 What I have to tell you today this evening is something a whole lot of things It's going to maybe you might think about this instead of being a talk. Maybe it's more like a Movie that's animated. I hope it's animated anyway We I've been working in this area for I think 30 or 35 years something like that We've done a lot of pioneering research looking at things that the EPA does not look at and So I want to talk about not only Pesticide producing or pesticide resistance GMO crops, but I want to talk about the fundamental biology behind this I want to give you a conceptual background before we get into looking at data But really my focus is going to be to show you data in the context of a narrative So that we get a better idea of what the heck is really going on Biologically, and how are we being impacted by pesticides in ways? They're typically not even being advertised The first thing I want to point out is that we are because of our long lifespan what I will refer to as slow pollinators Everybody knows what's been going on with butterflies and the pollinators, but And how they're being impacted, but we are biological systems And we have very similar responses and hormones to the kinds of animals that are had much have shorter lifespans And one of the questions we're asking these days are are we also feeling facing a colony collapse disorder? I Want to ask you a question just for kicks here. What do magicians pick pockets and the current administration and PGMOs have in common? And the answer to that is Distraction so you can't see what's really going on and that's really kind of the fundamental Premise in the foundation for a lot of what you will see Another question. Why did saccharine cause cancer? The answer is it didn't it was the traces of solvent used in its manufacture that did and so Little things mean a lot and that's really going to be one of the major themes of the tonight's talk is tiny tiny concentrations down on the parts per trillion a part per trillion is like taking a single drop from an eyedropper and dropping it into a 20 pools 20 Olympic-sized pools that are all Put together one drop in that huge amount of water That's about what a part per trillion is but it's the region where our bodies function where our hormones function and It's turning out in our research and that of a lot of other people that that kind of concentration Which the EPA never looks at Can have massive kinds of impacts on the biological systems in our world Today I want to really I only have time to talk about the tip of the iceberg Things aren't always what they seem it's like old Charlie who was driving the LA freeways Just this last fall and he was driving along and his cell phone goes off and he pushes a button to answer and it's his wife And she says Charlie Charlie be careful. There's some idiot on the freeway, and he's driving the wrong way And I don't want you to get hurt. He says what do you mean one? He says there's hundreds of them So it depends on your perspective Now I'm going to talk about four things tonight Everything is interconnected and we're going to dive down into multiple levels of biological complexity here I want to talk to you a little bit about basic principles and new definitions How common pesticide mixtures can modify? reproduction sex behavior learning immune function and induce chronic diseases and Then finally most importantly some safe effective and inexpensive solutions to these problems Example number one in the data The endocrine system What we have here is a map of what's been happening with sperm counts? You can see there's been a decline from about 1940 when they first started measuring human sperm counts That's been a decline of about two to two and a half percent per year There's a whole set of green or yellow spots there Which was the first study by Elizabeth Carlson and Neil Scocobock in Denmark where they noticed that the Danish sperm count Was way down. Let's see. I don't know if I have a Cursor no, I don't have ma'am. I'm gonna have to walk over here and just holler These yellow clusters here were the original study in 1992 of the British Medical Journal This was Carlson Neil Scocobock and their colleagues and they did all of these studies They went back into the literature because the Danish male sperm count they were looking at was way down here Also, they noticed that sperm count in Danish farmers who are doing organic was way up here about a minute a Hundred million for mill later As compared to here and so they're wondering how the heck was there any evidence in the literature that this is More than just a Danish phenomenon And when they went to literature these yellow spots and the size of yellow spots indicated how much Was in the literature about sperm counts Once they published this first word everybody said nonsense. That's crazy. That's we don't believe that and so Jane his colleagues in Paris because Parisians are so sprung from the sperm cons they keep track of the sperm cons in the nails now and 1975 Their sperm counts for about 90 million sperm from no later by 1995 20 years later. They were down here at about 60 million sperm per mill later And there's a continuous line down here. So they're the cooperative decline was actually faster than the global average enable his colleagues in Denmark found out Also, they were really the ones that got to pieces that information went earlier to Carlson But they finally published it here and then Patrick and his colleagues from Helsinki said, okay Well, maybe we're losing sperm counts, but how about how many percentage of them are normal and so On this graph here in 1980 percent of normal sperm is about 50 percent 10 years later by 1990 the sperm that were normal had dropped to 25 percent so This was sperm that had no tails or sperm that had two heads and all kinds of other anomalies So it was not only a decline in quantity, but also a quality and I Mean his colleagues in 2017 said, let's revisit this whole question and see what's happening And their