 PPR is a highly contagious viral disease that affects goats, sheep and other wild small rominants. The disease is ranked as one of the most important trans-boundary livestock diseases especially in Africa and the Middle East and is associated with high mobility and mortality rates in small rominant huts. New thirds of the world's sheep and goat population are at risk of getting infected with the virus with the estimated annual economic loss attributed to the disease being about 2 billion US dollars. The disease is a threat to food security and threatens livelihood of at least 300 million smallholder farmers globally. In Uganda, PPR was first reported in 2007 in the Karamoja region, but it has now spread beyond Karamoja into almost all parts of the country. The increased spread of the disease and the associated socioeconomic impacts on the livestock keeping communities makes it a priority disease that requires more efforts being put on its surveillance and control. How PPR presents Animals suffering from PPR manifest a number of clinical signs almost similar to other diseases like off CCPP or gastrointestinal hominithosis to avoid misdiagnosis and wrong treatment. It is important to know the animals vaccination status and confirm the diagnosis in the laboratory. But from what we look at here, we begin to see so as in the mouth of this kid. For example, if you see here, there is a scab here covering the whole upper lip of this kid. And then if you go further, depending on the severity of the disease, you will find that the whole of this coat, the mouth is covered with soas. And some of those soas tend to, the key thing you will see them trying to become yellowish. If you compare with other diseases, for example, if you talk of off, these scabs will be outside here, but inside this mouth it won't be so sour. These scabs will only be outside, but inside it will be sour, tending to be yellowish, which is what we sometimes call to be in scientific terms, deep retic. The disease quickly spreads through direct contact of animals or contaminated feed or water. We have raids, goats and sheep are raided from one place to another. And in this process, diseases are also transmitted by goats that are raided from one point to another. A point like this where animals come and meet, every farmer brings his animals here. So we don't know which farmers brought the sick one. And on top of that, some farmers even have the sick ones in their heart, but they don't know that they are actually sick. So when these animals come here to drink, the disease is contagious. So some animals come when they are healthy, but they go back with a disease. And then we end up having a very high rate of infection. And then of course also the pasture around here. Because now the nature of animals is after drinking they tend to feed around, pick up some pasture around. So still this pasture also gets contaminated with the aerosols, the saliva, the secretions and all the discharges. And these are really having a very high load of the virus. Some of the other factors facilitating the spread of PPR are driven by underlying issues like culture exchange of animals during marriage and the shrinking grazing land due to increase in population. In some parts of Uganda, prolonged droughts forced farmers to migrate in such of pasture and water and more rustling. Tread is something which is also a factor of spread of this disease. Goat that is sick, you end up finding that disease is easily spread. If one goat coughs, for example, or sneezes or has a discharge from nostrils and the eyes, it easily would get into contact with another goat in the same locality and that's how PPR easily spreads. Our land in the system is mainly communal in nature. And just like it was in the past, animals are allowed to mix and mingle and share resources. And in this process, this is a recipe, the risk factor for the disease transmission. Besides vaccination of rominants, proper husbandry practices, routine surveillance by veterinary doctors, controlled migrations of animals, the farmers must note that PPR has no specific treatment apart from the symptomatic management. We should ensure that the moment any one of our animals comes down with a sign of any disease whatsoever, including PPR, you have to report this to the nearest veterinary authority. Then two, housing is very important. Look at the house in a way that it should not facilitate spread of PPR in a way that should provide adequate space. Do not congest the goats and the sheep all in one house. At least if a goat can have a minimum of a square meter spacing. We have the place for the kids, they don't spread the night with their mothers. They spread the night in their separate room. Then in the morning that is when they are put together so that they can suck on their mothers. Why we do that is to minimize incidences of diseases and also cross contamination to the kids. Then air ration should be good, ventilation should be good in that house. The vets can guide you on this. Then three, watering animals. Much as it is good and cost effective for one to water animals in a way that they come together and consume the water, be observant and be mindful of PPR because PPR can be easily be spread through that water. If anyone goat shows a sign of PPR, make sure you isolate that goat or sheep from there and discard that water source could be a trough or don't use it or clean it thoroughly and use a disinfectant. Then tread, there are SOPs which we have put in place, guidelines on trading. We don't allow animals to congregate. The congestion is what we should reduce as much as possible. Mali we vaccinate our goats against PPR and we normally liars with the veterinary office and well, if there is a threat or an outbreak of a disease in the area, they notify us and we liars with them, they provide the vaccines and we vaccinate our goats. And also the deworming, we do deworming regularly and that way our goats remain healthy. I train my husband on early identification of the diseases on the goats so when they notice a goat is sick with the signs, early enough, they will notify me immediately and that way we treat the goats early enough. Key to the ongoing interventions is the need for behaviour change communication to help demystify some wrong perceptions among farmers about PPR and existence control measures and facilitate adoption of practices that minimise exposure of livestock to the disease. We grew up grazing communally. Our animals drank and grazed from common grounds but they did not contract diseases. We even had our local hubs but things have changed recently because of the new medicines introduced by the scientists. And then on top of that, even the farmers who get to know, they still take time, they try other things first, they try herbal, they try, they believe this one cannot be treated and then they come and report to the professionals very late. Biosecurity measures are not normally followed in our community setup. In other words, measures to reduce entry of disease onto a farm or onto a grazing area, watering source is very, very difficult because of the land tenure system. With funding from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Livestock Research Institute in collaboration with Veterines San Franchers German and Ministry of Agriculture and Mold Industries and Fisheries are implementing the programme boosting Uganda's investment in livestock development to address gaps in control of transboundary animal diseases like PPR and Zoonoses in Uganda. We are improving PPR surveillance in the country by training key animal health personnel across the country on PPR surveillance and reporting using both conventional and alternative approaches like participatory disease search. We also continue to support outbreak investigations and rapid response across the country and sensitize farming communities on PPR control. This is contributing to improvement in knowledge, attitudes and practices among communities in regards to control and prevention of PPR and minimizing socio-economic impacts of the disease in the farming communities in Uganda. The project aims to support the national PPR control and eradication strategy by supporting development of a socio-economic framework to assess the impact of PPR interventions, updating the epidemiological status of PPR to allow assessment of control options based on Uganda's context and assessing and filing capacity development gaps in the implementation of the control strategy.