 Hello everybody and welcome to the class once again. I hope that these classes are actually helping you speak better Japanese and you are learning a lot of things here. So well, we will do something new today. We will learn new forms, new vocabulary, new kanji characters but before that we will go over our assignments as we always do. So well, let us see what we have done. So the first assignment that we have here is readings for the kanjis and there was something in column B over here, they were all jumbled up. So you have to get the correct reading for the kanji characters. So the first one is kuruma which is of course over here, you can see. Second is mizu, now it is very interesting. You have done this kanji character of atsui also and I am sure you remember it also that what it means, it means hot. So if you want hot water in Japan, you would naturally say atsui mizu because you have done this word for hot which is atsui but for hot water it is not atsui mizu but it is o-yu. So whenever you want hot water in Japan, please say o-yu onegaishimasu and not atsui mizu onegaishimasu. Please remember that, then we have suki, suki is like as you all know, you can like a thing, you can like a person, suki desu that is the pronunciation, hatsu on. Then we have onna, one thing I would like to tell you over here is that please do not use onna for a lady. Onna is too direct though the meaning is woman but it does not sound very nice if you say onna. It is always onnanohito or jyusei which we did in one of our previous lessons. Then we have haa and of course haa is very informal for your own mother. You could also say kaasan and for someone else's mother you would say okaasan, please remember. Then we have haru which is spring and fuyu which is winter and then soto this was just there to confuse you a little. Well over here take the correct reading from the brackets, so well, Gakusei wa benkyou shite imasu. Tomodachi wa ima doko desu ka, watashi wa mainichi chikatetsu de kaisha e ikimasu. Chika means underground, tetsu means iron and rails are made of iron, so well chikatetsu is underground railway system. Mainichi is every day chikatetsu de mode of transport. Rao san wa toki doki hitori de means alone, toki doki is sometimes. Then we have sensei wa raigetsu kara ichi-nenkan Amerika ni imasu. So raigetsu kara from next month ichi-nenkan Amerika ni imasu. Kippu wa nam-mai arimasu ka? Because kippu it is flat, mai is used counter, mai is used kippu wa nam-mai arimasu ka? Rao san ega no kippu nam-mai arimasu ka can also be used while during conversation. Bus no naka ni dare mo inakatta dare mo no one. Inakatta you can see you can also end your sentence in plain form, it is informal otherwise mass form is always used. Then Michiko san wa kino tomodachi to ichi-jikan denwa de again denwa de with something you perform and activity. Then shumatsu ni pikniku e ikimashou. And otou san no kekkon kinenbi no party wa doko de yarimashouka? Doko de place de. Again you have a day over here. Yarimashou is informal for shimasu. So yarimashouka you are talking amongst family, so well with family members, so well yarimashouka. Now we have kanji characters and the readings are given over here. Let us see what it is. Yasui, kaeru, annai, jidousha. Jidousha is something that operates on its own which is a vehicle on wheels. Something that moves on its own on wheels is jidousha, generally cars. Then we have okane, nenkin, den is here and kin is money, so yearly or annually. Then osougatsu, matsuri, eki, densha and jibun. Jibun means oneself. Then we have write the readings for the kanji words underlined. So kuchi wo akete tabenai de kudasai. The words are given over here. You can check them out. There are nine words given and I think there are eight questions, so well one is extra and you can cut that out. Hana wa kirei desu, bus wa mainichi osoi desu, suika wa takai desu, watashi wa yasui mono o kaimasen, sumimasen, goannaishite kuremasen ka. Now you have done this word kuremasu. This is to give to someone who is lower in age and rank to you. You have also done verb in te form plus kudasai or imasu. So joining verbs in te form, you have already done over here. That is exactly what we are doing, shite kuremasen ka. Please will you kindly do this for me. So when you are asking for a favor, your position is lower and thus you will use kuremasen ka and masen ka of course is very very polite as we did much earlier. Then we have natsu wa atsui desu and ashita ega wo mini ikimashou. So they are here, you can check them out and tick the correct reading. Then there was translation for you, the translation is given. I will go home and sleep for a little while, watashi wa uchi e kaette chotto