 Let's get started with our last presentation for tonight. I want to get done on time. And I'm going to introduce myself tonight, it looks like. And you guys know who I am. I'm Tom Cobb. I'm an Extension Horticulturist for North Dakota State University. And I have to say I've had the honor of working all over the world in my career. I've worked in Africa and Asia and Latin America and in several states of the Midwest. And I have seen the power of seeds. And I think the first step to having a great garden or a great crop is to have great seeds. Because with the best varieties, you're going to lead to higher yields. You're going to have fewer diseases. You won't have to use pesticides as often. And you can have the best tasting vegetables. So tonight, let's talk about the best varieties for North Dakota. All right, you know, when I was a kid, I loved seed catalogs. Some kids read comic books, I read seed catalogs. And you know, my favorite was the one from Burpee Seed Company. And every night before I went to bed, I would open up the pages and I would just see these beautiful vegetables. Like here's our pepper page. I would see all the colorful peppers. And I would just dream of my garden in the summertime. But as I grew older, I learned to appreciate more than just pretty pictures. And now my favorite seed catalog is the one from Johnny's Selected Seeds. Johnny's is an aggressive, award-winning breeding program with some outstanding varieties. But even if you don't like the varieties or you don't want to buy seeds, I think it's a great resource for gardeners. Because I care if you look at their pepper page. And you see, not so pretty, but I especially like what's on the left-hand side where they have all the directions on how to plant the crop, like how to be successful growing peppers. And I think that's what Johnny's strategy is, is that they want to teach you, they want to empower you to have a successful pepper crop so that when you're successful, you're gonna keep coming back for their seeds. And if you just look closely here, they've got all kinds of information about the type of soil. Here's how you grow the seedlings. Here's some tricks about giving it a cold treatment to get more flowers on your plants. Here's how you transplant it. You know, here's how far apart. Here's the bugs look out for. You know, I always keep the catalog, I got the catalog right here on my desk. I always keep the Johnny's catalog at my desk to help answer gardening questions in the springtime. Another great catalog that I like is the Baker Creek heirloom seeds. And heirlooms are full of diversity and full of fun stories. Like here's their radish page. And you see like just amazing types of radishes. You can see the ones that look like watermelon. You can look like the ones that have like green rat tails. You can see radishes that are like as big as volleyball's. It's just so fun to look through and see all the different kinds of vegetables available. And maybe just try a few every year that's different. Those are just a few seed catalogs. I could give a whole talk about that, but we're not here for that. But on your handout there on the back page, we have a list of seed sources. And you can contact, those internet addresses, you can just type in them and request a free catalog from all those seed companies. And if you do that, I would encourage you to get on the ball right away because spring's common and there is a shortage of seeds out there this year because of COVID. And also there's processing delays this year because like some seeds, it can take over a month to get your seeds because of social distancing in the warehouse. So if you're interested in ordering from a seed company, get on the ball right away. You know, one thing about a seed company is that everything in a seed catalog sounds good, but not everything's good for North Dakota. We're a very, it's kind of, we have extreme conditions here. And so that's why we started the North Dakota Home Garden variety trials. And in our trials, we believe that to find the best varieties for North Dakota gardens, we should test them in North Dakota gardens and under the management of North Dakota gardeners. And I've had the privilege of working with about over 1,000 gardeners in our state, 1,000 gardeners in our state. And here's just last year, the numbers that we had. We had gardeners at 369 sites, 369 sites. And you see like some of the green counties are the ones where we had a lot of people, like what's a Burley County at 54. And, but even the yellow counties, we had one to three and almost every county, we had at least one gardener represented. So what I'm talking about tonight, these are the varieties that perform best in the gardens of North Dakota. And I just have a few personal opinions too, but these