analysis showed that the average sperm count globally is not way down here So this trend line is continuing and if it does continue this way by 19 or 2035 Which is 15 years from now. We can expect the population of the planet where we have more deaths than birds It may have been sooner than that if we get down to three minutes for We will have zero natural fertility and that's not too far off the scale of about 2050 so There's a lot of concern about what is it that's driving this phenomenon and There are several things I want to point out when in 1940 about 60 to 70 percent of the US males qualified As sperm donors, but by about 1950 we were down to six to seven percent of the US males qualify as sperm donors In 2012 When the Israelis looked at their soldiers who are the main sperm donors in Israel They were down to only 1% of the soldiers who would now qualify and By the way 2013 was the first year ever that for US whites that we had more deaths than births, but that was covered up by immigration by the 26th of April in 2017 one in eight couples in this country has fertility problems and Here's something that very few people are aware of and that is that all of us are conceived as bisexual organisms We are first Third of our developmental process. We have both a male and a female reproductive tract and Then at about a third of the way through our development The embryo starts looking at the ratio of testosterone to estrogen if it's a genetic male typically the testosterone will be higher than the estrogen and that will cause the induction of In the embryo of Sir Toley cell Primordia, they will be this the nurse cells for sperm production when they reach sexual maturity or if estrogen tends to be higher then That embryo will toss the male reproductive tract and Go on to induce the brain structures and the reproductive structures in the females Productive tract that it retains and that's what it will grow up to develop so it's this ratio of testosterone to estrogen at a critical decision point in our embryonic development that decides how our sexual preferences are set and and how our Or our reproductive tract is induced to be able to function in a normal way Now one of the things that not too many people know about is that the two most common herbicides round up an antrazine each can alter the balance of testosterone to estrogen And it's been shown in every major group of vertebrates that this can alter not only the sexual development in Terms of the gonads and reproductive organs, but it also can modify the brain structure and The behavior that's associated with those different brain structures We'll talk more about that in a short while The second example I want to show you is what's happening to the neurological systems in terms of us autism birth rates as of 2014 You see way down on the left 1975 way over on the left only one in five thousand births was autistic and by 2014 that curve has risen to a frequency and 2014 of one in 60 Eight births a year later the measurement estimate was one in 45 US births was autistic This is an enormous enormous change and it has Very little to do with changes or improvements in diagnostic technology These are real numbers of real changes that are happening in children Example three immune system chronic inflammation On the left you see a series of lines that are going from high to low levels with increasing time from 1950 to 2000 you see a decrease in Diseases that can be dealt with by means of vaccinations and other kinds of analogous measures to reduce the frequency of these things But on the right graph you'll see what's happening with chronic diseases the number of Immune disorders the frequency of them from again from 1950 to the to about year 2000 Type 1 diabetes is going up asthma is going up multiple sclerosis is doing going up Crohn's disease is coming up In fact, there are about 10 major chronic diseases that are growing in Very rapid far fashion a lot of people want to know what is driving this Should point out that the current administration Defunded the highly successful WHO program for early containment of highly infectious diseases like Ebola Just as they did the US pandemic response unit when they cut it out two years ago I want to point out to you that chronic inflammation is the basis for at least 10 chronic diseases We'll go out and talk about that later in the talk But I want to get that out in front of you so you keep that in the back of your mind inflammation is a major major health issue and also want to point out that about 30% of the US population is estimated now are taking daily medications that have immunosuppressive properties and we are right in the beginnings of what we call an epidemic of of Not a flu virus, but something a little bit more aggressive now I want to give you an idea and a perspective on How everything is an interconnected in a biological way in a very fundamental way and this is really kind of the central theory behind all of the kinds of impacts Sorry that we are seeing On the left you'll see a series of downward pointing or upward pointing pyramids on the lower left corner This is a paper. We published in 1999 where we Did it actually a 10-year study looking at aldeacarb atrazine and nitrate which are common in groundwater and We wanted to know If we look at those mixtures in that environmental concentrations, are they going to impact Central nervous system immune and endocrine systems But what we found was that we've got changes in aggression and immune function and thyroid hormone levels in other words neurological endocrine and immune functions When you had supper tonight, or if you haven't had it yet when you have it later You're going to take in mass and energy and nutrients Which will fuel your molecular cellular systems these Molecular cellular systems are the basis for the organ systems that we have such as the central nervous the immune and the endocrine systems These three systems talk to each other all the time. They use about 60 different