nemasu little while. This novel is interesting, kono shousetsu wa omoshiroi desu. I am a little busy, watashi wa chotto isogashi desu. Please put the pencil on the box, enpitsu wo hako no ue ni oite kudasai. The verb over here is oku, okyu to put. I wrote my name on the paper, watashi wa jibun no namae wo yoshi ni kakimashita. On the yoshi, yoshi is a sheet. Please write your name on this sheet, kono yoshi ni namae wo kakite kudasai, it is a request. Why are you going to the library, dou shite toshokane ikimasu ka? Why are you late, dou shite osoi desu ka? What are your hobbies, shumi wa nandesu ka? I reach the station at 8 o'clock. Watashi wa hachi-ji ni eki ni tsukimashita, there are two knees over here, kono ni wa jikan no ni desu, time no ni desu, kono ni wa tsukimashita no ni desu. You will always use ni before tsukimashita, tsukimashita is to reach, place ni tsukimashita. I cannot eat meat, cannot watashi wa niku ga taberare masen. You are stating a fact very emphatically, thus ga is used over here. You have more assignments, fill in the blanks with appropriate particles and question words. Do-yatte koko kara jimushitsu e ikimasu ka, do-yatte is how? Not by what means or mode of transport. How do you get to the jimushitsu from here? So, basically for directions, achira no kata wa donata-sama desu ka, donata is polite for dare, as I have been telling you all along, and sama is polite for san, kasa-osoko ni oite kudasai, place ni oku. Then okaasan wa maitoshi watashi ni otoshidama wo kuremasu, she gives ni. Also you can say okaasan wa maitoshi watashi ni otoshidama wo oku te kuremasu, she sends to me. So, again as we did te kuremasu in our previous exercise, you can also use te kuremasu over here. Koko ni onamai to goju-shou wo kaite kudasai, o and go over here are used for politeness, for respect onamai and goju-shou is used for someone else. Please do not use this for yourself, for your name and your address. Nanika sumetai mono ga arimasu ka, nanika something, minasan no shumi wa nandesu ka, dareka to doko ka e ikitai, dareka to doko ka e ikitai, kino donna ega wo mimashita ka, ototoi watashi wa dokoe mo ikana katta. As you can see over here, you can again end your sentence in plain form instead of mass form that is used normally only it is a little direct and informal. Now change the form and make proper sentences using verb plus ni form. Nani wo shi ni ikimashita ka kutsu wo kai ni ikimashita, dou shite ga ko e ikimasu ka benkyou shi ni ga ko e ikimasu, kazoku to issho ni goa e ikimasu, goa e asobi ni ikimashita. Then ashita kaimono ni or kaimono wo shi ni ikimasu, ni central market e ikimasu. You can also add that. Then dou shite ko e ikimasu ka, sanpo shi ni ikimasu, tomodachi to restaurant e ikimashita, dou shite to drink, tomodachi to nomini restaurant e ikimashita, otou san to ega kan e ikimashita, otou san to ega wo mimi ikimashita. Then kazoku to restaurant e ikimashita, to do what, to eat, kazoku to issho ni restaurant e ikimashita, taben ni ikimashita. Then we have kino ga ko e ikimashita, to meet the teacher kino sensei ni ai ni ga ko e ikimashita. So well, you will see something over here. You will notice that is why the reason I have put assignment 3 over here is you will notice that all the time one verb only comes, ikimashita. So what is the reason? Tabe ni ai ni ikimasu, kaimono wo shi ni ikimasu, restaurant e taben ni ikimasu. So what is it? Well, verb plus ni plus iku, always it is like this, watashi wa restaurant e taben ni ikimasu, ai ni ikimasu, nomini ikimasu or any of these examples that are given over here. Why is ikimasu over here? Well, with this pattern, what do you show? You generally show that a certain activity is being done. There is a purpose for performing a certain activity. Now what are these? We have done this earlier. These are, this is a motion verb, ikukuru and kairu are motion verbs. Now what does a motion verb mean? It means that you are moving from one place to another. Some movement is happening in a certain direction. Now you would say that to run is also a motion verb. Some motion is happening, some action is happening in a direction. To walk is also the same. To jog could also be a motion verb. Motion could also be a motion action. Why does it not fall in that category? Well, with ikukuru and kairu, you are going in a certain direction with jogging, with running, with walking or with maybe swimming, which could also be interpreted as an action verb. There is a specific manner in which that action is being performed. So though it looks like that it is a motion verb, it does not fall in that category as you can read over here. Now when you want to use another verb instead of ikimasu, kimasu or kairimasu, what