 systematic inequalities and disparities. We encourage faculty to use open educational resources as a tool for pedagogical reform of teaching, learning, and research materials. OER is a catalyst for innovation, providing students at no cost a learner-centered experience. So this is supported all the way up to the top. And so if you're interested in OER, we know that we have their support as well. Okay. Thank you, President. Thank you, Vice President. And now our keynote address is Una Daley. And Una is the Director of the Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources, a community of practice for open education celebrating its 10th anniversary. CCCOER is a partner in achieving the DREAMS OER degree initiative and provides support for the California Zero Textbook Cost Degree Program. Previously, Una was OER Library Service Manager for the California Open Online Library. And prior to that, I was directing CCCOER. She led the College Open Textbooks Accessibility Professional Development and College Grant Programs at the Foothel de Anza District. She holds a master's degree in education with a focus on e-portfolios and undergraduate studies and formerly was a software engineer. So please join in me in welcoming Una Daley. What are your eyes? Thank you very much, Dr. Hoopis. And can everyone hear me out there? Yes. Okay, wonderful. And thank you very much to Dr. Bianca Roden-Quince who invited me to speak with you this morning. And I understand that you're celebrating Open Education Week, which is really exciting. That is the global celebration of open education and its impact worldwide. We're celebrating the seventh year of that, our seventh annual celebration. And it changes a little every year. This year, we have 31 countries who have submitted either online events, resources, videos, or are holding local events on their campuses. So institutions from 31 countries, representing 15 languages. The top three languages this year and this is different this year are English, Arabic, and Spanish. So really exciting, a real game changer in many ways. Okay, I talked a little bit about, I'm sorry, Jim talked a little bit about me. So I'll skip over that one. I want to tell you a little bit about the Community College Consortium for OER. It was actually founded right here in the Bay Area 10 years ago at the Foothel de Anza Community College District. And Dr. Martha Cantor was the visionary. I think some of you may have may know her. 2007 when she envisioned open educational resources as a tool for community colleges. And prior to that, most of the work that was being done around open education was at the four year colleges and universities, particularly the private universities. So she really had a vision which aligns with the vision that Jim shared with us earlier from your president and vice president, that not only could it provide faculty with choices around the content they use in their classroom, it could also be a catalyst for pedagogical innovation and development. And ultimately, of course, at the bottom of that is student success. Since that time we've spread throughout the United States. We have members in 28 states. We have 11 statewide members of which of course California is a statewide member and we have a number of individual college members. So right to education goes back at a very basic level around the world. UNESCO which I think and open education really aligns with this. And UNESCO has been a huge, in fact, they are the ones that are early 2000s. And MIT who is really, they're really given the recognition that they first in the sort of modern era of open education were inspired to kick this off. And their faculty looking at the internet that had was fully developed in the early 2000s and looking at the ability to share their knowledge around the world decided that they would put their entire undergraduate curriculum online so that learners around the globe could have access. And of course people thought they were kind of crazy at the time. But what they have found is that it attracted so many people to their to their university. 50 million visitors from 200 countries have visited their site in the last 15 years when it was first put up. But it's attracted amazing faculty and talented students to their doors. And out of that grew the open education consortium which CCCOER is part of. And it's hundreds of colleges and universities around the world committed to advancing open education and its impact globally. So you can see 40 countries, 29 languages. So enough about the big picture. I want to dig down on just a few details. And so I've got a little quiz for you. And there's really no right and wrong answers here. But it's just it's just for fun. So here's the first question. Are open educational resources in the public domain true or false? Can I see a show of hands for true? Okay, so I saw a couple go up. How about false? All right. This is kind of a trick question. Because in fact open educational resources are teaching and learning resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that allow their free use and repurposing. This license is normally referred to as the Creative Commons license. Now I would say 10 years ago when CCCOER was founded far more of OER was in the public domain. We didn't have as much of this user created educational resources that had been licensed under the Creative Commons license. So that's really what's changed in 10 years. So if you answered true or false, you were you were just fine. And here's an example. So here's some examples of what these this OER looks like. Some of you