 Sir, I am Shivanandam from Chennai. I have done my pre-take in computer science and engineering from the United States and then I started working in Samsung research as a software engineer. After that I worked as a search assistant in IIMS and I am currently working in some of the section as a consultant. In your extract, I think that I see something very interesting. Here, it is from the level of to register for the ensign and the ensign schemes. Yes, sir. Could you give us a little more details about this? Sir, when I started my UPSC preparation and I started learning about government schemes, I came across schemes like Adal Pension Eroshna, Radha Mabri, Jeevan Jyoti Dima Eroshna, Life and Accident Insurance. So, when I got to know these schemes, I knew the targeted people. So, I volunteered to help the people in my locality who could benefit out of the scheme and I helped them register in banks and ensure that they had an auto debit feature from their bank accounts. So, they would continue paying premiums for these schemes every month without having to lose their daily wage. Yes, this informal sector that suffered very heavily because of demonization. Yes, sir. What is your opinion on that? The informal sector across different sectors like tourism and MSMEs and other local hotel and restaurant-based businesses and travel agencies, they all suffered loss of business because of stringent long-distance across the world. It brought down demand and it also brought down people who were trying to move around. No, yes. What about demonetization? What about the demonetization? I am very sorry for misunderstanding the question, sir. So, with demonetization, it led to a credit transfer. They did not have enough working capital or operating capital to keep the business running. So, that was the major cost for the decrease in the growth rate of informal sector during demonetization. The credit cuts that started because of the demonetization process continued on for more than six months to one year and they had subsequent other global events that are increasing the credit cuts that the informal sector was facing, sir. Sir, so, when the recovery now is concerned after COVID, the recovery is concerned, can I talk to some models of recovery they are saying? Yes, sir. V-shaped, K-shaped, now W-shaped. So, the other shapes are there also, sir? Yes, sir. So, will you explain what are those shapes of recovery? I have come across two of these shapes, sir. One is the V-shaped recovery, which we call as the green shoots in the economy. So, the economy that has shrunk because of Polona and the subsequent lockdown has now started showing green shoots because of which we are going back to the economic levels of pre-pandemic situation. This is the V-shaped recovery, sir. So, on further analysis, some of the economists have claimed that the recovery we are facing in India is K-shaped. So, when they say K-shaped, they are saying some of the sectors are booming and are back to pre-pandemic levels of business, but there are other sectors that do not conform to this view. Example, software industry is booming at this moment, sir. So, it has seen a V-shaped recovery. But at the same time, if you look at MSNB or tours from Bipara, tours from industries, they are still stuck at whatever problems they are facing, they are facing correctly because of Polona. So, the K-shaped, some sectors are having a boom in their industries, other sectors are having it. So, what is the difference between the V-shaped and the K-shaped? V is trying to give an overall picture that we are back to pre-pandemic levels. So, total economy is improving. Yes, sir. V-shaped is total economy. Yes, sir. But K-shaped is, some of them, the higher sector is improving and the informal sector is coming down. Yes, sir. So, what is W-shaped? I do not know the technical meaning of it, sir. Okay, I will tell you the W-shaped. Yes, sir. The some sections are going down. They are pulling down the other sections also. The informal and smaller sections which are going down, they are pulling down the other sections also. That will be W-shaped. This comes on this back. Sure, sir. I will read the point, sir. What are the Geneva protocols that have been discussed these days? Geneva protocol. So, I believe the Geneva Convention is about how to treat refugees and handle the refugee crisis, sir. Apart from that, I do not know the specifics. Yes, Geneva Convention and the subsequent protections in 74, 75, etc. They are at all. But Geneva Conventions first, there was Geneva Conventions, then moved to Geneva. I do not know the specifics of the convention, sir. I only know that Geneva Convention is called refugee protection. Refugee protection, sir. Refugee protection. Yes, sir. The project context in which we are hearing about Geneva Convention. I do not know about Geneva Convention. I believe it was about the handling of refugees by the international... 1948. 