 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls 2K College and nowadays I am discussing about the topic adult education with you all. So the topic of today's discussion is role of voluntary agencies in adult education and the lecture is useful for various professional as well as regular courses and for your competitive teaching examinations too. So first of all, voluntary agencies and voluntary association. We are talking about what is the concept of pro-education and how this concept has evolved from before independence to today. We talked about the national literacy mission, how NPE brought adult education to the forefront and for that NLM was established and how NLM worked from the eradication of illiteracy to the residual of removal of residual illiteracy. That means if there is any left of Niraksharta, then how should we remove it? There are three pronged approach. How does it work? First it is a total literacy campaign, then post literacy program and continuing education program. So we have discussed all this with you. We have also discussed this because it is such a great project. If you want to go to such a grassroots level, then it cannot be successful only in doing government work. In this, you need the support of community, NGOs, non-governmental organizations and voluntary associations. That is why you have such a great project. We have such a great nation like India. You can achieve it. So we need to know how NGOs play their role in the field of adult education. So first of all we will go to voluntary agencies or voluntary association. Michael Benton has defined that it is a group organized for the pursuit of one interest or of several interests in common. It is not a group of persons organized on the basis of voluntary membership without state control for the furtherance of some common interests of its members. That is, we have no control over the interests of the state. We have joined its membership with our own will and we have become a group of people with common interests. Lord Bivri, who defines voluntary organization as one which whether its work is paid or unpaid is initiated and governed by its own members without external control. It may be paid for or not paid for, but it is not controlled by anyone. That is the meaning of voluntary association. Then there are four essential elements in any voluntary association. When will you say that it is a Swachik Sangathan. It should have four main elements. One is method of formation, which is voluntary on the part of a group of people. What is the method of Sangathan? Method of government with self-governing organization to decide on its constitution, its servicing, its policy and its clients. We should have a method of self-governing, who will govern, how will its constitution be, how will the service be provided, how will we have to make some policy, what will be the criteria of membership, we will have to make this one. So, a method of formation, then method of government, method of financing. From time to time, we need financing, how will the organization work, how will we invest our money, what will we seek from the government, what is our financial assistance. With at least some of its revenues drawn from voluntary sources. I mean, there is a rich person who is paying for something voluntarily, denoting, donating, we need to see this. And motives of profit excluded, we don't need to see our profit anywhere. We don't need to see our profit. We want to do something with interest, if we want to do something like this, then it is voluntary association. Organizations having all the four elements are rare and perhaps are only the ideal forms. He is saying that if you get these four elements, then it is very rare that the formation is also good, the method of government is also your set, how to run, the financing is very transparent, and motives of profit are not even there. So it is rare that you get four elements and if you get it, then you can say that it is an ideal voluntary association. This is the state of voluntary association or voluntary agencies. Then when NLM talked, when it happened, when it happened, when we needed the support of NGOs, we needed the support of the community, then we can get it. So it was thought that why don't we do some assistance, the government can make a new association in every place, it can recruit people. So the NGOs that are working in this way for adult education, why don't we provide assistance to them so that they can do their work well. So assistance to voluntary agencies for adult education programs scheme under the National Literacy Mission. This is heading. NLM has been talking about giving assistance to the organizations that are working for adult education. The scheme of assistance to voluntary agencies in the field of adult education was designed and started in the first five-year plan. See, in the first Panchawarshi Yojana, it was said that we will do something like this and was continued with expanded scope in the subsequent plans. And as the Chaturth Panchawarshi Yojana was formed, it was expanded more. The National Police Unification, NPE 1986 had stipulated that non-governmental and voluntary organizations, including social activist group would be encouraged and financial assistance provided to them subject to proper management. NPE Rashtri Shiksha Neeti, who shared with you, said that non-governmental and voluntary organizations would be encouraged and financial assistance would be provided to them subject to proper management. The program of action. You must know that NPE 1986 is a follow-up program of action that happened in 1901. So what is it saying? To operationalize NPE 1986. It means that we can bring it into operational mode. It is not that our policy does not remain on paper. The program was done for this purpose. It happened for the first time that there was no policy and its follow-up program was also there. And stipulated in eight minutes. NPE 1986 inter-alia inviscid, inviscid relationship of genuine partnership between the government and voluntary agencies and stipulated that government would take positive steps to promote their wider involvement by providing facilities to participate in the implementation of programs by streamlining of procedures for selection of VA's and grant of financial assistance to them. That means POA said that you definitely need the support of voluntary agencies. You will have to find them. If you go into more detail, then voluntary agencies have a form. They fill it up and give it to the ministry to seek assistance. And the ministry chooses it. If it really feels good that it will do a good job, then it provides financial assistance. MHRD, M minister of education, and also the ministry of welfare which is related to adult education. So it was discussed that why not seek and find them in voluntary agencies and give financial assistance to them so that our scope of covering more and more people can be fulfilled. Then objectives and role of voluntary agencies have gone up. So it was thought that what their goals should be and what role of voluntary agencies should be so that we give them financial assistance. So the main objective of the scheme is to secure extensive involvement of VA's in NLM. The activities for which grants would be admissible