 Today is a completely different angle to the whole story. So, we will go creative today and we will have lots of different things to look forward to. We will start with design and color. Now, as the subject says it is about the basic graphic design area. Again, every time now onwards whatever I am talking you have a task to map it to the relevance of our subject. Now, what does what do I mean by that? So, we are typically all of us are filmmakers, all of us are video production people and luckily or by design all these principles of colors, all the principles of graphic design stand as the same weight what they stand for the still frames as compared to the video. So, it is not like if you say that contrast and these things are very good in photography and not related in video it is not true. So, it is the same principle which is applicable here in video. In fact, sometimes it is more applicable because it is a moving image finally. So, you have to see to it that all the images have the similar thing instead of just one image. So, that makes it very important and I am not sure about people present here who have or who do not have the background of art as such, but let me try and cover up very very basic things sometimes you may find it very very very very basic, but we have probably not carefully thought over it. I am aware of some people in the audience who have done their fine arts and who have properly studied design graphics and layout and color schemes and all that in the 5 years course what they have gone through, but I also know some people who have done completely tangential things. So, some people who have done microbiology and some people who have done commerce and some people who have done political science may be. So, with that I think we will start with the agenda for today, we will have some basic principles about graphic design, we will also see some examples, we will touch base on some color theory, we will see some color schemes, some examples again and we will have assignments as usual. So, these are typical graphic design principles so to say, I do not want to say that these are the only 5 principles and there is nothing else beyond this, but these are typically the most interesting and the most commonly found graphic design principles. And we will go in detail with each and every aspect of this principle, because it will teach you something very different every time you go and visit, but how many people in the so you guys can start participating now. So, all of you have heard of these phrases, you have heard about balance, you talk about it like emphasis, rhythm, unity, contrast. Contrast is the most easiest of all I suppose, because video may contrast. So, because we are probably constantly recording a lot of indoor stuff, outdoor we will have the theories definitely telling us a lot of things. So, how many people actually apart from the BFA people, how many people actually know couple of these theories what I am talking about. So, going with the balance first. So, balance is a actually a principle which is used typically to explain or present a particular idea in a given feed. Now, if so I am now onwards I will be using this green box as my example area and the left hand side white box as my explanation area. So, this is a standard design principle I am following for my presentation now. So, typically balance can be achieved in two ways, one is a symmetrical and one is an asymmetrical way of designing. So, the one of the examples which I have had shown there was about a, was it symmetrical or asymmetrical what you saw now, was it symmetrical or asymmetrical? Symmetrical right, because if you draw a line in the center you will have exactly the similar things on both the side. This is the most typical design format which is very very commonly used, because it will go with any requirement you have to write anything you have to write a wedding invitation card or you have to write a just a paragraph about something we you can just write it in center layout typically it will look ok. Now the fun starts when you have to actually make it so nice that people should definitely read it and it should also have the relevance to the subject. For example, if I am writing notes of this particular talk talk what I am giving right now I cannot write in center layout right, because it is not something which is a poem or it is not a invitation card design or something. So, every aspect will require certain design principle. Now for example, in our parlance now let us go back to our subject. So, in video so how do you do the symmetrical and then symmetrical design right. So, symmetrical would be so we are probably recording this video right now what is happening. So, we have suppose the persons face here. So, this would be definitely what? Symmetrical right. Now if I do this so this will be asymmetrical not only asymmetrical it will be completely imbalanced people will not know what is happening here in this area whether something is coming up here and why is this kept blank and these all these things will start suddenly rolling in when you have the particular layout of this thing. This is also very important in terms of the titling. All these graphic design colored things principles will mainly map to the titling and the graphics part what you do in the video, but we I am also going some more into the live video. So, for example, the text is to be written about the title of the course skill development in whatever. So, we have this slide also right, but let me show you this. So, if I write skill development course in post production blah, blah, blah and Samir Sahasrabuddeh this works right this is a symmetrical design it works very well no problem. The moment I do suppose skill development course I like Samir Sahasrabuddeh like this like IIT Bombay like this this is completely asymmetrical without any balance and nobody knows where things are standing. You have to watch these things carefully because we will have assignments based on this. So, that is why you need to be very clear about what we are doing. Another very good example of any good principle of showing a particular design is using a principle called emphasis. So, now without telling what is the most important square in this design you can spot right. So, this one this one is the most important square here right because it is bigger than all these things and that is why it is very easily found out. Another things happen in layout also for example, we are tight we are doing a title of a course. Now the course title is suppose fluid dynamics and speaker is Samir Sahasrabuddeh suppose it is given in IIT Bombay. Now based on the fact of emphasis what should be the most