are the opinions of the gardeners. And here's the way it works out. Like what we do is we have a seed catalog and you can choose what you wanna test. So let's say you wanna do the green bean test. I'll give you two packets of green beans to compare side by side. And then you plant them, you grow them, and then you report on them. And we would just wanna know simple answers. Which one germinated better? Which one was the first to produce? Which one gave you the most produce? Which one tasted better? And which one was healthier? And finally wanna know which Friday do you recommend for gardeners in North Dakota? And from that, and they show off their results, here's a girl shown off her successful pumpkin trials. Last year we had over 1,500 of those trials submitted their results, 1,500 last year alone. And that information goes to our publication that's a handout for you tonight, the one about vegetable cultivars for North Dakota. These are the winners in North Dakota gardens. When we look for a great Friday, we want something that's early because frost is too unpredictable here and anything that takes more than a hundred days might not make it. We want our varieties to taste great. And that's why that's another thing we asked them to tell us which Friday tasted better. And we want varieties that can resist diseases naturally. So we don't have to use pesticides. We want a productive garden and we want a garden that's adapted to North Dakota. I'm gonna talk to you about some of the winners in our trials. I'm gonna start off with tomatoes because that's a very popular vegetable. And then we'll go A to Z, asparagus to zucchini, okay? And we're gonna go rapid fire here so I can get as much information to you as I can. Tomatoes are very popular and it's so many different tomatoes, so many fruit colors, so many shapes. But I would encourage you, besides considering the fruits, look at the vines. There's two kinds of vine types of tomatoes. One is the determinate type and the other is the indeterminate type. A determinate type is compact. It stops growing when the plant sets fruit. It just stops. And then you don't have to prune it. You don't even have to trellis it if you don't want to. Usually, determinate types are early, which is great, and has a concentrated yield. And concentrated yield is great because jack frost, we never have that long of a yield of tomatoes because we get early frost. Indeterminate vines are tall and they keep growing until frost. They have to be pruned and trellis. Most varieties will give you a larger fruit, not all, most, and then some, they usually give you a more flavorful fruit, the indeterminates, because there's always new, healthy leaves, fruits and sugars for the fruits. These are some of the most popular varieties in our state. Early girl, and that eye indicates indeterminate. People like it because it's early. Celebrity, a determinate, I think is one of the most reliable tomatoes that can grow. It resists cracking and resists a lot of diseases. Big beef is the best beef steak variety and it tolerates cool temperatures, which we often have in the summertime. Mountain Fresh Plus is the number one tomato in the Midwest among growers, but I don't see it in very many garden centers. If you see it, give it a try. Beautiful mid-sized quality tomatoes. Super Sweet 100 is a very popular cherry and if you want a canning type, the Roma or San Marzano are very popular. But you know one thing about tomatoes, we all have our own personal preferences. And here's one that I like sharing my ideas with gardeners because gardeners shared ideas with me and taught me. And people told me I've ever tried an orange cherry tomato and I had never until a few years ago. I said, okay, I'll try it. And they're wonderful. They're extremely sweet. Sun Gold and Sun Sugar are tremendous tomato varieties. A big problem with cherry tomatoes is they crack so easily. Juliet is a little bit larger and it has a cross with the Roma. So it's about an inch now and it's elongated. It doesn't crack and it's very meaty. It's an award winner. It's very delicious. Give it a try. Speaking of cracking, that brings us to heirlooms. Heirloom tomatoes are sort of trendy, but personally I think there's a reason why heirlooms are heirlooms and that's because we moved on. We've made progress. Like I'm not gonna go home tonight on a horse. I'm gonna use a car, made progress. And now with heirlooms, they're not as productive. They're not as reliable. They're more susceptible to diseases. They're more susceptible to cracking. But, and these are all generalities. But one thing about heirlooms is they do have special flavors and that's a good reason to try them. A strong trend in breeding now is try to combine the best of both. Take and make a variety that has the taste of an