to the VA's under the scheme would include the following. They are saying that which voluntary agencies are going to do this work, they will tell themselves that we are going to do this work so we will grant them. So the first point is taking responsibility in well defined areas for eradication of illiteracy and running of post literacy and continuing education programs through the establishment of Janashikshan Nilayam and other appropriate activities. Means whatever Sanstha is, whatever Swachhik Sanstha is your continuing education program will run, Janashikshan Nilayam will be made in small areas and they will work accordingly. Then organization of functional illiteracy component in developmental programs such as health care, women's development, environmental conservation, SCST development, poverty alleviation programs etc. As if something is wrong, something is mistaking. So organization of functional illiteracy component should also have an organization that how they will illiterate people, will run developmental programs such as health care programs, women's development, environmental conservation, SCST development. Then organization of programs of vocational and technical education for imparting such skills is becoming more and more relevant to the needs and interests of the neoliterates ensuring that women participate in such programs with men. They should also talk about such programs that will run vocational, technical education, technical education, which are neoliterates that have just been launched. They have got new knowledge and their needs and interests can be fulfilled and they can ensure that women's participation in such programs is more or less equal to men. When the under-take resource was set, I don't know how it came down. Under-take resource development to activities including curriculum development, production of teaching, learning material, training of adult education functionaries, audiovisual and other instruction, training aids, including establishment of SRCs, DRU etc. State Resource Center. So they are saying to talk about the program of resource development and technical education. Who is making curriculum? How to make curriculum? The neoliterates can cater to their needs and interests. We can make such a TLM, teaching, learning material, audiovisual aid. Who will do all this? There will be some institutions, some people who will do it. So this is the purpose of the voluntary agency. If we tell them that we will provide financial assistance, if you want to do this, we will provide financial assistance so that you don't have to lose money. So that we can make everyone a witness. This is the issue behind it. Innovation, experimentation, learning, reverberation and action research, taking up varied and comprehensive programs for women's development, organization of symposia, seminars and conferences and organization of books, newspapers, newspapers, wallpapers etc. for furtherance of the objectives of NLM and undertakes such other activities as maybe appropriate for achievement of the objectives of NLM. So the objective of NLM is to make the aim for the main guideline, that is the aim of the National Government which has given its objective. And then in the ministry we will If you want to work like this, then you will need resources and you will be able to go to the ground level and go to the grass root level. Then we will talk about which NGOs are working in the field of adult education. But we have only discussed two things here. One is Akshara or Akshar. You call it Akshara and it is a Menda Foundation. So what does Akshara work on? Adult education program aims at extending educational options to those underprivileged adult women who have lost the opportunity and have crossed the age of formal education but now feel a need for learning of any type including literacy, basic education, skill development and equivalency. Akshara is a organization that works in the field of adult education and it works for underprivileged adult women. There are a lot of NGOs that work for children and underprivileged girls. But we have to talk about adult education so we have covered those that are working in adult education. So this organization works for underprivileged adult women. The women who have lost the opportunity and have crossed the age of formal education but now feel a need for learning of any type including literacy, basic education, skill development and equivalency. A Menda Foundation provides an adult literacy program developed by TCS. Tata Consultancy Services runs it. To give primary education for adults in the rural areas. In rural areas, the program aims to teach the basics of alphabets and arithmetic which are indispensable in day to day activities including farming and business. There are a lot of programs that have not been discussed. A farmer literacy program is also run by the government. The knowledge of the farmers is practical knowledge. But like the diet, what is a spidey date written on it or what is the instruction written on it. They can only read it when they have the knowledge of alphabets. So for them, the alphabets of alphabets are covered in adult education. They only can read it if they are able to write. What are the instructions that are being inspired? How do we use it or can we open a small bank account? All these things require knowledge of alphabets. Tata Consultancy Services runs a new concept called CSR. CSR is Corporate Social Responsibility. All corporate businessmen of the world have a social responsibility. The concept is that since you are earning so much and you have so much money, then why don't you do something for the society that is your responsibility, then do it for the society. So, this kind of doing is mandatory for them. So, these kinds of NGOs keep running this. So, adult literacy program TCS is running. Aksharik Pihle is one of the many. You can do many more quotes. I have told you just two. So, this is the role of NGOs in adult education, of voluntary agencies. And see, what is the benefit of voluntary agencies? Why can they do better work? Because they are free from external control. What is your government system, it is mandatory. It will work according to that. It cannot be done in a single way from here to there. But here you are free to go to which level you can work. You can mix more with them. You have no control over you. You are autonomous. You are independent. So, this is why they can do better work on a grassroots level. In comparison to government organizations. And adult education is such a dangerous work. So, it is impossible for the government to do it. It needs to be done together. For NGOs or normal people, for general people, for community participation. So, what can the government do? It can provide financial assistance. If you are doing good work. So, this is the role of voluntary organizations in the field of adult education. Adult education is in your course. It can be provided to you. So, you should know. So, I covered video on this. So, I covered adult education concept, development. It has a main program, NLM, national interest mission and role of voluntary agencies in the field of adult education. Okay. So, thank you. And don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. And it is done from my side.