1948. No, sir. It is not... I am not able to recollect it. 1948. It started in 1860, 1863, 1864, etc. And that time it started. But the convention actually was signed in 1948. Long time. Okay, sir. Okay, we will think about it later on. Are you aware of a theme called separation of powers? Yes, sir. What is that? So, the doctrine of separation of powers says that the executive, legislative and judiciary should be in a system of checks and balances so that one does not overpower the... Executive, legislative or judiciary? Yes, sir. This should be separate? Yes, sir. Why? This is to ensure that no one segment of the governing agency itself can use up all the power and take control over everything, sir. There has to be a system of checks and balances, so one acts as a check to ensure that the other does not dominate over the whole machinery. Do you think in India the legislature and the executive are separate? They are... The top executive belongs to the top legislature. Yes, sir. But the executive itself is still responsible for the legislature, sir. That is how the parliamentary system is envisioned in the country, sir. So, the executive can take whatever government elections are going to take but without the majority of the legislature, it cannot implement any of those policies, sir. So, when we say majority, I understand that the political party with the highest numbers will always have the legislative majority. But the parliamentary system itself is envisioned in such a way that individual party members, individual legislators would take a call based on their opinions, philosophies and their regional needs. So, we believe that when cumulatively people come together, the overall decision would be for the betterment of the country, sir. So, how do you think power can be separated? Power is an abstract thing. It is not a consumable thing. Yes, sir. How can power be separated? So, power is built in society through the institutions that we create, sir. So, the institutions are through the systems power or the power that is in the government is built into its institutions. So, institutions have separate responsibilities and institutions have different regulatory agencies and regulatory requirements to comply with. That is where we separate power and make sure nobody overreaches or overreaches or takes over a lot of power that is supposed to be needed by some other agencies. But don't you think the public interest litigation Yes, sir. That is, that goes against the principle of separation of powers? No, sir. So, in a democratic politic, the power itself is emerging out of the people's view. So, when I say there is a public interest litigation, the public form the government. So, the public have the right to put up a litigation saying something is not right or this problem is not taken care of. It's just a litigation taking it forward to the notice of the government to ensure that any problems in society is getting resolved. So, it's not usurping of power by the people. The power itself flows from the people. So, if the people do not have the right to make the claim or make the litigation that something is not happening, I do not see it as a barrier or as something that is consuming the separation of power, doctrine, etc. What is the Bandhuva Mukti Mursha case? I have not heard a good explanation. The public interest litigation. Yes, sir. In that politics, you have not heard about this case? Bandhuva Mukti Mursha. Bandhuva Mukti Mursha. Yes. No, sir. I have not heard about this. When did you start? It came last week. It came last week. Sivanandam, you are a computer science. Where are you working now? I am currently working as a consultant in Samagra Sikshad. The renamed version of Sarva Sikshad. Sarva Sikshad. Yes. So, you are running a computer science engineering. Yes. So, I have some questions. Sure, sir. Tell me about the web update. As if you are telling a lame man. So, I am not completely aware of the web 3 concept itself, because web 3, metaverse and blockchain, they are trying to build up a new system of how we interact or network with people. So, there are lots of technical concepts involved there. I have not gone through the whole sphere of these three components. So, we are not able to give a better explanation. What about NFTs? NFTs, I have an analysis. So, you want me to explain it. So, NFTs are non-fungible tokens, which we are saying that anything that is digital can be copied for any practical purpose. Now, when we say it as an NFT, we are saying that this is a unique piece. It cannot be copied. We do this through digital signatures and blockchain technology because this is the only unique piece, like a premium product or a limited edition. And when we say it as a limited edition, it gets a premium value. So, right now there is a lot of speculation on how NFTs would become as an asset class. So, because of that there is a lot of celebrities are releasing their own NFTs, so that they can capture on the fan market to make a lot of profits. Okay. So, have you heard about the taxation of crypto assets? Yes. Has been bought by the Indian government. Yes. So, what is the tax on selling of crypto assets? It is 30 percent, sir. 30 percent. And what was the amount that was bought recently? With regards to this 30 percent, sir. I do not know the name of the amount. Guys, especially class, it was new recently. I do not get what you are referring to. In case that the gain, the loss that was made through the selling of a crypto asset cannot be set up against the gain. Yes, sir. So, that is the thing. So, you work in Samsung? Yes, sir. Which project you have done? I was working on 5G research, sir. I was working on ML based application for mobility management. Absolutely. Anything specific to GEO or something? I know, sir. I was on the research division, sir. Okay. So, you worked only in Bangalore or you went to South Korea? I went to South Korea for one answer. Okay. So, what do you see the difference in culture between India and South Korea? There is a starting difference between Indian culture and South Korean culture, sir. So, how I would like to present this difference is the people over there, they are very soft nature and very much rule bound. Going against the rule is equivalent to committing suicide. That is how the whole society itself has evolved. So, you can, there are no cases of theft. And if someone steals, the family sees it as a dishonor of the family itself and that is enough motivation for people to be rule bound and for people to follow the rules and their level of social growth and economic evolution is a story that we can end with it because they also