 To some of you, good morning, and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. This is John Samurai from Mugea People's Development Program, and I'll be making this presentation on how communities are using biologists to secure community land rights. My presentation will focus majorly on the issues faced by the community, which inform the process of biologists making. I will also look at what do we, the community, aim to achieve with the biologists, and also look at what are the features or how do these biologists look like, and welcome. So to begin with the issues, the ones who have heard a bit, a little bit about the geeks, these are indigenous forest communities from the map. They live in the forest, and they have challenges that come from their living in the forest. Remember, forests are national forests, the protected area. That means the community doesn't have tenure rights. They don't have title, and every time they are moved out because of the creation of national parks and conservation areas. So that is one of the challenges that communities are facing. Another one is their habitat, which they consider home, is facing the breadth of destruction and degradation every now and then from logging and population encroachment. Another serious issue is on land grab, because where they are living, they don't have titles, and they are seeking to grab from a little political class. Remember also, when the geeks were facing the breadth of addiction, they went to courts, and we have a court now, and the African courts seeking, challenging their addiction and taking the situation of their land, which is now forest. The banners of the community are drafting, are aiming to achieve a number of issues. One of them is seeking to protect their collective rights as a community. Remember, they are indigenous people, they have common rights, and that's what they want to protect. Another one is to empower the community, to strengthen the leadership, and bring about the aspect of accountability and management of land and resources. The women and minority issues have to be looked into by the boroughs, whereby widows and orphans should be protected. With the issues of court cases, the borough process is a form of gathering more additional information and trust to strengthen their advocacy on land rights. Also, boroughs is a critical aspect that will guide the implementation of their land claims, a process which will lead the process of the distribution of the community land. The boroughs also have an important aspect of bringing together the community and uniting them towards the common good and prosperity, and most of all, preserving the community identity, culture, and traditional knowledge. I've been looking now at the features of the boroughs, and they have the boroughs that we have facilitated the community to develop. They have three major sections. There is rules on governance, rules on the need of land and natural resources and social rules, and we begin with the rules on governance, and these are rules that define the governance structure, decision making, developing levels, definition of a community, and processes that direct how decisions are made with shared communities. Here, the community defines themselves, and I'll be giving an example of some of the boroughs, the community, have been able to develop one on community definition. One of the communities where there is a ceremony, I believe that members of the community are either by birth, belonging to a plan, marriage, or acceptance into the community. Another subcategories on decision making, another community here, as Coybatec says, demand that real leaders have to report to the communities after three months, and one whole day we see the boroughs are reporting women's rights, including that they can own land, inherit, and are being part of a community decision making structure. On rules on management of community resources, here are assets like food, water, and assets to breathing fields, use of natural resources that are looked into, and you can see a number of examples. There are rules, no waste team or no problem of food, and you can see how it percussion, and if that is done, there might be a draw in future, no down team or no problem to prevent the pollution of the rivers, and in grazing fields you see not taking one stick animals to the community. This is there to cover the spread of diseases, and to care for the environment. There is the aspect of the nation, these are grazing areas, these are farming areas, and there are interactions to be followed there. Also the issue of dispute resolution negotiations, seeking benefits from investment government, are being addressed by the community by us, focusing on the future developments. On social rules, there are rules that have the aspect of uniting the community and their relationship among themselves and to with your neighbors. Some examples of the rules here, in one of the communities that is small, they say that all adults are responsible for passing knowledge, educating the children about those and those things. Some other rules here, you can see the neighbors are respected, and on shared resources, because they are common resources also that neighbors have to come, they have to be shared in mutual agreements. And for the investors, the investors have to seek free prior consent with the community before initiating any kind of project. The project is subject to resistance or rejection by the community. On some rules, there are rules of forgiveness, some readily been placing even on the judicial system have been going through. Also, those are just examples of the rules that have been developed by the community. In our work, we have been able to facilitate community and develop their values and we have been able to face a number of challenges as I shall be presented here. One of the challenges that the community is this path, scattered across an expansive forest, and this brings out the challenge of mobilization and their participation. And because of that nature, to be able to address this problem, we have to facilitate very village-level meetings, rotational meetings to ensure that we are able to reach out to them. Again, with this pilot program of facilitating community land documentation bylaws, the community are having a lot of high expectations from us and hoping that we are going to address every aspect of the problem. And with high expectations, we have to talk to the community to help them understand that we are just giving them technical support and they have a bigger role to play in their advocacy for their rights. Again, here, this project currently is managed by two staffs. That means there's a lot of work. However, we have been able to get the support of community volunteers and also we have people we call community land mobilizers who support us in this work who have been empowering to support us. There is also the issue, the community has to be updated on every trend that is happening in the nation. Of course, they have a lot of legislations on land going on and when the laws are in work-home like the bills, we have to track and deal with the laws. So we have to keep on informing the community of every happening that means doing a lot of analysis and going back to the community and keeping them. Here is an expertise that is required sometimes we lack though we use friends and experts who are able to help us in that. Again, projects we also have individuals who have their selfish interests and with potential to have the program to immobilize the community with their selfish interests. There are key people that cannot avoid them because they are part of the community and to be able to successfully run the project we have to talk to them, make them understand the process the process for the community and they also need to support the cause as some of what we have been going through. This program is using the community land protection approach. Thank you for listening.