may be familiar with the really wonderful open stacks textbooks. Those are free online for students. They're available in print copies in a very affordable modest fees. And in fact, one of those textbooks, I'm showing three here, but one of them introductory statistics was actually written by a community college faculty at De Anza College, which is Dr. Barbara Alowski and there was another faculty member Susan Dean who wrote that. And at De Anza College alone in using that textbook over the last 10 years, it's gone through a number of adaptations, but it has been an open textbook for the last 10 years. They've saved their students millions of dollars. And I happen to know that some of your skyline faculty have have adopted this textbook and I'm sure it are also achieving a lot of savings for students. So really OER is any tool, material or technique, including textbooks to access knowledge freely. There's also free videos online that have a Creative Commons license, which means that you can bring them into your classroom, you can even edit them. And they're free to reuse. Lulan Learning is another company that publishes open courses. All right. So last quiz question, by what percent have textbook prices risen since 2000? Okay, and show of hands less than 50 percent. 50 to 75. Okay. Good guess. Over 80. And actually it is over 80. I think many of you have probably seen this graph before. This is a little out of date. It's from 2002 through 2012, where you can see that college textbooks increased by 82 percent in that 10-year period. They haven't decreased in the last six years. They are not accelerating at the same rate that they were in the early 2000s, but it still is a problem. And what kind of problem is it causing for our students? Well, this survey is done every other year in Florida. The last one was done in 2016, with 22,000 university and community college students. It was primarily college students, but there were university students in this. And what they found is that, and this, and I have to say this is, they're doing another one this year, but these numbers are pretty consistent year to year. They started the first one in 2010. So 67 percent of students did not purchase a required textbook at some point due to cost. 38 percent reported that they felt they earned a poor grade because of it. 20 percent reported that they failed a course because of not purchasing a textbook. And maybe even more dramatic is that 48 percent almost half reported that they occasionally or frequently took fewer courses because of the cost of textbooks. So it's clear that this is impacting students' ability to achieve their educational goals and complete in a timely manner. So how can Open Educational Resources support students and teachers in helping them to be successful? So online access on the first day of class, free online and low cost print options. And because it has that open license, faculty can adapt for students. So what does that mean? You know, for many faculty who've taught in the classroom and I myself have, the textbook's quite expensive. And you feel like you have to cover all the chapters because it was so darn expensive. When you're using an OER textbook, you use the chapters you need. They're free to students online. There's no requirement, no compulsion to cover chapters that aren't necessary simply to make it worth the student's cost. There's no requirement to change versions every few years based on the publisher's whim. You stick with it. You can update it or you can go to an updated version if you choose to do so. You can customize it. And this is really a powerful piece because you know best what your students' needs are. And many of the open textbooks have ancillaries now, PowerPoints and test banks that you can use. So I want to mention just some wonderful resources within California. The California Open Online Library was kicked off in 2014 and it continues to be updated. It was a partnership between all three systems, UC, CSU and CCC, to provide open textbooks for the top 50 courses, the top 50 transfer courses. So it has peer reviews, accessibility reviews, and it's all listed by Common Course ID. So you can look up and find a textbook and read the peer reviews from the different faculty within our system about that if you're looking for a textbook for your course. So a wonderful resource. Out of that original legislation came the Affordability Textbook Act more fondly called 8798. And these were grants that were allocated in 2016 where colleges could apply for between $10,000 and $50,000 to convert their courses to use open textbooks. 23 community colleges in California were awarded those. And the savings so far as of December of 2017 were quite impressive. The orange lines, I'm sorry, this is a little bit of an eye chart. The orange lines are the community colleges, the blue lines are the CSUs, because once again this was a partnership. And as you can see, Pasadena College exceeded $600,000 in savings in that timeframe. Butte Glenn Community College got to almost $400,000 in savings. And you can see there was great savings across the board. So now in the last year we have kicked off in California and throughout the nation, I might add, what are called OER or Z-Degrees. And these are complete pathways of courses that have been converted to use OER or zero cost materials instead of traditional textbooks. So these are faculty converting their courses to use these open educational resources. So the goals around this is to provide this complete pathway, expand access for students and equity by making it lower cost and