emphasis emphasized matter anybody what should be the line which should have the most of the emphasis maximum emphasis to three things I said right course name speakers name organization name out of the three which one should have course name ok. So, now the suddenly if I say and then say fluid dynamics and I write IIT Bombay. So, this holds well if I want to say for example, Barack Obama's speech. Now the subject what Barack Obama is going to talk is slightly not of the same emphasis what we want to. So, what we can do is we that time we have Barack Obama written such big thing and he talks about some global warming or whatever then that becomes the small thing. So, it depends on the requirement every time and then that call it should be taken by the designers. So, that is why emphasis is important ok. We will have something called rhythm now there are same elements I am using again, but they are put up in a rhythm now. So, that we can follow a certain thing now if I want to if I want to bridge these two things the in between objects provide me the complete rhythm of the whole thing. Now the use of that rhythm is to be done very very carefully because it cannot be done for everything and anything. For example, again I will come back to the slide of any educational thing. In typically in this presentation software you will have the facility of rotating text and other things, but you cannot use it for every now and then. For example, again if I want to give a subject of maybe robotics and artificial intelligence. So, I possibly cannot write it like this right. So, robotics and artificial intelligence cannot be written like this even if they give this options the software will have all the options of doing it like this, but the moment you do it like that it is not sounding as it is a robotics course right. So, where can this thing go in which subject can you use that for example, any subject cultural programs fine. So, basically it is related to wherever there is some music sound dance or some art form which is which is fluid which is not very strict the moment you have to say some strict things you want straighter approach. So, these are these are very basic, but very effective things unity or what I actually call it discipline. So, where you have a certain for example, this these things. So, emphasis this cannot be used for one very classic case of creating a table. Suppose I want to create a table of some 50 entries data entries and some complete report of 50 things suddenly if I start giving emphasis to one figure here and one box is bigger than the other we will not be able to get the data. So, some things like tables and all will require this design. So, this is a very common and unique design possibility where you cannot escape this and the last one is about contrast. So, contrast is again into the shapes and here I am adding the element of color also. So, the moment you have a different color different shape different size the contrast is bigger. So, every time you want to emphasize another thing by separating it out you can play the contrast thing you can do it black on white white on black. So, you must have seen that the most important thing sometimes is also given importance using a black background right you write the text in white. So, these are the typically the standard principles which are used and like I said I have introduced color at this point. So, it is mainly because of the fact that we will be going into color from this point onwards. So, there are some very few and very interesting keywords which I have been listening to and you all must have been listening using these words and I do not know how many of you exactly know the definitions of these. So, definitions by saying that I only mean that these definitions are the technical definitions. But how many people have heard these words? So, anybody has heard this word called U right. So, what is the U? So, non-technical people only can answer. So, others cannot. So, anybody has heard this word U or saturation any word you know the meaning for out of all these words? Any word out of these? Contrast malume, brightness malume. And chroma malume. Alpham means this is not the alpha beta gamma of our mathematics, this is not the alpha part of the flash. Colors colors colors colors colors colors colors colors colors colors colors colors so, brightness is there. So, what is alpha? Opacity opacity opacity means the transparency of to be increased fine. Gradient gradient both logon use here right gradient from dark to light light to dark over gradient. So, from one point to other right. So, we will go in actually details and also the very very specific definitions of these words. Because these are very important according to me that we use these words, but it is very important to know them also properly. So, we use the proper words at proper points. So, amlog both jagapay, galat word use kardite and that is a very bad technique to have. So, u when I searched for u on the web these are some of the definitions I got. So, the one of them says the property of colors by which they can be perceived. So, particular gradation of color a shade or a tint. Now, all these words also carry meaning. So, these are sometimes it has like more than one meanings, but we will take only the specific meanings. The color of an object a color or a shade basically I like the last one. It is another word for color. It is a very simple definition, but very practical definition. So, u even if it sounds very foreign word and very different word to remember it is a very simple word to remember for that is color. So, basically u is another word for color. So, in a color wheel you have to forget everything else only look at the last rim. So, a sub joha. So, now all these things are the different use. Then what is saturation? So, saturation is actually the degree of u in a given shade of color. So, this has how much red in it and how much basically it will have some black and some red. So, the amount of red is called the saturation of red in that color. Are you getting the point? So, basically we will also go to one very interesting website. Very interesting tutorial this person has created on colors. So, this is saturation actually. So, the moment we say 100 percent saturation of any color it is the top band and especially in this band we will have only 10 percent of saturation. So, this color actually especially this color if you select this has only 10 percent of blue right. So, this is this is we all say that this is a sky blue or a light blue or whatever, but this is basically saturation if I want to define saturation with the help of this thing. I will say that this has 10 percent of blue and