went through civil war, they were coming from object poverty and the country has evolved into a developed state. So, if you want to learn from them, if we want to learn from them, what is the cultural background on which this thing has developed? If you want to change India into a place like that, what exactly has to be changed? I say from the people's point of view, I would really like a behavioral change where we minimize on the abuse of basic civic rules following lane rules while driving, not spitting on public property. No, that is being banned in India. That is not being banned in South Korea. Yes, sir. What exactly is the difference? How will you change it? We can go and tell 100 people. Yes. Don't do this, but they will be doing it. Yes, sir. So, this is a cultural change that has to happen. I can relate this to the Swachh Bharat campaigns. Open deprecating has been a historical practice across India and now the focus on Swachh Bharat to create open deprecation free villages and making sure all these toilets are maintained. In this space, we are trying to see if the built toilets are being used and maintained. So, this is the cultural change that we are bringing for public hygiene and sanitation. Similar campaigns need to be won on a pan-Indian scale so that we get that sense of honor, integrity and trust in the societal structure itself. We have all of those in our ethics and in our way of life, but we don't see it in the society. As a collective union of views. So, you are studying competitions and we are from Chennai. Yes, sir. Chennai is now famous for one trend in competition like related things, competition related things. One industry is booming. Lot of unicorns are being built. You are... Softwares as a service. Yes, sir. Okay. What are the companies that we can make? There is Zoho, sir. There is Freshworld. There is Kisflow. I don't agree at any moment, sir. Okay. Zoho is based on Chennai. We can say that it is based out of Chennai, sir, but it is headquartered in Chennai. Okay. Okay. You are from Chennai. And you are from Gimbi. Yes, sir. Okay. What is the specialty of the Gimbi? I do not know, sir. Gimbi engineering college and Gimbi race. Race course. Yeah. Okay. Okay. So, you are also a computer science graduate. Okay. Yes, sir. Now, technical graduates are migrating towards these bureaucrats. Yes. They are becoming the civil services officers. Is it a good trend? So, I see it as a good trend, sir, because we need more systemic thinking in how the bureaucracy is being run and how the government machinery is being run. So, engineers bring with them a style of systemic thinking. So, if you can add on the humanities aspect of life... But there is some routine to 20 years back if the trend was not like that. Do you say at that time that the bureaucracy was not so good between the non-engineering graduates? No, sir. The bureaucracy has always held strong in the country for the last 73 years and even during the British names. So, in that sense, to compare what has... How the bureaucracy was run 30 years ago and how it is today, okay? Would be like comparing apples and oranges. The needs of yesterday are different from the needs of today. So, in a sense, the engineers coming into the service itself in large numbers is helping with the digital initiatives. Because now we are... So, the world itself is moving towards an aggregate model of everything. So, you do it in a business concept. You create a startup. It may become a unicorn. You do it in a government context. It becomes e-governments initiatives. So, right now, at least for the next 10 years that I see is that in every industry we are trying more and more aggregate models and there is a one-stop solution for everything. So, you know about the e-waste? Yes. How the e-waste can be disposed? So, e-waste disposal... There are guidelines, sir. There is this law called the e-waste management act. So, we... The e-waste management act... Oh, not act. Oh, sure, sir. I am sorry. So, the e-rules talk about how e-waste should be disposed and the cat that needs to be taken and how the producer's responsibility is there on receiving back all the e-waste that is generated so that it can be recycled and reused. The valuable components and the toxic components are disposed to safety. You are just thinking about the buy-back scheme that's up. Being a technical graduate... Yes, sir. Can you tell us what technology can be adopted for the e-waste disposal effectively? I do not... Then, nowadays, we are talking about so much about the cyber security law. So, for that, the cyber law is also there. What is the speciality of the cyber law? Then, compared to the constitutional law, the labor law and other branches of the law, the cyber law and environmental law has got some speciality. What is the speciality? I do not know the difference between these types of laws. I will tell you that. Yes, sir. So, in the cyber law, that is, you see that in any of the cyber-related crimes, that is the first one, investigation, identification, prosecution and law. So, prosecuting and producing before the court of law, what is the big hurdle which is there in the cyber law? Traceability, sir. Traceability. Traceability is... You just amplified the term traceability. Yes, sir. So, to prosecute, we need to understand the origin of the crimes in cyber security or in cyberspace. We have a problem with tracing the origin of a crime. We say the hate speeches or political posts or other forms of hacking and phishing activities. We have a problem with tracing the origin of these offenses. So, we cannot pinpoint that this is the accused for this offense. So, this is a part of the investigation. With the available technology, you can be able to identify that who has committed the crime. But, yeah, Pasan, who