more accessible for students. It's also going to help with degree completion, because if we go back and look at that survey, those students that had to stop out, take fewer classes will not have that problem if they're enrolled in one of these Z-Degrees. It provides faculty with a lot of different choices. It's an opportunity to enhance your pedagogy, to use all of these wonderful open educational resources and zero cost materials. And within California we're growing this repository of courses that will be available beyond the initial 23 colleges. So 23 colleges were awarded an implementation grant for the Z-Degree, including Skyline College, which is really exciting. And you can see here are the degree areas for the California grants. Child development, by the way, was the top one. There are six colleges that are working on degrees for child development. And beyond that, I think the really exciting thing here is that California had a lot of what we would call career technical education degrees slash certificates, which is unusual in the more national picture. So really looking at OER and workforce, and I'm really excited about that. I think that's a wonderful combination, is providing affordable training resources for workforce classes. And of course, respiratory care. Skyline is doing a full degree around that for the Z-Degree. And you can see that there's a number of other career related degrees as well. Kinesiology, architectural tech, biology, lab tech, precision agriculture, administration of justice. And then some wonderful gen ed business administration, communications, computer science, et cetera. And here are the colleges that are doing that. Sorry, I probably, this is an interactive map. And the colleges are all around the state from up in the top there, which is Butte College all the way down to Grossmont College in the south. But you can see a pretty nice distribution of colleges working on this work. And as I said, once again, all of the materials that are produced by this grant will have the Creative Commons license. And they will be put into the professional learning network, as well as in the California Open Online Library, which I showed you earlier. So that means that you as faculty within the community college system in California can look at those resources. You can adopt them, adapt them, bring them into your classroom as well. I wanted to just give you a really quick, a few national data points as well. So achieving the dream is the community college reform network. They work with a number of colleges in California. And of course, throughout the country, particularly with helping colleges that are working on tough issues around student completion, et cetera, student learning outcomes, a wonderful organization, and they kicked off the largest OER degree. And I use that term interchangeably, OER degree and Z degree. There are some slight differences, but they kicked off a national program just about a year before California. And they are working with 38 colleges in 13 states. So this OER degree and Z degree work is really getting a lot of national prominence. And there's a lot of promise and potential for helping our students at the community colleges to be successful. And we have two California colleges that are participating in that as well. And that's Santa Ana College in Southern California, and West Hill College, LaMoure, who are part of that program. I also wanted to give you a data point for one district in the United States. Now, this is a large district. They started adopting OER in their, at their colleges five years ago. And their goal was to save five million in five years. And they are just approaching the anniversary of their five year program. They have saved their students, as you can see, more than double their goal at 11,520,000. And they did it through creating faculty awareness, providing professional growth. There were stipends for developing new courses using OER. And very importantly, they reached out to their students and created student awareness. They did focus groups. They provided information in the student information system, which I know many of our colleges are doing right now, too, so that students could search for OER courses or low cost courses to help out with their needs. So, there's been a lot of success. There's also been some research done, which I want to share with you. So, this research that I'm going to report to you has been done by the Open Education Group. They do a lot of the open education research within the United States. And what they've done is they've aggregated 21 different peer reviewed studies of the efficacy of OER. And when I say efficacy, I mean the learning outcomes associated. So, how did students do who were in OER courses versus students who were in courses with traditional textbooks? So, it's a comparison of that sort of efficacy measure. And there were 167,000 or slightly over that students from the 21 peer reviewed studies. And 95% of the students did the same or better in an OER course versus a traditional textbook. So, we're finding that students are doing as well or better and yet they're saving so much money. And we know that student debt is such a huge issue these days. So, this is a net positive. Also, I want to talk to you about perceptions of quality, because this is often a question that comes up with OER. Is it as high a quality as the textbook that came from my publisher? And so, they took 20 peer reviewed studies of OER quality from both a faculty and student perspective. There was over 16,000 faculty and students involved. And the results came back that 55% said that the OER textbook was just about the same as the textbook publisher in terms of usability and working with their students. 