heirloom, but make it more reliable, more resistant to diseases and more productive than a heirloom. And this is a classic case, the Chef's Choice Tomatoes. They came out five years ago and I've never seen a series of any vegetable get as many awards as the Chef's Choice Tomatoes. Chef's Choice Orange came out about five years ago and I know many of you are gonna try it this year. This is Chef's Choice Bicolor. There's Chef's Choice Black and Green and Red that come out with a new one every year, but this is an outstanding award-winning series. Another new variety that we haven't tested yet, but looks really promising is Buffalo Sun. It has the ribbing that looks like an heirloom, but look at that marbled pink tissue inside. It's supposed to be very delicious and not mushy at all. That's worth a try. This is not a tomato, actually this is an asparagus berry. And I know I can tell by this that this is a female plant because it has fruits, right? With asparagus, there's males and females, okay? We generally prefer the males because what we're after is we want spears. We don't want berries. In fact, berries are bad because they draw energy away from spear production and berries drop to the ground. And when they drop to the ground, the seeds create more asparagus plants and your bed gets congested. So for years now, we've been recommending the all-male lines from New Jersey. I call them the Jersey boys. Jersey night, Jersey supreme, Jersey giant. These are almost all exclusively male and they're very productive. But now the bad news is we're hearing that the company that propagates the Jersey boys is gonna stop. And so we gotta find an alternative. And it looks like the variety that's gonna come to the rescue is millennium. It even has a higher percentage of male plants. It's even more productive in the long term than the Jersey boys. And also it emerges a little bit later in spring. So you have less damage to a late frost in springtime. So get to know millennium asparagus. Beans, we've tested so many bean varieties and I hope you've all tried purple beans at one time because when you cook them, they turn green and the kids just love it. We gotta do anything we can to trick kids to like vegetables. Bush blue leg 274, that is the standard. It's at every garden center and it does well in North Dakota. It produces good quality beans and has a good harvest through the summertime. But, and we test it every year, but it doesn't wow anybody. And so when we test it, usually it loses the contest between what we compared to. Like last year we compared it to annihilator and annihilator was preferred by 69% of our gardeners. A lot of these varieties have a darker green pod, a little bit more slender. And the last one, Antigua is a new variety. It's an organic variety that did very well in our trials last year. If you have a raised bed, Antigua may be a good choice for you because it has a compact habit. Only gets about 18 inches and it's upright. The bean that dazzles people is Crockett. That's the one that we get like 90% recommendations. That's the one that really jazzes up people because it's a filet bean dark green slender and crisp and super productive. Crockett, try that and you'll never go back. Our filet bean trials are more popular now than our standard bean trials because once you try a filet bean, you won't go back. We do carrot trials. This is a classic Chantanae carrot, a big thick one that does good in a heavy soil. And it's a classic garden Nantes carrots. We test lots of kinds. For Chantanae on the right there, you see Coupar is an organic Friday that does very well in our state. Hercules is another winner. For the Nantes, Goldfinger always does well in our trials across the state. Navel is a new organic Friday we tried last year. It was outstanding. You see seed catalogs where they offer purple and red carrots. They're supposed, they're higher in antioxidants but also they're higher in bitterness. And most of our trials with like purple vegetables don't go on like purple tomatoes or purple carrots. They're too bitter, people don't like eating them. So even though if they're more nutritious, you don't eat them. So what's the point? Purple haze is a mild tasting purple carrot and it's the best of the purple carrots. That's about, it looks good at least. It looks good. Lots of sweet corn out there and every year the super sweets become more dominant in the market. I remember when I was a kid, every night I'd go pick sweet corn like let's say a hundred dozen or 200 dozen. I'd throw in the truck and I'd head down to the Minneapolis farmers market. This was a normal sweet corn. I knew when I went to the market I had to sell it every year that morning because the next day that corn would just be starch. But now with the super sweets, they're much