it may have another colors also, but the saturation of blue in this shade is 10 percent. So, this is a unit to measure the color inside that shade that is the point. So, is everybody clear or should we go ahead now and the last thing is about value. Why I have selected this hue saturation and value is because of the fact that we all use softwares which will give us image manipulation options and HSV is a very very popular filter what we use typically. So, for that reason I thought I will use these three terms hue saturation and value and the value is. So, the color entire color theory is based on this circle where the edge of the circle is the hue as I said this particular thing is the saturation or the chroma people have actually different notions about chroma and saturation also, but anyway let us not get into that and the value is about the whiteness or the blackness of the color is called the value. So, like this is a very good example actually that is why I kept this image. So, this is a place where it is showing up how value is increased in this particular column. So, here if you see so this is 100 percent and this is 10 percent. So, again the value increases as we go up right. Now, this person has also done some very interesting designs he has presented the same designs using different words what we are mentioning right now. So, if I change the values how will it look if I change the saturation how will it look if I change the hue how will it look. So, these kind of things he has done in very nicely. We can actually go and use this website for our educational purpose because I have already communicated to this person and he has agreed to allow us to use this for our educational things. So, I have already got an email from this person that you can use this his website for this thing. So, we can actually this will be part of my presentation slides which you can take down and then later on visit this. Again we discussed something called gradient. So, gradient is actually from a range of colors between any two given colors is gradient. So, it can be light to dark, but from yellow to violet also it is a gradient right it need not be only black to white or only light to dark it can be from any color to any color it is a gradient right. So, here which are the two colors this these are the two colors right. Again the notion of gradient people also sometimes feel that it is only from one thing to other normally they only imagine gradient as this like this, but there is something called a radial gradient also which can be circular and from one color to another color you can go. So, I am just revisiting these things sometimes you may feel the point is that we need to know the exact wordings and we need to use them also properly that is the point. So, like in here you will have what is this then this gradient with multiple colors right and all these you cannot spot any single color at any point you will have multiple colors rolling in between and there is something called alpha. So, alpha is people rightly that they say opacity channel or the transparency level of a given object is called alpha. Now, here is a small example that this particular orange circle and this blue square intersect at this particular arc and this particular piece like you see the dotted background from here. So, this is completely transparent what you see here semi transparent. So, what has happened here is that the alpha is slightly different. So, alpha may be 30 or 40 where you can see the light blue and also the background here. So, this is called alpha where you can have it from 0 to 100 any particular setting is called alpha brightness and contrast everybody knows everybody has cameras and everybody has handle brightness and contrast, but anyway I just thought in the spirit of this course I will again revisit these things. So, it is again overall lighting levels of the image and the definitely the brightness if you increase it will make it brighter. The very important thing to be noted here is that it possibly cannot be done you know over manner because it will also kill the details of that. So, for example, you can see the blue particular tone here of the water inside here you hardly can imagine whether is water or is directly in the sunlight this particular fish whether is in the sunlight or is inside the water you cannot make out that. So, it also depends on how much levels you use. So, deliberately I use this picture to show you that excess of brightness or excess of contrast will also lead to problems. This typically happens in what we use in videos because we start using higher quality brightness contrast for a better sharper things then it can also kill the essence. That is a very typical example is again of our video recordings where we suggest the faculty do not wear white shirts because the moment you wear white shirts we have a problem here because everything else will become brighter. So, now that we have understood most of the words in color theory let us go to the different color schemes. So, everybody has seen the color wheel right. So, color wheel is comprising of these six colors basically I would go back to the website to show you this. Again recently when we did some animation on color theory we realized that there are different basic colors in different domains. For example, in our video domain we call it RGB there is no yellow because the yellow is given from the cathode ray tube right. So, we do not have a separate color called yellow in our video parlance we call it RGB yellow is created right what we had the session by Sajjan last time. But in printing industry or in the art industry where you have paints and you these are the three basic colors actually. So, they are called red yellow and blue and with the combination of these three colors you can make the secondary colors. So, the primary colors are these three and the secondary colors definitely red and yellow mix up become orange and red and blue become violet and this becomes green. So, we will have secondary colors here afterwards. So, how many people know the exact theory behind the complementary colors has anybody tried a particular thing may be the people in art school have done that, but we did it again here. The particularly the complementary color that the opposite color of this color is the image what you get after you close your eyes that is in subconscious state. So, what happens is if you have this color you will have somewhere nearer to this color which is exactly complementary to that. So, this is I just we had to do this exercise as a part of our foundation course in our art school. We all were asked to paint a favorite color take it out from the bottle paint it