do you do? You cannot use this pattern because this pattern only comes with this. So another way, for example, if you want to say watashi wa kamura wo kaimashita, now why would you buy a camera? To take photographs, watashi wa kodomo no shashin wo toritai. I want to take his photographs, watashi wa kamura wo kaimashita. I bought a camera. So well, watashi wa kodomo no shashin wo toritai. Now you cannot use this form. So what is the form? There is no iku over here. So what do we do? Watashi wa shi wa kodomo no shashin wo torutame ni kamura wo kaimashita. So over here, what can you see? Your purpose is very very clear. Why you performed a certain activity, why you did this is very clear. That to take photographs, I bought a camera. So now you will see the difference in these two. Over here, verb plus ni form will only take iku and if you want to use another verb, then tame ni is going to be used both show purpose, but there is a slight difference. You can see from the examples, nihonjin to hanasu tame ni ima nihongo wo benkyou shite imasu. Now if I ask you, why are you learning Japanese? So you can give me a number of reasons. You want to read Japanese, you want to talk to Japanese people, you want to go to Japan. So now you cannot say ikimasu, then you will use tame ni, I am doing a certain activity as is given over here in this example. Then shoudou suru tame ni fude wo kaimashita, shoudou is calligraphy, fude is brush. So for the purpose of doing calligraphy, I bought brushes, jikken no shashi no suru tame ni kamera wo kaimashita. So with the purpose, I bought a camera. So now you can use tame ni very clearly. You can also practice over here. We have done this photograph a number of times. He is ringing up someone, tomodachi to au yakusoku wo suru tame ni for the purpose of fixing a program suru tame ni denwa wo shimashita. For this purpose, I am ringing up my friend. Over here he is having medicine. This photograph also you have done a number of times. Hayaku genki ni naru tame ni kusuri wo nomimashita to get better quickly I am having medicine. So you can use tame ni like this and now I am sure you have understood how verb ni plus iku and verb tame ni can be used. Also please remember with tame ni as you can see over here verb is always in plain form. Now we will just do this small dialogue over here, listen to it carefully and then I will explain. So I am sure everything was clear. We have done all of it except for these two things, one motto and atsuku narimasu. Anyway I will read it once again to you, kyou wa kino yori atsui desu ne, we did yori last time. Kyou wa kino yori atsui desu ne, today it is hotter than yesterday, so desu ne demo ashita motto atsuku narimasu. Honto desu ka, really honto desu yo, kesa teribi de kiki mashita I heard today in the morning on television. So simple conversation I will just explain motto atsuku, this is of course in the script you can go over it do your hiragana and kanji and of course your katakana, this is your explanation but again I would like to tell you that this is what you would say in English somewhat this is what you would say in English not a literal translation of what is given in Japanese. Some places there is a literal translation and some places what you would say in English because it sounds seems a little strange if you translate it completely. Now there was this word narimasu or you could say the verb narimasu. Narimasu means to become to express some change or transformation in the present state as is written over here narimasu is used it translates to become to appear to seem in English. Now you have done atsui, samui, takai, yasui these adjectives you have done if you remember yasu is cheap, hot, cold and expensive and so many others akai, red. So when you want to change an adjective into an adverb what do you do? You remove the i from here and put ku and that makes it an adverb. Now if you put narimasu over here narimasu so something has become cheap something or hon yasuko narimasu ta it has become cheap, ringo. Actually the apple is green so ima midori desu ringo wa akaku narimashita it means that it has become red ima atsuku narimashita it has become hot ashta samuku narimasu tomorrow it is going to be cold toke wa or instead of toke yasai wa takaku narimashita. So narimasu means to become and you can use it like this you can see that how nouns and adjectives can be used with narimasu atsuku narimashita it has become hot watashi wa sensei ni naritai I want to become a teacher. So when you are using it with nouns then ni is going to be used sensei ni naritai sensei ni narimasu sensei ni narimashita i hito ni narimashita or over here with na adjectives yume ni narimashita rippa ni