molecules to communicate and Together the molecular and the organ systems support at the individual level reproduction growth and behavior and at the population level that supports birth rates death rates and social structure and at the community level We get immigration Immigration and the relative species abundance all of this resting on these cellular molecular and organ system functions When we get a sick organism which is being impacted by pesticides, which means Insecticides herbicides fungicides We begin to undermine and subvert the very functions the very foundations upon which this entire superstructure rests and That is a really serious problem I'm going to talk and show you And let's talk about inverse dose responses When we have inverse dose responses What that means is as you go to lower doses you get greater effects and I'll show you data That show that we have inverse dose responses in all three of those systems the nervous endocrine and immune systems the reasons for that are Complex I could now there's a paper that's written in 2012 that really explains this beautifully But basically Our own enzymes function in ways that are not intuitively immediately obvious And are ignored by the EPA when they're doing their testing or having their testing done Also want to point out that the gut is a really important organ in terms of immune function and Neurological function and also endocrine function. We'll talk more about that too Also, finally want to point out that gene expression is really important It controls that lower left-hand triangle the Molecular cellular systems it sends out the information and the coding for them And what's been uncovered recently is that that gene expression can be hacked by environmental contaminants And when that happens you lose that coordination you lose you change the way those things are functioning At the molecular level and we'll talk more about that too So this is the idea that that you've got these all the superstructure that's depending upon proper function at these basic fundamental levels and of course everything that we have and we eat and we consume as Humans and all the other life on a planet depends on beneficial soil micro organisms that are making sure that Those nutrients are available to plants, but the tribe trouble with an herbicide like Roundup Is that it's designed to stop the amino acid synthesis the aromatic amino acid synthesis? Which means that it can is capable and very effective at Killing the beneficial soil micro organisms upon which this whole superstructure rests and so by taking that out and It was believed that All the only effect is was going to be on plants. Maybe We don't have to worry about the amino acid synthesis But we do have to worry about the microorganisms that are in our gut and they respond to round up the same way the beneficial soil microorganisms do and that's a real problem because it means impacts on immune function that we had not anticipated so Before I get into that in more detail. I want to explain now some basic principles about Why pesticides of any kind can get into the body and what is it that's added to these pesticides that makes them far more efficient? Than they would if they were just looking at the active ingredient, which is only thing that EPA looks at or worries about There are two things that are added to mixtures that you buy off the shelf One of them is a non-ionic or a fat soluble solvents that they put on these things have no electrostatic Charges there they're neutral electrically so to speak and then there are things called surfactants. We'll talk about This this figure And now let's see I'm going to take over again. I want to show what I want to what this figure is all about this is a Projection of a drawing through a cross section of a leaf. This is the top of the leaf Here's the bottom of the leaf Here's one of the stone mates that the plant uses to take in gas and release oxygen There's a hemisphere of water here, which has surface tension And if you put a surfactant in here that will weaken that surface tension to make it easy for Pesticide to get inside the cell and begin to do its work on the top You got a really waxy surface and if you want to get through that waxy surface What you do is you put in a lipid solvent that gets it right through the skin of the of the leaf or an insect And that's how it's designed to work and get these active ingredients in there These two agents typically also have their own biological effects and that's never considered The whole thing about all of this and the reason that I talk about it is that our skin is a Waxy surface and if you haven't noticed next time you get into the shower see how the water beads up on your skin like a nice freshly waxed car and Alternatively another way to think about this is when you go outside and you get rained on why don't you dissolve? So it's a barrier But if you have fat soluble materials that can go right through your skin And so it can get into your body and bypass the natural defenses of the body which are primarily in your liver and in your kidneys The other way it could get in is through your lungs and your lungs have their breathing surfaces have these Thin hemispherical films of water which have surface tension and so the surfactants on here Facilitate entry into your lungs again, which bypasses your natural body defenses So there are two ways these things can get into your body You lie down on grass which has pesticide on it and it can go right through your skin Very important point to remember is these inerts that are part of the pesticide Mixture that you buy off the shelf are not part of the EPA registration process All the testing is done with only the active ingredient And so functionally what you have is a bait-and-switch registration process They test the active ingredient, but they sell you the mix and the two are very different in terms of their chemical activity Also want to point out that it's been discovered rediscovered recently