 So why is your company looking to achieve a net zero goal? What are the benefits and why is this really important? Yeah, sure, thank you, Ursula. Well, if we go back to 2019, Ball announced its science-based targets, targets by 2030 to reduce scope one into greenhouse gas by 55% and scope three by 16%. And earlier this year, we took about one step further to say that our global sustainability goals would now include our ambition to achieve net zero before 2050. And for us, a big part of achieving that is about 90% collection rates on used beverage cans and 85% recycled contents in those places or those geographies we operate in. And for us, it's an important goal because we're not only striving to do the right thing by the environment, you know, and each of us as people, beyond being employees, but to improve Ball's performance and to help our customers reach their emissions targets because if we're not helping our customers do that, frankly, we're missing a step. We're missing the full impact of what we could be doing. Perhaps could you give us a few examples about the positive actions that your company is taking to really drive the change needed to make net zero reality? Absolutely. In Europe, we've already achieved 100% renewable electricity. This is centered around two VPPAs, so Virtual Power Purchase Agreements. And in addition to that, all 23 of our plants are ASI certified for performance and chain of custody. So ASI is very specific to the aluminum industry and it's a multi-stakeholder initiative that provides assurance that we've responsibly produced, sourced, and followed our aluminum throughout the full value chain, which is the full value chain operations are where we get the most impact, but they're the hardest to handle. Aside from those two specific examples, the biggest opportunity we have to reduce our carbon footprint is to increase recycling rates. And so when we think about how we're working on that in particular, we're part of every can counts program across Europe to engage and support consumers to recycle. We provide thought leadership to develop and implement modern collection systems to make sure that we're collecting all these beverage cans that we can and really collaborating with all of the stakeholders to make sure that we get what we need. So perhaps we could talk about some of the challenges that you've also faced. What do you think is the most significant hurdle that you've had when it comes to achieving net zero? How have you been able to overcome this? Yeah, I think it's important to point out that at all, we're still very much in the beginning of our journey to achieve net zero. And we believe it'll only be possible when we work in collaboration with our full supply chain which I mentioned earlier. Our most ambitious goal and commitment is to achieve 90% recycling rates. And that means relying on policy makers, waste management sector, our suppliers and our customers all working together through the full supply chain. And ultimately, we want to end in a place of real circularity which involves that continuous recovery and reuse of material. So nothing is lost in the process. But in order to do this, it means packaging not only needs to be collected and easily sorted, but every part of it needs to be separated out and fully recycled with no loss to become a product of the same value. While it's easy to say that to you in this interview, it touches so many people and systems in process and only through that collaboration can we get to the right place, really. What is the main learning you would share with the company at the beginning of their net zero journey? Yeah, for us at ball, it's really been about measuring our current emissions because you can't manage what you can't measure, which is what we often say about our plants in manufacturing, et cetera. But it's also very, very true and relevant to our impact on the environment as well. And then the second thing is just around balance. It's good to set ambitious targets. They have to be validated and based in reality. So for us, that meant using the science-based target initiative to be that third party to make sure we were grounded in reality. So the next question is a bit about the supply chain. I know you've talked about it before a little bit, but perhaps I don't know if you'd like to talk a bit more concretely about how you are engaging with your supply chain and cross-sector more broadly to drive the net zero transition across the economy and achieve the systemic change you were talking about and the fact that this touches on so many aspects of what your company does and who it talks to and who it works with. Absolutely. So at ball, we like to talk about this full supply chain engagement as our vision for circularity. And it's really our signal to the industry that joint efforts and working together are the way that we're going to get the best results. And working together, these joint efforts include boosting the scaling of aluminum collection, sorting and recycling infrastructure, executing innovative campaigns and activations to educate consumers about the infinite recyclability of aluminum as a material, aligning the industry on extended producer responsibility and deposit return system policies, building an ambitious global recycling roadmap that delivers a carbon array aligned with the industry's net zero and one and a half degrees targets. It goes all the way into proactively advocating for recycling policies that deliver greater than 90% in global real recycling rates and making sure that we get to that 85% global recycled content and the aluminum used for our beverage cans. So we are talking on the Monday after COP26, which has been a significant global milestone. Could you tell me a bit about what your reflections are at this stage, any kind of key points that you are thinking about at ball and that will include how you progressed in the next period? Yeah, I think there were a couple things that I took away and in order to achieve the Paris Agreement, it's important that all sectors of the global economy have to decarbonize, even the hard to evade ones, which is now we're starting to hear more people talk about the shipping industry and some of those pieces that are the more challenging ones to go after, which I really appreciate. We can't ignore those because that's where our chunk of the issue is. The energy industry is already well underway to be decarbonized, but we saw a new push for land regeneration, which I thought was great. And alongside that, nature being used as a key lever for a solution and commitments are now being made to protect and restore natural environments and seeing more than 100 countries pledged to reverse deforestation by 2030 was just fantastic to see. I think one thing that was a bit disappointing was the last minute change from phase out to phase down when it comes to fossil fuels. Speaking a bit more about the specific policy areas that should also respond to the international policy, when it comes to European climate policy and the 5255 package, could you tell us a bit about your view on the 5255 package? What are your priorities as a company that you'd like to see coming out from this package? Yeah, great question because achieving these emissions reductions in the next decade is really how we would make Europe become the world's first climate neutral continent by 2050 and make the European Green Deal a reality. You know, as we talked about before, we already achieved 100% renewable electricity in Europe and for our newly announced facilities, we're bringing in state-of-the-art equipment, exploring opportunities to further reduce our energy consumption and even looking at the opportunity for on-site energy generation. One of the things that's of particular interest to our industry is CBAM, the carbon border adjustment mechanism. We're monitoring that really closely with our suppliers who ensure that what's being proposed is actually going to do the right thing and doesn't contribute to carbon leakage, which would not put us into the right direction. So anyway, those are some key items that I find interesting and impact our industry directly. So what are your views on the net zero strategy that the government has come forward with? What are your priorities for that strategy? Yeah, I think, you know, it's critical that we see investment in the enablers to achieve the strategy rather than just say that there is a strategy. That means investment in technology, innovation, capital mobilization, behavior change, engagement. We already have that clear target in 2050 from the government net zero across the economy, but the strategy also needs to include clarity on the steps in between, so 2030, 2035, 2040, and give clarity on the roles of national, local, and regional actors so that everyone's moving along and we don't find ourselves halfway there and not having made the progress that's needed. And from our point of view for packaging, we're expecting the government to announce the introduction of a deposit return system for glass, PET, and cans. This will increase dramatically the recycling rates of all beverage packaging, including cans, which, by the way, are already at 82% in the UK, enabling us to increase can-to-can recycling, really fulfilling that true circularity vision that we have for our industry.