ecosystem is still dominated by a small number of mobile network operators and most. In fact, last year in the US, over 98% of subscribers belong to the top three carers. Our goal is to change this and bring innovation and competition back to the cellular ecosystem by lowering the barrage entry for new entrants. We want to allow new players to join the market and profit from providing cellular access. We believe the key to enable this goal is to ensure that MMOs, even with a small to medium scale footprint, can play. Here, when I say small to medium scale footprint, it can be covering a city, a village, a plaza, or even down to a single cell tower. Regardless of the footprint, we want them to be able to compete equally. With this goal in mind, we examine today's cellular architecture and realize that their fundamental technical aspects of today's cellular architecture, they are at odds with this vision of large number of small access providers. Without going into detail, today's cellular architecture relies heavily on pre-established trust and in-network coordination for providing large footprints and seamless mobility, both of which are infeasible when you come to a large number of small access providers. Because of this, we propose cell breaks are radically new, but technically feasible, cellular architecture with a goal to enable users to consume access on demand from any available access providers without requiring pre-established trust or in-network coordination. Today, I will talk about cell break service model as well as technical architecture in order to give you an idea of what cell break is all about. First, I'll talk about cell break service model. In cell break, there will be three parties. The first one is user. It can be anyone who has mobile device that can consume cellular access. The second one is what we call B-Telco. They are essentially small independent access providers that perhaps own some physical infrastructure and provide users with cellular access. And the last one is what we call broker, and we borrow this terminology from AVMO, which stands for mobile virtual network operator like Google Fi. Broker doesn't have to own physical infrastructure. Instead, it has user-facing functionality and federate the underlying cellular architecture for the users. In cell breaks, in order for a user to obtain cellular access, the first thing you do is to sign up and establish a contractual relationship with the broker, which is identical to today's NVM model. However, the key difference here is that instead of having a pre-established trust relationship with the underlying access provider, broker federates a large number of untrusted access providers in their own demand section. In high level, when a user wants to obtain cellular access from a B-Telco, you will request that by identifying in cell as well as the broker they belong to. Then once the broker also has a connection, the B-Telco will then proceed and provide user with cellular access. And when the user is done with cellular access, the B-Telco will be paid by the broker according to the model traffic that is carried for the user, and then the broker will then charge users accordingly. Everything happens here in an own demand fashion. Next, I'll talk about in high level cell breaks architecture. Today's AVMO architecture, we have a bulky network in the sense that it contains all sorts of different functionality from user mobility, data plan, control plan to user management. And when you come to AVMO, even though it may bring some new service model or business opportunity, it doesn't really change the architecture, per se, because as you can see here, the network is still bulky containing all the functionality, and even though AVMO may sometimes offload part of the user management function. In cell breaks, we advocate a radically new architecture in the sense that we move the mobility and user management out of the network into the UE and the broker. By doing so, we allow a network to be much simpler, and this actually leads to a much more scalable architecture. To sum up, cell break is a radically new cell architecture that we believe to bring three major benefits. The first one is to lower the barrier to entry for new operators by essentially removing the requirement of pretty separate trust and in-level coordination. And the second one is to lead to more efficient use of the infrastructure because we allow any user to consume access from any access provider. And lastly, because we move mobility and user management out of the network, we actually have a much simpler and scalable infrastructure. And that's all. Thank you so much.