on the paper and make a square of that. We didn't realize why this old professor is telling us something like this which was like we were feeling design and there were no projectors at that time where he could show that. So, he had done this and then he had also asked us very interesting thing to draw another square where you fill in the color what you saw there and then we had to put that remembering sky blue, light blue. So, the point was to come to the color wheel now. So, the color wheel is based on the fact that as I already we have the yellow the red and this color wheel anyway like I told you this is taken from the video areas. So, this is as a RGB as a main thing, but we will have this particular color wheel as our standard color wheel for the color mixing at least. So, whatever color schemes what we do what you see in life are based on this color wheel. So, this color wheel has different color schemes based on the requirements. So, the main color scheme is typically used which is monochromatic where you will have all the shades of the same hue. Now, we will start talking in terms of the words what we have learnt already. So, what is hue? Hue is another name of color right. So, shades of the same color is called a monochromatic color scheme which is like same color. So, this point is constant you can just go in the direction where it will meet the center point, but you cannot go here and there. So, that is called monochromatic you will have a color scheme called complementary where you can go in contrast. So, you can have if you select one color on this side of the circle you select the other color which is completely opposite 180 degrees opposite of this color right. And then you have some interesting shades here then you also have something called analogous wherein you can go to the neighborhoods. Take color choose a step left, take step right is called analogous color scheme. This is also very popular color scheme, but it is slightly different than monochromatic like you see now here you have at least 12 colors here which are fairly different than each other right. Then there is something called split complementary also which is like you complementary was if you choose this color you have to go exactly opposite in split complementary you split the opposite color into two colors and then go nearby that. So, for the blue you can you need not take orange you can take red and you can take yellow. So, this is called split complementary color scheme which is also used quite often, but the most important fact what I wanted to explain using this thing comes now which is about the u saturation brightness everything of the given color scheme. So, how can you construct a color scheme based on this. So, for example, you have a you have a color wheel right. So, you have red, yellow and blue and then you have another triangle of the secondary colors which is orange, violet and green right and here is probably white and on the other side is black somewhere here. So, it means that from orange if you keep on adding black at a point it will become complete jet black right and here if you keep on reducing orange it will become white. The point here is when you want to create a color scheme apart from the four color schemes whatever I have been saying just now. The important factor remember is the two colors what you select what is the relation between these two colors. So, for example, now let us take a case about we want to design suppose may be a welcome slide for a certain course. Now, we need to have certain background. Now, we can select that we will take some color right now suppose we take what color do you want to choose. So, red is like from black to white and all shades of red in between suppose we select some color now which one which shade lighter or darker lighter pink ok. So, suppose we are here somewhere right the point is that now you want to put up a text on that now what is the color you will choose for this for the time being let us not worry about black and white we will just leave those they are not colors. So, if you do not have black and white what is the color you will choose we have somewhere here which is like pink shade what you can say. So, now for writing a text on that what is the other side what is the text color green ok green will become green can be from this point to this point and it will be called a complementary color scheme anyway. If you do not want to go into complementary color scheme suppose any other color except for green yellow ok white violet ok. So, you take violet. So, which is nearby that now again from white in sense the lighter violet to the black violet black violet the rule is that you have to have at least 60 percent difference between the contrast levels of two colors. So, if like suppose I say 0 percent white here and 100 percent black here. So, if I say that this is somewhere around. So, red is having around 40 percent and 40 percent of white. So, this is around the pinkish shade. So, especially in violet you cannot use anything which has 40 percent white and you cannot use you have to only use anything which is having above 100 percent of violet till 100 percent of black. So, anything in that range is ok that is the only thing which will give you contrast typically the mistake happens when you select a 70 percent violet or something like which is having a very low contrast with the background which is very nearby or sometimes you select a very dark background or also a darker shade or may be slightly lighter shade. So, the thumb rule is that you have to have at least 60 percent of tonal difference between the two colors what you select and that will only make the thing quite visible otherwise it will be very dull you cannot have a contrast on that. So, black and white is the ideal example of that because you have 100 percent contrast between the two, but the moment you start decreasing. So, if I have a grey paper here. So, you will look at this particular document writer and here there is no difference here, but anyway if I have the blue pen and the black pen then there is hardly any contrast between the two. So, you cannot see them separately like this one. So, you have this black and this blue. So, the contrast is very less, but what they have put in here is a silver writing or the white writing. So, you can see it very clearly if this was written in the same blue color you could not have seen it actually. So, these are the this is a very important rule. So, this you need to remember quite well quite often because typically this will have a lot of bearing on what you do. I have another thing to showcase about the use of fonts which is the next particular topic about discussion.