sweeter and they hold on to their sweetness longer. The one drawback about super sweets is they're so sweet that their kernel seed is all shrunken up, it's small. So it's not vigorous. So you need to wait a little bit to sow the seeds to the ground worms. And then also look for varieties that say germinates well in cool soils. Good cold soil vigor. That makes a difference. One thing in our trials, we generally do not offer treated seeds because there's a lot of kids in our trials and I don't want them to get all that pink stuff, all that fun to set in their fingers. But we do offer treated seeds for corn because we have much better success with getting a good stand. The American Dream came out a few years ago, it's an outstanding corn. The best early corn is sweetness. Both of these varieties are reliable and they have sturdy stalks that can hold up to the North Dakota wind. Burr plus cucumbers. Again, this is a type of vegetable that once you try it, you don't go back. And this is one of our most popular trials every year. Burr plus are just so much better than standard straight aides. They're earlier, they're more productive, they resist diseases better, they have no bitterness, better seed quality. And a very outstanding variety is summer dance. The one promise burr plus is you can't pickle them. That's where a pickling variety like homemade pickles comes into place. That is always our winner for pickling cucumber. People like its productivity and the quality, the crispness of its cubes, homemade pickles. Don't forget snacking cucumbers. These you harvest when they're only like four inches long. And again, they're burr plus types, they're bitter free. Muncher is a good variety. This year is a new variety called green light that we're really looking forward to testing, green light. It doesn't even need bees to pollinate. It's a seedless cucumber. Look for that. I know I'm moving ahead. I wanna get all this information to you. Let us look for varieties that can take the heat. Butter crunch is a classic. And it's at every garden center. It does great in North Dakota. It can take the heat. But I would encourage you to try a crisp head or also called Batavia type of lettuce. These are the most heat tolerant lettuces and they have very crisp leaves. These get super high ratings. And mure for a green crisp head is a tremendous performer. Melons, it's hard to get melons to rip and on a regular basis in our state. And so more and more I'm believing in starting seedlings indoors. Athena is the classic. It's a standard in the Midwest. Aphrodite is about a week earlier and it does better in our trials in Athena. Although Athena does well. Up in the North, you need something ultra early. Goddess is the best early high quality melon. Also, I would encourage you to try a melon, a Galea melon. They're earlier than cantaloupe. And I like trying Galea melons because I can't buy them at the store. I can have a unique taste experience. And a Rava and Passport has like a tropical flavor to them. Again, they're early. That's what it's all about for melons. That's watermelon is sweet Dakota Rose. It was made in North Dakota and it's reliable. Has a nice about 10, 12 pound fruit and one of our gardeners will tell you it's the best tasting watermelon they ever ate. And probably because it was harvested when it was just fully ripe. Peas, the one that always win our trials is Lincoln. Lincoln is productive. Lincoln is a great freezer. It's easier to shell. Lincoln's a winner. The best snappy every year, sugar and. Sugar and because it's early and absolutely sweet and delicious. Both these varieties growing short vines about 28 inches, you don't have to try some. Okay kids, it's fun growing pumpkins with kids. And here's a couple of my kids from many years back up 10 years ago, they're growing neon. Neon is the easiest to grow pumpkin in North Dakota because it ripens two weeks before every other one. It turns orange in the summer. It looks beautiful in the summer and it has compact vines. It won't take over your garden. This is a surefire winter. You can really build up a lot of confidence in your kids when they can grow there. They see their pumpkin success. But I also know about kids, they like big pumpkins. Now you can get those giant pumpkins and the prompt but the problem is they're ugly. They're like beige and they're all lopsided and they take too much work, I think. You got to water them all the time, feed them all the time. They need to blanket on their skin so that it doesn't get sunburned and stay soft and keep expanding. That's way too much work for most of our gardening team. Our team likes big mousse. Big mousse, you plant the seed and then you just take care of it. No special care at all. And then you come back before the frost and you see these big 50 