 So from our next speaker from a different field and a different generation than the rogeo But still very much a power woman. I feel she's here to From a more scientific point of view tell us a little bit about the relation between men and women So, please welcome Danish psychologist and author Yudip Wickelsö Does it work? Yes. Now it works I've been traveling all over the world teaching and doing workshops around social injustice and Diversity and I've been asked today to talk about the differences between men and women in the context Thank you In the context of the Me Too movement So I named my talk and I'm going to read this for you come together The dynamics of the sexes and how culture Created a divide our generation Godament so when we talk about differences between men and women it's very important to differentiate between biology and culture When we talk about biology, we talk about male and female We talk about sexual differences and these are universal and can't be changed When we talk about culture We talk about cultural definitions of what it means to be feminine or masculine So we talk about cultural culturally defined roles and these can be changed significantly So the Me Too movement is a cultural process of redefining these cultural roles. Oh Was already there So the biological differences has their root in hormonal differences For example the male hormone testosterone and I don't mean to be crude So I'll just hide behind Ken Wilbur's words when he says testosterone Has two drives and only two drives It's fuck it or kill it In other words In other words, it's about reproduction and survival Testosterone makes you incredibly driven to break limits To push the envelope and in the process bring new discoveries The female equivalent points to oxytocin Also known as the relationship drug So oxytocin induces incredibly strong feelings of nurturing and attachment It's a state of relational being So oxytocin is all about relating relating relating. It's about mothering and it's about the child's well-being So these hormones create differences in our value spheres Testosterone tend towards autonomy and agency. It's about removing obstacles and problems Oxytocin on the other hand tend toward relationship and communion It's about relational awareness So men tend to stress autonomy fear relationships and Must learn to embrace relational being Women tend to stress relationships fear autonomy and must learn autonomy That was to understand our cultural roles We have to go back to the invention of the plough There's no single tool in human history that has wrecked as much havoc as the invention As much havoc between the sexes as the invention of the plough If we go back to the hunter-gatherer societies There's a very strong tradition about sharing and equality Both sexes were invaluable to survival For example women gathered up to 80 percent of the daily food supply They would come back with information about animal herds about water holes and with Information about friends and foes so in that sense the sexes were Financially sexually and socially much more equal But when our ancestors these nomads settled to farm the land too big Shifts happens to the equality between men and women Suddenly there's a surplus of food Meaning there's a capital So with farming comes ownership and With ownership comes the need to secure the family possessions for the next generation We always know who the mother is Let's show with the father that problem was remedied by restricting women's freedom We now have a sexual double standard women have suddenly become possessions But the subordination of women intensifies further with the invention of the plough The plough is very heavy It takes brute force to drive it and it it needs strong big heavy animals to pull it this resulted in a very high rate of Miscarriages and at this point in time children were not a Project they were an necessity for survival. They were needed in the field So with the plough with the invention of the plough Women's labor was suddenly devalued Women were judged inferior to men and they had now lost their ancient Honored role as the provider of the evening meal Men was now the bearer of the family seat where as women were only the vessel The man was the head of the family He was in charge of the money and he was supervising work on the farm This is the rise of patriarchy and With the rise of patriarchy follows The dominator hierarchy So let's look at the differences between a dominator hierarchy and a natural hierarchy a Dominator hierarchy is obviously testosterone driven It's about competition It's about domination the winner takes it all and a dominator hierarchy has a very very interesting psychology No matter your position in a dominator hierarchy You will always have an acute awareness of the privileges of those on the level above you and You will have an acute awareness about how their position affect your life You will have much less if any awareness about your own privileges Compared to those below and you will hardly know anything about how your position affect those below So the higher you are in the hierarchy the more power the more Privileges the blinder you become to the lack of privileges of others Why is that? The oxytocin aspect is marginalized in a dominator hierarchy So what would a hierarchical structure that has the oxytocin aspect implemented look like? Arthur Kirstler came up with a structure. He called a holarchy a Holarchy is also called a natural Hierarchy because it follows the principles of evolution and evolution has two tenets It always goes beyond while Including what went before a holarchy is made up of something. That's called Hollands and a Holland has two drives It needs to be a self contained Hole meaning it needs to have autonomy and agency Simultaneously it needs to be able to be a part of some other hole meaning it needs to have a Relational awareness so We can say that a Holland so to speak embodies both the testosterone drive and the oxytocin drive so let me explain this example Take the letter a It is in and off a self a hole at the same time It has the ability to be a part of some other hole a word So let's take the word cat a cat is in and of itself a hole at the same time It has the ability to be a part of some other more complex hole like a sentence The cat was black That's in and of itself a hole at the same time It can be a part of a more complex structure like a paragraph that again can be a part of a Chapter that again can make up a book But if you take a word out of a sentence it loses meaning and It collapses into its lower level Components now we just have a pile of words If you take a letter out of a word it becomes meaningless and It collapses into its lower level components now you just have a heap of letters So in the same way If an individual tries to usurp a position in a natural hierarchy Meaning if an individual wants to be a whole only and not Simultaneously a part of some other hole The natural hierarchy will collapse into a dominator hierarchy Because like with the words and the letters The complexity of the whole Collapses into the lower level organization if we take a watch apart We can analyze all the parts of the watch But what we have now is a pile of parts that can no longer tell us the time So with the rise of patriarchy the sexes were divided Men became holes only while women were reduced reduced to parts only The testosterone drive was centralized and the oxytocin drive was marginalized But when testosterone becomes the dominating force in the center Obstacles are overcome rather than related to And of course it goes without saying The tester the testosterone drive is invaluable to survival on this planet But on its own without the interplay of Its relational counterpart oxytocin it is simply destructive the me too movement is Marginalized parts reclaiming their wholeness reclaiming their agency reclaiming their autonomy Refusing to remain parts only and We see it all over the world now Marginalized parts is pushing forth We saw the enormous women's demonstration in DC and all over the world The day after Trump was the Trump's inauguration Trump who insists on being a whole only We have black life matter movement. We have climate marches all over the place and The youth has finally succeeded in forcing the gun lobby to its knees The oxytocin awareness is Reclaiming its proper place in the global hierarchy Not to dominate But to join forces with the testosterone drive We finally reached a tipping point The marginalized voices are insisting on being heard and we got to listen Because they are the ones who knows what is missing at the center But we also wise to listen Because today's holes Will be tomorrow's parts Evolution will move on with or without us breaking new limits While simultaneously include what went before Thank you