35% actually said that OER textbook was better. And 10% said that it was worse. So, once again, a very promising result. Still early days, but we had a lot of different voices come into these. And finally, what we're using as a measure to look at student success for OER is an aggregate measure where we look at a combination of drop rates, withdrawal rates, and then pass rates. And this study is still fairly limited. It is from Tidewater Community College in Virginia, which is a large community college in Virginia, but is still, you know, one college. They did their study over 2014 and 16, and they found that their students performed significantly better on their course throughput rate. The students in taking an OER course than those of their peers who were in a traditional textbook class. And now, once again, this is using that throughput rate, looking at drop rates, withdrawal rates. Because we feel that we have seen evidence that students who are in classes where the textbooks available on day one and it's free, don't drop at the same rate. So, they have a higher persistence rate. So, if we look at that aggregate measure, it's very promising. All right. And that was published in a peer review journal as well. All right. That's all I really had today. I just wanted to mention to you that there's a there's a big community out there. CCCOER has a community email list. Bianca's on it. Quite a number of people from Skyline College are on it. We'd love to have you on it. We do monthly webinars featuring OER experts and practitioners in the field. We often have folks from California talking about their work. And if you're interested in finding out more about this, it's free to join. You just go to our website under community email and sign up. And there's some wonderful conferences to attend. Of course, there's a global international conference that's put on by my parent organization, which is the Open Education Consortium. And it's in different countries every year. This year it's in the Netherlands. So, it'll be a wonderful celebration of open ed. The Open Education Conference, though, is a national conference held in the U.S. generally, sometimes in Canada. But this year it is in October and it will be in upstate New York. And it's a wonderful three days of hearing about all of the projects going on around the world. And there's a, sorry, around the country primarily. And there's a very heavy community college attendance. So, you'll get a chance to see it from both sides of the aisle, so to speak. By the way, all of our webinars, our monthly webinars are archived and they're available if you want to check those out. They're up on our website. So, I encourage you to join in the conversation, participate with CCCOER, and check out our online resources. And now I'm open for questions if we still have time. Thank you. Do you mind if I give you a mic so I can hear you? Okay. So, there's been one question. So, I'm going to walk the mic over. Alrighty. Thank you for the talk and the information. I have a question, so now the OER is very useful and helpful for the students. But now I realize on Amazon or some other websites also have such as WET. And then I realized for some textbooks, it costs like a hundred and maybe two hundred dollars. If you rent it, it's only $19 for a semester. I just wonder if this will be another, if this will be another, I'm not going to say competitive, but which way you think will be the better way for students? Okay. Well, thank you. Thank you for that question. So, yes, Amazon and some of the other online vendors have been providing rental programs. Now, one thing that you want to keep in mind is students may in fact want to keep the textbook beyond the time of the course. And often these online, they're digital rentals and they're good for a semester or so. And unfortunately, as I think those of you who teach with online homework systems with your students as well, the commercial ones, students have access for a semester. Now, if a student fails a course, they no longer have access to the materials. They have to repurchase it. So, and that would be true with the rental. If they fail the course and have to retake it, they would have to re-rent the textbook. So, OER is available online for free. It's available to them indefinitely. Generally, you can download it. The student can also print it themselves. So, it is one of the principles of open education is that you can retain the resource indefinitely. So, from a student perspective, I think the OER offers quite a bit more. But there may be some cases where there isn't an OER textbook and perhaps a rental will be the best other option. So, thank you for the question. It's a good one. Thanks. I have another one is, I just handed it to Ramona and then I just turned it off. Should we come back to you? Yeah. Okay. Anyone else out there? Thank you for your talk. My question is, sorry, your peer review studies show that only 10% of students reported OER texts were worse for their learning. I was looking at peer review studies last night reading comprehension with digital texts and just quoting from another peer review study. Main findings show that students who read texts in print scored significantly better on their reading comprehension than students who read texts digitally. So, in my classes and most of my readings are digital, we talk about this and I have them write things in a notebook and sort of get over this not