actually this was known actually 20 years ago from federal depositions that these pesticide mixtures now Frequently and often have various kinds of heavy metals in them. It's like arsenic cadmium cobalt chromium nickel lead In the office the shelf pesticide mixtures This of course has lots of implications Like the problem in Flint, Michigan in their water supply. This is analogous to that and so You get lots more than you bargain for when you buy a mixture off the shelf And it's not just the active ingredient that the pesticide companies have registered Now once we understand how it gets into the body Now I want to tell you and explain to you how it is that it can kill or have all these unintended functions That can be Way across the board firstly, how do you divide design a pesticide? Typically what's done is to create some kind of ring-shaped structure This is carbon nitrogen carbon nitrogen carbon nitrogen and that ring-shaped structure there Tends to have very little electrostatic charges on it and that gives it fat solubility Then they will hang off of a Of a ring-shaped structure like this some kind of a charge group this happens to be nitrogen two hydrogens But it could be I'll show you some others Alternative things that give it a charge group and what that does is make it water soluble so you have a molecule that's both fat and water soluble and The reason for that is it firstly you want to get it inside the cell and How do you get it inside each cell of the body? Well, if you've got fat solubility here and no electrostatic charges You can get it to dissolve in this cell membrane, which is a phospholipid membrane Once it gets inside the cell and there are different ways we can do this I'll show you that in a minute then that electrostatic charge on here gets to another fundamental Biophysical principles the first one is fats dissolve in fats That's what gets you through the membrane and the second one is opposite charges attract so now This particular example, this is hypothetical here, which has a positive charge Would be attracted to any opposite charge like the mitochondria, which is full of negative electric Like negative charges, and this is the powerhouse of the cell Also that your DNA your genetic material has a net negative charge So these things come together or they come together this way and because you've got all kinds of ions in your cell This thing could be going anywhere and so what we have here is a Very active molecule that can be doing all kinds of things Depends on where it enters a cell in the timing and everything and finally these other ingredients can also disrupt and break cell membranes And that's one another way that the molecule can the pesticide can get inside the cell So what we have here in effect is a molecular bull in a china shop It's capable of doing all kinds of different things that are unpredictable and And can happen purely by chance all right that's a very crude Beginning to trying to understand how to pesticides get into our body and then how do they do their dirty work? Now I want to talk a little bit about GMO crops and what these mean to other the biochemistry of humans and of animals This is a of course a cornfield This corn if it's genetically engineered and will probably have Bacillus thuringiensis thuringiensis toxins that is BT toxins which are there for larval control They may very well be spraying atrazine for weed control That Bacillus thuringiensis that bacterium that's produced are that Prototoxin that's produced in the corn cells is converted by the gut of an insect that eats the corn And converts it to an endotoxin which is a poison which induces poor formation that punches holes in the walls of the gut and That means that it causes those gut cells to rupture You begin to create a hole Set of holes in the gut and in the case of Caterpillars that have been eating this stuff that causes them to die very very quickly Now the question is might this happen in a mammal? And here's a paper published by Judy Carmon and her colleagues out of Adelaide in Australia long-term toxicology study on pigs fed a combined genetically modified soy and GM Diet on the left versus a control pig that did not get GMO food You can see the difference in the inflammation a huge inflammation on the left And what that means is strong immune activity leaky connections between the cells opportunities for bacteria and other substances to escape the gut and enter the bloodstream and Now I can say well, yeah, here's a GM fed pig I'm eating foods that have GM in it and does there any chance I might be getting a leaky gut on all of this in 2013 a paper came out in PLOS Title was complete genes may pass from food to human blood And this abstract Which is down here that I'm sure you can't read but I'm going to read a little bit of it Here based on the analysis over a thousand human samples from four independent studies Report evidence that meal derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system in one of the blood samples the relative Concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA so if our guts Are very frequently being plundered and poked through by various kinds of chemicals and disrupted and Lots of things are leading in leaking into our bloodstream Foreign molecules entering our bloodstream stimulate our immune responses. That means chronic long-term low-level inflammation I'd like to show you some of the known things that round up Which means glyphosate surfactants and non ionic solvents can do and what their implications are It can induce DNA damage which alters gene expression which alters developmental patterns in embryos it can change aromatase it can inhibit it and Aromatase is a key enzyme because what it does is convert testosterone to estrogen in a one-way You've only go from testosterone to estrogen. I'll show you that a little bit more later What that does is it can change the fetal brain development and the gonad development which means it can change sexual orientation and