 Environmental factors such as climate, soil, and water characteristics can all affect the survival of cryptosporidium slash giardia oocysts and the incidence of corresponding diseases. These factors vary across countries and regions, with some being more influential than others. Researchers should continue to monitor and study these factors to better understand their role in the transmission of these diseases. This article was authored by Shih-Han Wang, Su Wang, and Jian-Pen Chao.