narimashita because nouns and na adjectives follow a similar pattern. So please remember with i adjectives remove the i putku and narimasu with noun add ni before narimasu and with na adjectives again add ni before narimasu. You can practice now there is this picture of Rao san in a plaster and then he becomes alright. So Rao san wa genki ni narimashita as we did earlier then there is a teacher classroom seen over here Shorai sensei ni narimasu in the future I will become a teacher. Then you have someone really sweating and it is really hot over here so well atsuku narimashita it has become very hot and then we have another picture over here of someone who is feeling very cold has a cap and a coat on so well that is samuku narimashita it has become very very cold. Last time in our last class we did comparisons and one of the words that we did was ichibi banu. These are simple yori then we also did nohou ga or dochira all these words we did last time. So well today there is another word for you you can see over here it is motto. Motto means more this is also for comparison means more than something. So well you can see from the example kono jisho wa ano jisho yori motto furui desu it is more furui or old than this jisho or this dictionary. This dictionary is much older than that dictionary and also ringo wa yasui desu. Apples are cheap a simple statement ringo wa motto yasui desu. Apples are cheaper and of course from this you can easily make out that you are comparing ringo wa motto yasui desu than of course something. So you can also use motto it comes before the adjective and shows degree. This now there is this book there are two books over here one is old one is a little new. So well sono hon wa kono hon yori motto furui desu. Again you have two cameras one a little old and one may be much of a much later date. So well sono camera wa kono camera yori motto furui. Now you have done intention how to show intention how to show that I want this or I want to do something you have done with verb tai form and hoshi desu. So well there is something else today for you we are going to do sumori as you can see and sumori is your intention what you intend to do or what you believe you want to do. So with sumori you can easily express intention. Now because it is your intention what you want to do thus it is used in first person by the speaker and if you want to ask someone as to what their intention is what they plan to do well then you can ask it in question form. How do you sumori desu ka? Watashi wa ashita iku sumori desu. I intend to go tomorrow or ashita ikanai sumori desu. I do not intend to go tomorrow. So well you will notice that again it is in plain form over here verb is in plain form. Now this is for myself for first person for the speaker. If ashita iku sumori desu ka Rao san ashita iku sumori desu ka do you plan to go tomorrow do you intend to go tomorrow. So then it is with question ka for first person and second person because you do not know the intention of the other party. So well see from the example watashi wa ashita iku sumori desu. I intend to go tomorrow. Ashita iku sumori desu ka do you intend to go tomorrow. So when you are asking about someone as you do not know about the intention thus ka is used watashi wa ashita kaisha e iku sumori ga nai. I have no intentions of going to office tomorrow. So that is how you will use sumori. You can practice over here. You can ask anyone what their intention is what they plan to do. As you can see over here Rao san pati ni nani wo kirutsumori desu ka please remember sumori will always take a plain verb in plain form. As you can see over here as well Rao san pati ni nani wo kirutsumori desu ka watashi wa yofuku yori インドの伝統的服が suki desu kara sore ni shimasu. I will decide on that or you could also say it very simply kuni no bento teki na fuku ni shimasu. Dento teki is traditional fuku ni shimasu, fuku is clothes, yofuku is western clothes. So well Rao san wa インド人 desu kara インドの伝統的服に shimasu. sore wo kitai kara sore ni shimasu. Ashita nani wo suru tsumori desu ka? What do you plan to do tomorrow? Kamera wo kautsumori desu. Or kai ni ikimasu. You could use any of these. Ashita nani wo suru tsumori desu ka? Kuruma wo kautsumori desu. Kuruma wo kai ni ikimasu. Ashita nani wo suru tsumori desu ka? Ongaku kai ni iku tsumori desu. Or nani wo suru tsumori desu ka? Dokoe mo ikanai tsumori desu. I don't plan to go anywhere. So you can also use tsumori like this. All these are used in daily conversation. Thus it is important to learn these and practice these as well. Now you can practice your tsumori. There is this simple picture over here of Mariko san and Taro-kun or Tanaka san and Neha san and they are thinking