being able to remember what they read digitally. So, do you have any suggestions or did you want to? Yeah. Thank you for that question. It's an excellent question and I really think it's a faculty choice. OER by its nature, well, I would say really all educational materials these days are created digitally, but how you deliver them to students is entirely, I believe, a faculty choice and so many of these textbooks are available in print form as well and students can print individual pages. So, absolutely you should, as a faculty member, make that decision. Now, if the materials you're using aren't available in a low-cost print option, so occasionally some resources may not be, you may want to look at using either your print center on campus might be an option or there are some online sites like lulu.com and I know that Bianca I'm sure could help you with this, but where you can post a PDF and students can get very inexpensive print copies through that site and you simply post the PDF for free up there and then students can go up there and order one, but for a very inexpensive, you know, we're talking like $10 kind of things. But, you know, once again, I think whether you deliver to students in a digital format or print or both, even optimally to make it available to students who, you know, maybe for some reason are print disabled and need the digital. So, I think that's really a faculty choice and then working with your Center for Teaching and Learning and making sure that you can provide the proper resources for your students. So, thank you for that question. Thanks. I'm back again. So, my question is when you, when students register online for the online source, they have to open up the right or they can just click the class and then go. Well, yeah. So, it, you know, it really depends on, I'm going to assume that you're talking about textbooks. So, open textbooks. Yeah, open textbooks, how they access, they have to have their own account and then they put their personal information in there, like the name. Yeah, actually that's, you know, so the main open textbook publisher is OpenStacks. It offers between 25 to 30 very high quality open textbooks. Students can download directly from there. They do not have to create an account. Faculty can create an account on OpenStacks if they want to be able to receive the teacher resources. So, you know, I mentioned to you those test banks and those PowerPoints. If you want to be able to get ahold of those to teach your course, you need to register as a faculty member because OpenStacks doesn't give those away to students. They don't really want the test banks posted on the internet. So, but students can download directly. What many faculty do though actually is they download it and they put it into the LMS for their students if you're using an LMS, but you can also direct the students directly to the website and they don't have to create an account on OpenStacks or enter any private information. They can simply read directly from the website or they can download a PDF and read it on their desktop. Okay, thanks. Thank you for your presentation. I was interested in this movement and its relationship to publishing companies. And since you've been around so long, I thought maybe you could just comment on that. That's working or not with publishing companies. I'm not sure what your question is exactly. How are publishing companies reacting to this? Is that the question? Yeah, exactly. Yeah, well, you know, the publishing companies in the last 10 years have been, you know, suffering from, you know, kind of a technology revolution. If you look at their revenues, they've been down. Open Educational Resource is really only a part of it. But it's simply that, you know, if you look at the photo industry and what happened with film, that's really what's happening with textbooks. And now a number of publishers are looking at embracing Open Educational Resources because an open license also allows them to reuse those materials. And there's nothing in the license that prevents that if you use the standard license. So you have to be a little careful when the publishers get involved in open education. But we're, you know, we're looking at these different business models. They're looking at providing additional services beyond the open content. So they're taking open stacks textbooks, content like that. And they're wrapping it around their services. So, you know, obviously they have a business to run. So you, I would say it's early days in that the publishers, you know, if you'd asked me this question five years ago, the publishers were ranting and raving about OER and talking about how poor the quality was and how terrible students were going to be doing if they used, if faculty used OER in their classrooms. Well, we've got the data that says otherwise now. So they kind of changed their tune and said, oh, okay, well, maybe we can play this game too. So I'd say that the jury's out. I would encourage you to be skeptical about the promises of publishers and being open. But I wouldn't discount it. You know, there may be, we just have to wait and see what emerges. So thanks for that question. Is it real quick or because we got to move on to our panel discussion? It's not quick. Okay, so let's just stop. Thank you for her presentation and thank you. Well, thank you so much for letting me join you this morning. And my email address is on there. So if any questions come up afterwards, please feel free to email me and I'd love to talk some more. All right, well, thank you again. You're welcome. Have a great day, everyone.