 The underlying ideas for logo were procedural thinking, debugging, talking about what you're doing. Oh, I'm sorry. And having objects to play with an anthropomorphic thinking which later seemed more called body-syntonic. Well, these are the fundamental ideas of the logo. At the last point you see that anthropomorphic thinking is one of them. And Simo called it being aware of the movements of your body. We call display turtle and floor turtle. And in the spring of 1970 was the first public presentation of logo. And Simo wrote a lot of papers. One of them is teaching children thinking. And could you just read that paragraph? Yeah, well they got it here. Oh, the bottom paragraph I think is the really good, gets to the point of agreeing with Dewey, Montessori and Piaget, that children learn by doing and thinking about what they do. And that was Simo's addition to Dewey who said children learn by doing. This is the fundamental idea of the logo. Well, Simo coincided with Dewey, Montessori and Piaget. He thought that children like to learn by doing things and also thinking about what they do. That's Simo's contribution to the work of the previous authors. In 1968, but the National Science Foundation wouldn't support that. So what you see here is we had turtle on a display screen. That box overhead was part of the driving force that led you. Again, this was the time-shared computer was back at MIT. Here you see a music box and Marvin Minsky built that music box. It lasted for quite a while. It had four voices. And then this is the yellow turtle which was found, the body was found at an army supply depot, a junkyard. And this is the one that was built at the MIT lab. You can see they had pens. They always had pens, the one on the screen and the one on the floor, and they could draw. So here's an example of the kinds of things the children drew that was bird turd. And this was the kind of animation. We had animation right from the start, crude but there. And now I'm going to let Professor Papert speak. Okay, here is me and Seema. We also encourage circus arts. Because they were procedural and needed debugging. What happened in 1972, we had a new version of logo. Every time we worked with children a new version popped up. We also had a new computer. We used digital equipment corporation. It's no longer in business. We use their computers. Their computer was one of the first time shared and BBN is where the first time sharing occurred. In 1972 they had a new version of logo because every time they worked with students they made new modifications and new versions of logo. They also had a new computer, even though it doesn't exist anymore, but it was one of the first time shared computers. They used them to work with logo. And we took them, digital equipment was selling a PDP 11 to the University of Exeter. And it happened that summer there was a math education conference in Exeter. So they shipped all of our equipment, turtles, these consoles, music box and people. In 1972 there was a very important math conference in Exeter. So they could present what they were doing with logo. They sent the computers, the big ones, all the equipment and all the logo equipment. They sent them there because they were interested in what they were doing. And then Simo, who's a good writer, wrote this to pass out to the attendees. We had a lot of incredible experiences with the children. We had four groups of children coming in every day. Anyway, I'm not going to go into that, but it's as usual. These teachers had not used computers. They were math teachers in 1972. And when they came to the room to observe, they said Simo could teach anybody anything. So they had a lot of math teachers who had never used computers in 1972. And they loved the demonstrations they saw. They said, Simo, you can teach anyone anything. In the conference they were taking part in a group of children to do things to learn and purify the logo. So they discovered that Cynthia had been the teacher. And they said, it must be that she gives them sweets to the children. It was very good. So as a first step towards that land of mathematics, they were exploring how to work in geometry.