is the citizen of the ex-country, sitting in the white country and hiring a satellite at cyberspace of the sea country and doing a crime which is construed to be an offensive of a deep country, we say, and what law he can be prosecuted. That is, the jurisdictional issue is the most important. Okay, this is one of the biggest hurdle in the cyber law. Okay, you are telling about that the about that the parliament and then judiciary and all. Now, parliament is enacting the legislation. For tomorrow, the judiciary is in the judge which is striking down that the legislation. Now, can you say that judiciary is more powerful than parliament? No, sir. All three agencies are bound by the constitution which has Supreme Court. If Supreme Court, say, squashes a act against the last week. The majority, they pass no legislation or pass an act in the parliament. But that has been struck down by the Supreme Court. Per single judge. Or even in the last one, they get back that the Vishakha Vasudeva Rajasthan, the court has virtually written section by section the law also. Do you think the judiciary is overriding this parliament or the legislation? No, sir. The judiciary is trying to fill the gap that is being, the gap that is in the legislation. The Vishakha case, the guidelines itself, came up because the Supreme Court wanted a guideline system and it was not present because of the urgency of the issue and because of its sensitivity. The Supreme Court took up the role on itself to give a guidelines and still it asked the government to... But the guidelines could have been given in the form of a direction. But not in the form of direction. They have actually written the law itself. That writing the law is the duty of the legislature. Yes, sir. I believe this could have been done by the Supreme Court judges taking into account the seriousness and the sensitiveness of the case itself, sir. We found out. We found out. Yes, sir. So we could see this Vishakha guidelines as a case of discretionary power of the SC Supreme Court to ensure that these kind of issues do not happen again in the country because they are very serious and they affect half the population in the country, sir. Okay. You are telling about some Nithya Ayodharata. So Nithya Ayodharata released the India's Innovation Index. It is 2.0. What type of the parameters for applying for the innovation index for arriving at innovation index? I have read about this, sir, but I cannot recollect all the parameters. Okay. You know, sir, there is no sense in that. Yes, sir. We are employing criminals also. Don't you think that it is not violating that one of our fundamental rights, namely that right to privacy? Yes, sir. So this is an argument that is currently going on. On one way, we could use the biometrics for efficient management of our investigative agencies and to prosecute and bring justice as soon as possible. So what we need is that to get rid of the privacy issue because of the collection of the sensitive information of ex criminals, say their current criminals, but that does not mean there will be criminals in the future also, sir. So we just need a right to forget. Right to forget. For the system can hold the biometrics of the accused or the criminal till his prosecution or till his imprisonment gets over. But once he is led back into the society, he is supposed to be a reformed person. So retaining the sensitive information of the reformed person in criminal database will be a violation of his right to privacy. So because of that, we need a right to forget wherein these people can ask the government or ask the system to erase their information after the purpose gets over, sir. Okay. You appeared last week. Yes, sir. You appeared last week. What questions did you discuss? With respect to me, sir. So you asked me about death sentence, sir. Okay. Then we spoke about insurance scheme, sir, again. Then from insurance scheme, we went on to speak about... The voice is moving down. Little bit now. Little bit. So from insurance scheme, we moved on to how crop insurance is working for farmers, why people are not able to register for the schemes. So that's what it means. What happened in the past seven days? Can you cite three, four major developments in the past one week? State level, state level, international level? Yes, sir. So on the state level, the most current advancement is about the 10.5% reservation that is being struck down by this input. On a national level, now we are facing a choice between buying discounted oil from Russia or going in tandem with the West sanctions on Russia. Then from a neighborhood point of view, we are facing the Sri Lankan economic crisis could evolve into a refugee crisis for India. For which the Chief Minister has gone to meet the Prime Minister to discuss about the issue. One more thing happened with the favourite subject, transport. Yes, sir. What happened? The last one week? I do not know what happened. What happened to the person? Last week when we were discussing, we had a gentleman transport minister. Now we have a new transport minister in the state. These all happened the past seven days. Okay, sir. You know who is the new transport minister of the state? No, I do not know, sir. I was not aware of this. Okay, it was strange. Last week a different person and another gentleman was there. Okay. The major development in the past four weeks was the direct warning by the India's Deputy National Secretary. What was the issue? Why was the warning here in India? Because on the page of major newspapers in the Hindu-English character, there is a page on story yesterday. So this is regarding the Ukraine war crisis. Okay. And the West is trying to put up a united front in cornering Russia through economic sanctions. The West is expecting India to join