pound bright orange pumpkins. Big mousse, easy to grow, the best big pumpkin for North Dakota. Other ones that are good, large, marge, and early giant. These are about 40 pounds and they have a barrel shape for carving. Early giant, very early for the North there. That's a great one to try. Spinach, Greta talked about growing spinach in spring. I've never grown spinach transplants but I have grown space. This one always wins our spring trials because like Greta said earlier, is the problem is the spinach can't take the heat and it wants to bolt. And it also related to the longer days. Space has the longest extended harvest, juicy leaves and they're smooth. Our gardeners like smooth leaf spinach because it's easier to clean. For spring spinach, space is the hands-on winner. Every year, the most beautiful vegetable in the garden, it's got to be bright lights, Swiss chard. It belongs in a flower garden and it'll still be a showstopper. It's so vibrant, even in a flower garden, it's beautiful. Recommend you harvest it earlier because it can get a little bitter Swiss chard, you know how that goes, but just for looks, bright lights is a winner. Let's wrap it up with a little squash here. For winter squash, there's lots of types out there. What we can talk about the squash that North Dakota introduced to the world. In the 1930s, we brought buttercup squash to the world and a lot of people think it's the best of all squashes as far as flavor. If you've got a big garden, Burgess is the standard. It's kind of viney, but it's very early and productive. If you need a compact plant, Bon Bon is the choice. And there's a trend now for winter squash. It's mini winter squash. These are mini butternut squashes and this trial is more popular than our standard butternut squash trials. Butter squash is a good one and so is butter baby. These are just little ones that you cut in half and you share with your spouse or your friend. Last thing, I know nobody respects zucchini. I really feel for this vegetable. Nobody respects it because it's too productive. I think I always think we should honor zucchini, not ridicule it. If you're gonna plant zucchini, let's make a count. Let's keep the harvest going through fall. And to do that, to make that happen, we need to find varieties that resist powdery milder disease. Cash flow has been a strong performer in our trials. And last year, a new variety came out called Green Machine and that kept pumping out the varieties all the way into the fall. Green Machine is a real winner. Okay, I wanna thank all the sources of the photos for our presentation and also just put a little note here is that everybody's welcome to participate in our trials. Again, we had 369 families last year and it keeps getting bigger and we're soon gonna be shipping out the seeds for this season. And there's our website. Everybody's welcome to join. Even just, it's a fun kids project too. So there, I'm going to invite any questions that people may have. How can I keep seeds before throwing away? It's the question, generally speaking, keep them cool. That's the most important thing. So the best thing is put them in a refrigerator and most seeds will stay for three to five years. Can you eat Big Moose? Yeah, it's a pumpkin. Okay, what about, I have a question about beets. What about beets? We test both red and golden beets. Again, I can't cover every crop, but generally speaking, for the beets, the best flavored beets is Merlin. Two good, two very good, a good all-purpose beet is red ace and eagle. Those are both very good. For golden beets, touchstone gold is a fine performer. And Detroit dark red, if you want a cheap beet seed. The thing, it's not a hybrid, Detroit dark red, so it's not as uniform. Do I have any experience growing shishito peppers? I've never grown a shishito pepper, but I'm going to this year, it's the question. What do I recommend about yellow tomatoes? You know, again, tomatoes are so subjective. I've never done a trial with yellow tomato. I know it just wouldn't be as popular, but the one I have grown personally is the yellow pear tomato, and it came from Fargo. Yellow pear is a giant bush, really giant, and it's loaded with these little tiny pear shaped, very mild. I used to live near an Amish community, and yellow pear was the one they used for their preserves. So if I had to grow a yellow one, that's the one I would grow. Okay, more questions. How long are seeds good for? It depends on the vegetable. Most vegetables are good for about three to five years, or even longer. It depends. If you got to keep them cool and dry and out of direct light, some seeds you want to get new seed every year, like sweet corn, it helps to get new seed every year. Most lettuce varieties, you want fresh seed of that if you can. Can Canadians participate in