of computer and camera. So let us see what the question is. Hajimete no kyuuryo de nani wo kaimasu ka? Hajimete is first, kyuuryo is salary, nani wo kaimasu ka? Well, what does she say? Computer wo kautsumori desu. I intend to buy a computer and then Rao san, camera wo kautsumori desu ka? Now you can see the question over here because you are asking about someone else's intention. Rao san, camera wo kautsumori desu ka? Hai, sou desu ashta kai ni ikimasu. I will go tomorrow to buy it. So you can use these very freely, very nicely. I am trying to show it to you how it is to be done and you can do your conversation. Now what does this look like? This is a coffee shop, you can see the waiter over here and Tanaka san is asking something. Now what does he say? Omatase shimashita gochumon onegai shimasu. So he says, I am sorry to have kept you waiting, please tell me what you want. One is order. What do you want to order? Well, he says, kohi onegai shimasu, please get me coffee. You could also say, kohi to keiki onegai shimasu. So this is a simple way of ordering at the restaurant. Now we do kanji all the time. These kanjis you have done, these characters you have done earlier, I will just make them for you. Do you remember doing this all of you? What does this look like? Nichi, what does this look like? Do-yobi or tsuchi which is soy. We did this with omiyage as well and do-yobi. So well, we join these and make atsui, simple and one more nichi over here. So two nichis plus a do-yobi and you cut it in between and that is how atsui is to be made once again and atsui. So let us see how many strokes are there. We have 12 strokes, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 strokes to this character. Then we have another one and this is important because I am going to tell you koto waza with this. So well, 1, 2 and you remember doing this to you, all of you, I am sure. Don't you remember doing this? This is kuchi, this is ishi over here together means a stone. How many strokes to this character? Well, 5, now we have kiku which means to hear or listen. You have done this character, this looks like a gate, isn't it? And you have also done this character which is mimi. So well, join these two and mimi. So that is how you will get kiku. Once again for you, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. So that is how it is a 14 stroke character. Let us see what this says. Yes, it is a 14 stroke character. So please try to remember, all these are there in your lesson, atsui, ishi and kiku. Ishi is going to come now. Now I also want to tell you something over here. Look at this dialogue. It is a simple dialogue but something very interesting. Rao san, hirugoha no tabemashouka, sumimasen, watashi wa mou tabemashita. I am sure you can make out from my expression what mou means, can you tell me? Well, it means already watashi wa mou tabemashita. I have already had my food. This is the translation in English. You can go over it. See it now. Oto-san, mou hachi-ji desu, hayaku ikimashou, sou yo. So well, oto-san mou hachi-ji desu, it is already 8 o'clock. Hayaku ikimashou, let us go very, very quickly. Sou yo. Rao san says, sou yo, ya that is true, hayaku ikanai to, osoku narimasu. You have done, which means to be late and ku narimasu. We did in this lesson earlier, hayaku ikanai to, if I do not go quickly, then if, in case, then osoku narimasu. So well, sou yo, hayaku ikanai to, if I do not go early, then osoku narimasu. If I do not go quickly, then osoku narimasu. So please, mou over here, mou means already. This is the translation in English. You can go over it. Again, there is another mou practice for you. Mou kaerimasu ka? Sou desu, mou juuji desu kara kaetta hou ga ii desu. Watashi mou kaerimasu ka? Are you going already? Sou desu, mou juuji desu kara. It is already 10 o'clock, kaetta hou ga ii desu. It is better that I return now or go back now. Ara juuji desu ka? Oh, is that so? It is 10 o'clock, watashi mou kaerimasu. I will also return. So well, with mou, you can use it in this manner like this. Different situations, different combinations, mou means already. This is the translation in English. You can go over it. There is another thing I want to tell you today. These are words you can use, makes your conversation better, language better. Your spoken skills can be seen very clearly. Rao san, ega no kippu nima yarimasu kara ikimasen ka? Polite way of inviting someone. Donna ega desu ka? Which ega are you talking about? This is the translation over here. America no yume na gone with the wind this. Zannen desu ga, it is really too sad, it is too bad for me. Kino ano ega wo mimashita, I saw the film yesterday. Why ano over here? Because both of them, both