them in this economic sanctions. But India's self-interest is not in tandem with what the West wants. So because of that, we are having a choice of what to do to preserve our own. What was the specific? That we all know. My question is very much specific. The visiting Deputy's National Secretary advisor was on Indian origin. He is Dalip Singh. Yes, sir. He has openly warned. As a present warning to India. Yes, sir. They said we would have one. What specific issue is warning there? I do not know, sir. He has warned that not to buy, not only to buy Russian oil, but he has warned that India should not trade in ruble with Russia. Rupiruble. Rupiruble. Rupiruble. So that is specific. And he has also warned that anyone who tries to undermine the hegemony of US dollar in international economics, international trade, will have to pay a price for it. Yes, sir. So this is a specific warning. Yes, sir. Sir, I was asking you about parliament enacting laws on the courts striking down. Yes, sir. In broader sense, how will we discuss this subject? What is it? What is basic structure, doctor? The basic structure is not defined explicitly, sir. The basic structure, I see it as the letter and spirit of the Constitution. As long as we do not violate the articles in the Constitution and the spirit with which the articles were made. No, he is supposed to know, sir. Sir, his question was very specific. Yes, sir. There were 542 members, 544 members, elected members, they pass a law. Yes, sir. They pass a bill, it subsequently becomes a law. Yes, sir. Which was challenged by one people or a group of people. And the matter goes to the court. Yes, sir. By court or supreme court, let us take a supreme court. There are five judges. There is a maximum case of 13 letters. They strike down the law. Class by class, they strike down the law. Yes, sir. Now, his question was how it is correct when people's representatives who are empowered to make law, conduct law, when they make a law, how could the unelected members to put it bluntly, 10 or 12 or 13, how can they strike down the, that law? Yes, sir. That's the basis of his question. Which case did we refer to? The Vishakant. No, that case in the court has written, but let the audience know. To our places. I was asking the same question. No, no, no. A single judge can strike down what the parliament has made that law. So, in that case, the supreme court is more powerful or the parliament is more powerful. This was long time. Yes, sir. So, the constitution is the binding document for this country. We have become a country and we have accepted to a social contract and that contract is what is our constitution. So, with that, we have specific roles and responsibilities. In that case, the supreme court is seen as the custodian of the constitution. The social contract with which this country was made. So, the public's representative as the legislators of this country will reflect the people's will their bills, acts and other legislative procedures. So, the people's will of that current time could be reflected in the legislature. But if it goes against the document that binds this country in a social contract, the supreme court has the authority or has the discretion to evaluate this particular act or bill with respect to the provisions given in the constitution. In connecting this issue with the case, one of the bar decays. Yes, sir. How will you justify it? Yes. You can put it very simply. I am not getting the question, sir. Keshwananda bar decays. Yes, sir. This was discussed by the Keshwananda and the basic structure doctrine was elaborately discussed. Yes, sir. In national search question, you could have answered it very simply. It is still not... The basic structure can't be tinkered. Whatever the parliament's brutal majority. Yes, sir. Lok Sabha plus Ajay Sabha come around 800 plus members. But still they can't tinker with the basic structure. Yes, sir. I understand, sir. That's the perfect basis. How will you deal with the solar wastage? Saraswamy asked me about e-wastage. Now the government has somehow discussed solar wastage also. Actually, there is also an e-wastage. Yes. That comes under that. Yes. That's the battery, lithium battery. Now this special, you know, just a week back, the government has formulated a policy to deal with solar wastage. Have you heard of it? No, sir. Pressure. Yes, sir. Thank you. You're the best. Thank you, sir. You're the best. Yes, sir. Okay. Okay. Yes, sir. I mean, you don't have to look at me on the screen. I have a few questions for you. The first one is... I mean, then most of the questions are based on what is open so far and what is the open so far. One is the N.5 reservation. It was a reservation that was spoken about when the hospital preset developments that come to your mind. And what was the grounds of this was struck down? And what did the court observe? Sir, the court observed that there wasn't enough substantial basis for the government to award this N.5 reservation for a single community. So what we need is... Yes, sir. Go on. Go on. Okay. So what the court has asked for is that, sir, there has to be census data backed with the economic... that will back the economic backwardness claim of the community itself and this educational backwardness without which any such internal reservation or extra reservation cannot be allowed to be in this country, sir. Okay. So is there... Are there any steps being taken in this direction at the national or at the regional level? Sir, the Tamil Nadu government has proposed that there would be a new expert committee that would... No, it has not proposed. There's this idea that was spoken by the current ruling party regarding a creation of a new expert committee to collect the data, sir. On the national level, there is a committee