 Hello everyone, this is Shila Ratna Banshwade from Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today we are going to see the details of product design. Learning outcomes, students will be able to describe the characteristics of successful products and the challenges faced during product design. Now as we all know, the industrial design or simply product design is carried out to develop successful products. Now when do we see, when do we say that a particular product is successful or we have developed a successful product and what are the challenges faced during doing so? Now the success of the product is the desired output of the manufacturer. Successful product satisfies the customer needs to the maximum extent and so generate profit for the company or for the manufacturer. Let us move further. The characteristics of successful product development. Now to develop a successful product or to have a successful product development process we need to consider the points that are displayed on screen. The first and the foremost is product quality. How good is the product? The customer's perspective is changing due to urbanization. Customers are preferring good quality products, good appearance products, aesthetically good products, ergonomically good products. If your product have all these features, all these quality features, the customers are ready to pay for your product or else the product might be a big failure in the market. The product quality should not be compromised even though you have to do the product development in a very much time constrained feature. Without hampering the product quality, the product development should be done within time. Then the manufacturing or the product cost. Manufacturing cost of product. What are the manufacturing investments that are required to be done by the company to manufacture a particular product? Or need to be considered before actually going for the development of the product? How much the company is going to put into the manufacturing and what it is expecting from the product in terms of monetary benefits? Then development time. The time of completing the product development is nothing but the development time. Now different people from different teams, different departments come together for product development. There should be a license, there should be coordination between all these members of different departments. And having a coordination into them and to develop the product within time is very much important. That too without hampering the quality of the product or some other feature of the product. Without compromising on quality and developing the product on time is very much important and it depends upon the skill of the leader of the team who is developing the particular product. Now then we have development cost. In development cost, how much the company needs to invest in the particular product? Right from the development stage to the launch stage and after the launch stage. How much the company needs to pay for the R&D work of the particular product? For the manufacturing of the particular product? For the packaging and distribution of that particular product? For the advertising of the product? For the marketing of the product? And after sales of the product? All these total cost needs to be considered by the company as an investment cost by the firm. This defines the price of that particular product. So based on the investment of the firm, the price of the final products are decided. Then development capability? Is the firm capable of developing the current product on its available resources? On its available skilled labors? On its available technical machines? Also, is the firm able to develop a new product based on the current setup and current manpower? This needs to be considered to have a successful product development. In case the product developed fails or needs some modifications, the firm should be able to do it in the available resources. So product quality, product cost, development time, development cost and development capability are the characteristics that define a successful product development. Or when these parameters are considered, we can say that yes, we have tried to develop a successful product. Moving further, now who develops the particular product? We have seen what characteristics, what features needs to be incorporated in the particular product or in product development process. Now who are the members, who are the stakeholders that are involved in product development process? As I have mentioned earlier, product development process is a teamwork. The team members are individually from different departments, different units or two companies come together and develop a particular product. So we can say that product development is an interdisciplinary activity, not a single department, not a single person is involved in developing a product. A team of individuals or experts come together under the supervision of the team leader, the product development process is carried out. Now in the development of product, there can be few number of team members to a thousand or hundred number of team members depending upon the size of particular product. Even two firms can club together their members or their employees to develop a particular product. So depending upon the profile of the product, the number of developers or the team can be varied. The first and foremost department or section that is important in product development is marketing. Before you go on for actual manufacturing of the product or designing of the product, market survey and finding out the customer needs is very much important. Without this, you cannot develop a product. You cannot develop a successful product that can cater the varied needs of customers. You have to find the right market for the product. You have to find the right customer for the product. You have to find the right time to launch the particular product. So market survey and customer survey is very much important before you move on to the development of product. Then comes the design department or the design section. After the marketing thing and ideation, idea generation is completed. Problem statement has been completed. Then the design department comes into feature. The design department tries to give features, functionalities and physical form to the particular needs of customers. So design department adds to the beauty of the particular product, adds ergonomics to the product and makes it appealing to the customer. Then comes the manufacturing. In manufacturing, the actual physical form of the product is being prepared or manufactured with the help of available resources. Actual physical form to the drawings prepared in the design or to the customer needs in the marketing section are given form a physical thing or a physical thing is being formed. Apart from this, we have sales, finance and other stakeholders that are responsible in designing and developing a particular product. All these together in coordination and in harmony are required to develop a successful product. Without any one of this or in the absence of any single of the department, it is quite difficult to develop a successful product. You might develop a product but to develop a successful product all these units or departments are required. Moving further, the challenges of product development. Now we have seen what characteristics are required for developing a successful product. Who all are involved to develop a particular product? Now what are the challenges that are faced during development of a product? Balance between parameters. Now when you go for designing a product, there are different parameters that you need to consider. For example, if you want to design an airplane, the weight of the airplane can be reduced as much as possible so that its efficiency can be increased. But to certain extent the weight can be reduced. Beyond that, you cannot reduce the weight. If you do so, the product might fail. So a balance between the weight and the speed of an airplane should be maintained. A balance between the desired parameters should be maintained. Then change in technology. There is rapid change in technology until you develop a particular product. So you should be in license or in coordination with the technological improvements that are going into the market. By the time you develop a product, your competitor might come out with a similar product with improved features and modern technology. Standardization. As far as possible standardization should be done or standardization is a problem that is faced by the product. Duration. The time limit in which you want to develop a creative product is very much challenging for the product developer. Investment is also a challenge. The company or the firm invests the money in development of the product without having a clear idea or concrete idea of developing equivalent profits from it. This is also a challenge. Then creativity. As the customer needs are changing day by day due to urbanization, creativity using creativity or developing a creative product has become a very big challenge for the product development. Then customer satisfaction. Satisfying every customer's every need through the particular product is a big challenge for the developer. Then diversity in the team. As I mentioned, there are different people in the team working from different departments. So to have a coordination in between them is a big challenge. Then spirit of the team. The team should work as a single unit and not as a different unit. They should work together as if they are developing their own product. They should complement each other's work. The marketing department should complement design department, the design department should complement manufacturing and so on. So there should be complement of each department to the other department. So these are the challenges that are faced during product development. These are the references. Thank you.