the listener and the speaker both know about gone with the wind, the famous film. This is how you would use zannen, it is too bad, it is too sad. I am so sorry that I am unable to go for the film with you, zannen desu, it is too bad. There is another zannen conversation over here usage. You can see Ara Rao san ryoko e ikimasen deshita ka? Ryoko no kippu na kushimashita kara and you leave your sentence. Sore wa ne zannen desu ne. So what does it mean? Rao san, you did not go for your trip, well I lost my tickets. That is too bad isn't it? That is too bad, it is a sad situation to be in. So that is how you would use zannen. Now as I always do, we are going to do a kotowaza. You can see this boy over here sitting on something, it is raining and he is all tense and looking very determined. So what does it look like to you? It is a kotowaza. Kotowaza as I told you earlier are words put together in a sentence form, in a small sentence. So to give lot of meaning to explain something in short. Those are kotowazas, those are proverbs. They have a long history and are very very cultural. They tell you about the culture of the place, about the people, about the thinking of the people and there is one for you over here, this boy sitting on something. Let us see what it is. Ishi no ue ni mo san ne. Ishi I told you just now is stone, you saw I made the kanji for it. Ishi no ue is on top ni mo san nen, 3 years. So that is the translation over here. Now it is in Roman, ishi no ue ni mo san nen. What does it mean? What can you understand from here? Well, the literal meaning of this is, ishi is stone sitting on a stone for as long as 3 years, that is the literal translation, that is what it means, that is what it says. But what does it mean actually? What is the meaning? What is the hidden meaning behind this? Well, you can look at the boy and you can also make out, well it says that determination, perseverance will solve any difficulty. You will overcome any difficulty that you have meaning that if you sit on a stone which is cold and hard for as long as 3 years for such a long time with so much determination, even the stone which is so hard would become warm, which is cold would become warm, would soften a little. So, if you are determined, if you are patient, you are determined, you know what you want, your goals are set, then definitely you will succeed, you will reach your goal, you will attain, you will get what you want. That speaks of the Japanese people as well, that you have to be determined in what you are doing, perseverance gets you everything. As you can see, perseverance overcomes all difficulties. So, you have to be very, very determined and set in your goals, in what you want. Now, you can see Ishii is stone, Ue is above and Sanne is 3 years. So, this could be for anyone actually, for anybody you just have to be determined, persistent in what you are doing, whatever it may be and you will finally achieve it. You have to be patient, patience gets you everything finally. Well, this is vocabulary for you, you can see Kotatsu is given, this is a Japanese low table and this is very popular with the Japanese because in the cold weather, you can put a quilt on top of it and it has a small heater inside and it keeps you nice and warm. So, Kotatsu is a small low table. Mentoteki, as you can see is traditional, Ishii, Kiru, Ongaku, Kyuryo, Yofuku, Nakusu, Zannen. So, these are all the words, you can practice them and now we have this small section of Hiragana and Katakana together you can compare the two, you can see if you write on a graph sheet, it is so much better, your characters, syllables are more proportionate and you can memorize them easily, remember them easily. These are cursive as you can see, these are very very angular as I have been telling you all along. So, now you can compare and with this my work is over, your work begins now, you have your shukudai to do and there is Kanji for you again, there are some pictures, figure out the Kanji characters, fill in the blanks, the words are given over here, you can fill them up, there are some extra words for you and then we have these Kanji characters again, not the pictures, just the characters and the readings, these are opposites. So, try to put in the opposites in their correct places, you have particles and interrogative words to fill in over here and you have verbs over here, change them, write their proper form and fill in this sheet. Well, minasan, soredewa minasan, kyou wa kore de owarimasu, mou takusan benkyoshimashita kara kyou wa kore de owarimasu, kondo wa mata atarashii koto wo benkyoshimashou, soredewa oyasuminasai. Thank you very much and we will meet again next time for our next class.