that is working on OBC sub-categorization which is along similar lines of claims. And who's heading the committee? I do not know the name, sir. Okay. But is there anything on the lines of such a... Are any of these committees... Is the committee that Tamil Nadu government is arresting or is the committee that, you know, is working now at a premium level? Are they working in the... Or are they removing the direction of collecting data? As far as I know, I don't... I don't think we have started the census process of collecting the data on caste claims, sir. It is still in conceptualization phase. Okay. Great. And what's your opinion about it? Do we need to collect it or not? So, this country needs new discussion on how the caste system and the reservation issue is being spoken of, sir. It's been 75 years. The system has worked in some way, but the system has not helped the people in the direst need. So, we have created creamy sections within every community. So, that is a valid fact that this country is facing right now. So, what I would see in the future... What I would like to see in the future is that, sir, we need a renewed conversation on reservation and caste itself so that the benefits that are being provided goes to the people in need and not to the creamy sections of every community. Okay. So, you are in favor of economic... I mean, reservation basis economic criteria? Yes, sir. We also need that because in 75 years, we would be seeing close to two or three generations in a single family that may have benefited from reservation. So, the root cause of why we needed reservation in the first place is still existing. The access, affordability, quality of services and amenities that we provide to all people in this country is still not equal. So, the system itself cannot be removed, but at least the system can be reformed so that the creamy sections are no longer eligible for these extra benefits, sir. So, can you elaborate a little more? Are you saying you need her class? You need her class only or caste plus class? It has always been caste plus class in this country, sir. We have a caste class continuum and the Supreme Court has also said that we have to look at both economic and educational and social backwards. So, all these are required before we take a decision on reservation. Reforming of reservation or any other new system to replace reservation itself? Okay. Thank you. I mean, there is this buzz around anti-defection law and a few parliamentarians or even legislative, you know, the NLAs have actually said that or they have gone on to say that, you know, the anti-defection law can be a curse to the legislator's duty towards his or her constituency people. What do you think they are referring to and what do you think are the steps to curtail if needed of the anti-defection law's excesses? Yes, sir. So, this is a very complicated issue. The law itself was brought into many ways post-training between political parties to form governments. So, the nature of our political system, the parliamentary system, envisions that every parliamentarian takes up the cause of his or her constituency. So, the constituency needs a supreme. But in the party politics, multi-party system, we have more party allegiance than we have more party allegiance than what you would expect from parliamentarian to safeguard the interests of this constituency or of the state. So, because of this, the anti-defection law is giving more power to the political party, the chief whip, so that the party's decisions becomes the parliamentarian's decisions, the collective decisions of the parliamentarians. So, this is where we see the issue with the current system with the anti-defection law system. So, this is now leading us to a problem of where the party's high command would have a say on every matter and the individual parliamentarian is reduced to being a rubber stand with respect to issues that are decided by the high command of every party. This is what I see. So, what are the steps, I mean, to avoid, to cut any instances? Are there any steps that are proposed to use the anything? Have you come across anything? No, sir. I have not seen any solutions for this problem, sir. No problem. So, can you talk about, give me an example with how blockchain is solving a real-world problem? Any example, it can be small big? Yes, sir. So, what blockchain technology gives us is the public ledger concept which means it cannot be tinkered with. Therefore, there is transparency and so that there is transparency and nobody can do shady business with the public ledger. So, where we see the most important application of blockchain is in land management. Managing land title records. Records, when any sale that is happening is recorded in a blockchain system and on the public ledger. Now, we have a transparent record that cannot be tinkered with and is publicly available for everyone to see. We can minimize the number of land disputes and title disputes that has emerged that is currently pending in the course across the nations. This is one solution that can re-band how land titles are being managed in the countries, sir. Do you think by that way we can provide a conclusive title? If we can resolve the current issues already existing in the title, sir, we can prevent any of the future issues that will come. The current issues need to be resolved physically by humans. But once that is done, once we have a concrete system in place, it will work, sir. Is the National Land Protection Program then looking at this or traveling and moving in this direction? I am not aware of it, sir. I am not aware. Yes, sir. No problem. I mean, you actually spoke about the honourable member before he was asking you about why engineers in civil services. You stopped half-way when you said that