our trials? Yes, we always have a couple of participants from Canada, and they do an outstanding job for us. We allow people from adjacent states, even sometimes we have old NDSU alumni, like from Pennsylvania or Iowa, who want to participate, and we let them play with us. And we'll use your comments, but we won't use your data. So, but Manitoba, Saskatchewan, you're welcome. What do I recommend for a pumpkin for baking? Okay, that's a good question. If I had a, for eating purposes, I think the best pumpkins are actually squashes. You know, that's like for pumpkin pie and stuff. Squashes are usually used for that, not pumpkins. Like Libby's pumpkin mix is a type of a butternut squash. I'm trying to, New England is an old fashioned baking type. On the Bush Blue Lake 274, what does that 274 stand for? That's a great question. If I could guess, would the plant breeder put out, made a cross and put out about 500 different, different rows, different crosses and 274, row 274 was his favorite or her favorite. That's usually how that goes. Are these presentations recorded? Yes, these presentations are recorded. They're being recorded right now. We put them all on the Spring Fever website. We archive them. You can watch presentations for the last, ever since the first Spring Fever six years ago. And with the help of Scott, and I want to thank Scott for his help tonight. We'll try to get these recordings online for you within a couple of days. Can a gardener use hybrid variety seeds to save? You can, but the problem is the hybrid, when they cross with one another, you will have, the children will not be exactly like the parent, they will have some out crossing. So you'll see a resemblance, but you will not see uniformity. So generally we do not save hybrid seeds. For example, from a pumpkin, right? Yeah, hybrid pumpkin, you're going to get all kinds of pumpkins from saving those seeds. And the other thing is some pumpkins will cross with squashes. So that will add a little even more diversity. That's also a bee-pollinated crop. So often we have to isolate a pumpkin variety from several hundred feet, like 300 feet, from any other pumpkin crop to prevent the bees from mixing up the pollen. So it's kind of not so good of it. It's kind of don't expect good results with that. What about Celeriac in North Dakota? I've never grown it. I've always been tempted, but I've never done it. So maybe somebody else can answer that. Can you Charles Cucumbers? Yes, you can in a raised bed, that's a great idea. That's a great idea to do it. And there's strategies in like the raised bed books and all those books, how to Charles Cucumber. You Charles Cucumber, you'll have the straightest, most beautiful fruits ever. You also get the vines off the ground. You have fewer diseases and better wind movement. You'll have a much healthier plant. That's a great idea. Are ground cherries popular with local gardeners? Generally no. I'm interested in spin it and it can become a weed too. How does spinach grow? Spinach grows from a rosette. Kind of like lettuce, as you mentioned there. I've never grown arugula. Sorry, I can't answer that. How do you sign up for the trials? You go to the website on your handout, the last slide, or even within there. We got the slide there. Just sign up right there. You can download the catalog and you can order your seeds. We offer online ordering or you can mail in your order. Again, I'm one of those guys who's waiting for my seeds from the seed company that's been over, it's been five weeks for a couple of my seed companies. So I can't deliver right away, but as soon as I get the seeds, we're gonna be shipping them out. What is the best pumpkin for eating the seeds? Is the question. There's an old variety called Lady Godiva. You wanna have a pumpkin seed that's hauless, hauless. It doesn't have the outer coating. There's another variety Kakei, K-A-K-I. Kakei did well, we tried it one year, but you know what? Nobody wanted to do it in that trial, so we just gave up on it. Do we have white pumpkin varieties? Yes, we have white pumpkin varieties that we recommend. The big one, the best one is Polar Bear. It gets to be about 30 to 40 pounds. It's pure white and it stays white. Some of these white varieties turn grayish or they get a peach color towards the end. Polar Bear stays white. And there's also lots of little ornamental ones like Casperida that really did good in our trial for ornamental types. Is there any vine that shouldn't be planted with kukes? No, there's no vine that shouldn't be planted with kukes. I'm not sure what'd be the problem that we're concerned about there. Melons and cucumbers will get the same diseases, they'll get the same pests. So maybe you could, if just for sake of keeping, you might wanna keep them apart from one another so