humanity starts to be engineers. What do you mean by that? Sir, the curriculum and technological scores like IITs and NITs, though we have humanity scores with us, it is not enough, sir. So, we are expected to get the technical aspect of how the system works in our respective fields. But there has to be a humane touch so that the machines that we make, the products that we make are really delivering what we want to deliver to the end user. So, the humane touch is what I see missing in the curriculum itself, sir. And that is why I said engineers with their technological progress if given with the humanity's background could be able to design systems that are more people friendly and that are more useful to the society. All right. Okay. You actually mentioned admissions and saluting in your EAS. Yes, sir. What are the issues that we generally see amongst your juniors or students that you have so far? Sir, so one problem that is plaguing higher education admission in our country is we work on cut-off marks instead of interest of the course. So, every course is being picked on a ranking list and based on the cut-off, you choose the first course that you can get. So, the list itself changes based on the parameters you use, but there's a standard template that the majority of people follow. For example, if you take for IITs, the first course that gets filled up is computer science and engineering because of so many reasons. So, this is the problem that I'm facing with the juniors. So, when I see this and they come into the course, now they do not have passion for the subject. Now, they want to shift. So, when they want to shift for their true passion list and in that part I try to help them figure out the ways that they have so that they can move towards their true passion. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you sir. Thank you sir. Thank you sir. This is striking down by one single judge. So, I was also saying that Keshavan on the bar in the case in that issue, to that we can give the opportunity to read about the Gwalakna case, K.K. Bawal in the case, Naraka in the case, all these things and how far that the constitution is supreme then this one. Yes. Secondly, with reference to the humanness, humanity this and that, I think that is that an engineer definitely will be an inventing that engine or how it has to be functioned this way. But human touch means you could have refined your language or you could have refined your answer in such a way. This is more important that engineers must start more value oriented subject rather than this type of a material oriented. So, the material oriented must be blended with the value oriented. So, that type of that answer will be a better one. And similarly that e-waste management, you have to learn how this e-waste buyback is the only thing. But being a technical graduate, you must say that how technologically it is waste or disposed. In fact Sarva is also asking about solar waste. It is actually the solar cells or the solar panel. It is nothing but again the lithium battery only. So, how this battery can be disposed effectively from the environment technologically. Okay. That one. And similarly for the cyber law, it is the major jurisdictional issue that you have to say about that one. It is not that with science background and electronic background you can able to identify the crime, terminal where he is. And in the course of your language also you are saying parliamentarian, parliamentarian, parliamentarian. It is there only the parliament members. Parliament members are different from parliamentarians. Now in the present day most of them are not the parliamentarians. They are only the parliament members only. Okay. So, parliamentarian means somewhat a very high status is given. So, I think that in every answer you are started explaining more elaborately. So, that will lead to the other subsequent questions also. You try to restrict that answer as much as possible in a less one. Can you say it correctly? Can you say it correctly? Can you say it correctly? Can you say it correctly? Is that correct? Yes. Very correct. Okay. That in your case, so, And if it affects the fundamental right of any citizen, then the constitution guarantees the citizens to approach the highest judiciary by way of filing their reputation. And the constitutional body, namely the supreme court, has even that constitutional right to strike down to the extent it has overstepped its limitation or affected the fundamental right. Okay? So that is why you have to restrict everything. Bar is that you are having what is this one, a good amount of the knowledge. When is your interview? April 27th. Definitely. One more month is there. And all the members, if I ask the question, you are really seeing me. And again, a little bit of that, what I am saying is, it is like a vibration, it is like the same tone, you are getting, you are getting and you are getting answers. You are seeing everyone, you are getting a little tone, you are increasing your voice, it is very feeble. Okay? Suddenly you can crack the tingle. No problem at all. One more month is there. Okay? Thank you. No problem. Like you are confident, you are doing well in the 20th, right? Yes, sir. The videos you are making there is after some point of time. Maybe after I have everything done, that will be anymore. Yes, sir. Okay. So, this is the biggest thing that is there. That is it. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you, sir. You are really good. You are currently the first member. If you want to rest, sir, as I said, there are many partners here. Yes, sir. In the book, really good. Yes, sir. I think I will call you like that. Sir. No, I don't read this. Sir, your voice is on it. Because that's the recording purpose. As I have told you. Your way of speaking, you have to improve. It seems, Ajee, if you have walked up everything, and that's what we are going to be able to say. Okay. Give a feeling of thinking. Yes, sir. Any discussion is participatory. From your side, it doesn't look like being participatory. Okay. So, be slow in your speech, and higher in your pitch. Yes. Which I have several times told you. Okay. And give an impression that you are thinking and answering. Yes, sir. That is not coming out of what you are, how you are saying. What you are saying is all right. But how you are saying. Okay. So, you are just going like an express. Ajee, you know the answer and go on to talking. Okay. So, take care of the suspect. Yes. Now, this judicial review, have a very clear picture. Judicial review means, the legal system has got many tyres. Okay. So, the lower tyre cannot tolerate the upper tyre. Yes, sir. The highest is the constitution. Now, the constitution cannot be violated by the positive and accurate of the legal system. Okay. Yes, sir. So, that's the last thing. So, now, in the case of the last case, which is by the 6th of the doctrine states, there is still something more important in the constitution itself. So, they create another class, which the parliament cannot take away by the constitution amendment. Yes, sir. Law cannot take it, but a constitution amendment also by that also parliament cannot take it. The basic structure, the parliament cannot amend the constitution to destroy the basic structure of the constitution. Okay. So, it also speaks the power of amendment of the parliament. Yes, sir. Okay. And this, one George versus the parliament, this case came in Gauravath case. In Gauravath case, eleven George's were there. Six George's said parliament has got no power to amend the constitution. Five George's said it has no fundamental rights. It has the power. So, Vishas Gandhi at that time said. So, one George, six minus five, so one George is more important than the entire parliament, the entire nation. So, that even came at that time. Okay. So, be very clear about it. So, the basic structure doctrine says there are certain parts of the constitution. Assumptions of the constitution which cannot be taken away by even constitution amendment. Like federalism. Yes. Like secularism. Okay. Rule of law. Democracy. Okay. So, they cannot be taken away by the constitution amendment also. Yes. So, parliament has got the power to amend the constitution. So, basic structure cannot be touched. Yes. Okay. About the general convention which has been discussed, I am not discussing now because it is a lot to take a normal time. It has got four chapters, not four parts. So, look at those four parts. Foreign services, you know, because I didn't ask you anything on external affairs. So, but you looked at those things with, because this is in current crisis very important. Yes. Okay. Thank you. No, no, no. Another member is there. Yes. He will give you. Please be nice to you. Can I? Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Thank you very much. Shiva, there are a couple of things. One, I mean, on the questions that I have asked you, which is anti-difference law. There are like very interesting cases. There is the Kyoto-Hollangan case. There are actually a lot of cases that have been given out, such as, recently there is a case in Manitoba, I got, Reba-Marian case. I mean, there are a whole bunch of cases that you might want to look at. In terms of also trying to talk about defection laws, limited, you know, power, ultimately anti-difference law scope to ensure that, you know, parliamentarians, all the MLA's are able to try and unauthorize their rights. In so far, I think there are only three places where the reports can tell that, you know, anti-difference law is to be implemented. So you might want to read about that. But other than that, I think one last point is, stay clear of extreme statements. For instance, and the reservation question that I was asking you was, I took it in the data and actions so that, so that because you were very articulate with your answers, so I thought, okay, let me engage you on that point. But when, in your course, you, again, skipped to a couple of points where, you know, it's a lot of fact that you've created three new sections. Well, it is useful to say such lines in a research paper, because you'll have time to back yourself up with data if there is any for that matter. Because with these statements, it's always a risk of that, right? Because if you actually look at one side of data, you'll realize that the existing promise of human 15, 17, 27% has not been implemented fully. So there are these problems that you might put yourself in. So you might as well sort of stay clear of such extreme lines and then, you know, focus on what you see or what one would call as an accurate policy. So it was very good that you say we needed a very good conversation on that. But then, again, to sort of slip to a very categorical statement is, again, problematic, because then that is not a conversation, right? And it has always been so sure that education and backwardness so far. And TWA's cases continue to be subdued, so we still don't know. Yes, sir. So it's useful to sort of, you know, keep an idea of these debates. And then, but otherwise, stay abreast of current affairs and I wish you good luck there. Thank you, sir. She took care of the constitution. Sir, I didn't... She took care of the constitution until the fiction. She took care of the constitution. Yes, sir. You see that. Yes, sir. What are 11th and 12th? 11th is for panchayas and 12th is for manasambharas. Yes. So after 9th. 9th was the first amendment. Yes, sir. The government also acts. Yes. Okay. Two, three hundred laws are here. Then we have 10th, then 11th and 12th.