they don't become like a hotspot of, let's say cucumber beetles. There's a comment about Celeriac. It's awesome and fargo. It handles wet areas of the garden very well. It's tricky to start though. And he plans to variety, brilliant. Thank you for that answer. Okay, those are the questions. Where's the best place to purchase the varieties that you recommend? You know what, the answer is, I used to go through all the seed catalogs and list it down, but we don't have to. You just go to Google. Like let's say you wanna have big moose pumpkin. You just type a big moose pumpkin seeds and pops up 10 companies that sell the seeds. But that lists the seed sources on this, on the back page of our recommended cultivars. That covers a lot of quality varieties. And I would go when you're done tonight, go online and ask for all those catalogs for free. What are potatoes that are high-yielding and resistant to potato beetles? There's no variety that's resistant to potato beetles. There used to be GMO varieties that resist it, but we don't do GMOs in our variety trials. We just don't, it's rarely offered in the seed catalog. And I do, we just don't wanna mess around with that. I'm not against GMOs personally, but we just, it's too complicated. You know what, as far as potatoes, our highest rated potato is called purple viking. Purple viking is from NDSU, developed in the 60s. It is a beautiful purple pink skin, all marbled, so beautiful, pure white, snow white flash, or inner flash, great for baked potatoes. It resists drought and has good yields. Purple viking is, and then of course, you know, you got the standard. Red Norlin is a great early red. Look for varieties that resist scab disease. That's our, that's the biggest problem we seem to have in our state. What else we got here? Yeah, beware of pumpkins and gourds in the same gardens. Yep, they will cross together and then, but it doesn't affect, it doesn't affect this year's crop. If you plant a gourd next to a pumpkin, the pumpkin vines will produce pumpkins. They won't, they won't be affected by the gourds. Maybe that hit with the question, with the cubes. But the seeds will be, the seeds will be affected. The next year, if you say the seeds, but the pumpkin vine will only produce pumpkins. It won't be informed, doesn't matter who its neighbor is. It's gonna be pumpkins. But the seeds may have male pollen and so the next year's gonna be interesting. Have I ever, love zucchini, got a zucchini lover, good. I love it. Is there tomato varieties that have less seeds for people? You know what, I would experiment with, I don't know if a seedless tomato variety, maybe look at some of those, looking at cattle for greenhouse types. But actually there's blossom set. There's chemicals you can spray on tomatoes that can help reduce the number of seeds inside the fruit. Blossom set, I would look for that. What's the best pumpkin for making black chinda? I have no idea, I don't know what black chinda is. What white skin watermelon is used for pickling? Oh, you mean white flesh? If it's white skin, I don't know. There's a white flesh watermelon called cream of Saskatchewan. It's very interesting, but it has such a thin rind, it just, it explodes in the garden very easily. But that's a cream of Saskatchewan, it's an interesting variety. Okay, I think, are there variety trials in Montana? You're in Eastern Montana. Eastern Montana, hey, we always have a few, we have a couple of Montana gardeners in our tribes. You're welcome to join us. That's, you know, cause you're similar. We just don't wanna take, you know, data from like Florida or something. Who cares about what's the best variety for Florida? We wanna know what performs good in North Dakota and similar varieties. There's a recommendation for the Prairie Road Organic Seed Company in a Fortin, North Dakota. That's an outstanding seed company. And they have a lot of, it's an organic variety. So those are, that's like sweet Dakota rolls that I mentioned. Their other most famous one is Uncle David's Dakota dessert winners, when it's a buttercup squash, it has great taste. Okay, I think, let me see my time here. Okay, we're past our time. And I thank everybody for their participation tonight. I can, I'll stay to answer other questions, but I wanna get you out on time. Thank you everybody for your participation. We're gonna do it again next Monday, next Monday starting at 6.30 central. And we're gonna be focusing on woody ornamentals. We're gonna get an update on that Emerald Ash borer. See what's going on with that. We're gonna learn about the best maples for North Dakota. And we're gonna find out about how to grow roses in North Dakota. So we'll see you all next week. Tell your friends, everybody's welcome to participate at the forums. Okay, everybody have a good night.