preferences We'll show you data on that too It stimulates the retinoic acid pathway too much vitamin a When you do that you get more birth defects like microcephaly which is tiny heads And that's been shown in humans Alters energy metabolism like mitochondria These are the power houses of the cell that I was referring to What happens is you start breaking up the mitochondria and you introduce oxidative stress That oxidative stress kills nerves alters hormone levels alters immune function And is the basis for more than 10 chronic diseases It shuts down the chiquimate pathway I mentioned this earlier a loss of aromatic amino acids bacteria die You lose beneficial bacteria in your gut and those beneficial bacteria account for about 70% of your immune function from the gut Roundup is used as a pre harvest desiccant most people don't realize this it's and it's also of course We used as a weed killer, but it's put on sugarcane and beet sugar and grains all these things that are white that are in our diet and That means since it's put on just before harvest that you can be Basically Modifying that can the chemical composition of the foods that make up our sweeteners and our grains they have there's recent study out in 2018 showing that as there's roundup in quicker and general mill cereals and we can show you that publication to Roundup was originally patented to chelate divalent metal ions to clean out boilers What we mean by chelation is that calcium magnesium zinc copper? All of these things can be tied up by Glyphosate which has a couple of charge groups That are negative and it picks up all these Divalent metal cat ions Why is that important because for example calcium magnesium are critical for the catalytic reaction leading to DNA cleavage? That is the splitting of DNA when it copies itself Divalent ions that is too electrostatic positive charges in general are involved in biological catalytic enzyme reactions Which means that you're messing with the fundamental enzymatic control of the body chemistry You can check this out on Google just search for pan glyphosate monograph in 2016 or look for a mortisani at all at 20 2003 or mesonage at all in environmental health in 2015 Or just now tang at all in environmental pollution 2020 Here are documenting all of these kinds of things that I just showed you Evidence is hiding in plain sight. You know, all you got to do is just go to Google scholar and check it out Another paper that came out in nature communications not very long ago Was a paper which has on the left there an amazing title Which is translated how good bacteria control your genes? Chemical signals from gut bacteria influence gene regulation in the gut lining and possibly in the brain and other organs We'll talk some more about that and I'm not going to explain this I want to show I want to talk a little bit now about endocrine effects that can reduce mating success How common herbicides can alter sex hormones at environmentally relevant concentrations? We start with cholesterol way in the upper left here Go through a series of reactions until we get to testosterone And then there's a critical reaction here between testosterone that converts it to estrogen And that's controlled by this enzyme aromatase that I talked about a little bit before Roundup can shut it down reduce its concentration Which tends to block that synthesis so you start building up extra testosterone? You happen to be a woman a male a female especially in utero that may lead to Masculinization and possibly the induction of polycystic ovary syndrome Not which means no ovulation in about 10% of US women have this right now Atrazine on the other hand increases the amount of aromatase which makes this thing go faster from left to right so you can feminize organisms by Increasing that rate of conversion because this is one way. It doesn't go both ways. It only goes one way estrogen Feminization in males will lower sperm production It can give you ovaries and testes in the male. You can get mammary tissue and male breasts and of course as we I pointed out You might see changes in sexual orientation, and I'll show you data on that too And a couple of the lower left hand here is some data or papers Richard at all in 2005 and fan at all in 2007 the document those changes The effect of those herbicides on sex hormones So we get these and soybeans we get a match P GMO corn and now we can ask What are the relevant concentrations of estrogen in humans? Is there evidence for reproductive impairment? This is a fun basic biology text picture Lecture in zoology one-on-one I use this a lot what I want to know is what are the normal hormone concentrations of Estrogen and progesterone at the beginning of the menstrual cycle This is this is a menstrual cycle from the start to end for about But 28 days here and these are various parts of the body This is up here in the brain where the Hypothalamus is producing Lutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone Here's the ovary and the growing follicle here and as it grows it produces more and more Estradiol or what we think of it often referred to as estrogen We start off a woman starts off about 40 parts per trillion And as this follicle grows and produces more hormone here We have an inhibition of the brain as long as this is fairly low concentration But once it reaches a level of about 400 parts per trillion that signals the follicle to open to release the egg and What happens with this high concentration is the brain completely reverses the way that it's Functioning and instead of being inhibited We get this huge surge of LH and FSA especially LH which causes this thing to be released Once it's out of here This thing begins to change the amount of hormone is producing This concentration drops back down you get inhibition again in the brain But look at the difference in these tiny amounts of change of concentration Causing a complete reversal of the way the brain looks at that hormone and how it responds to it These are concentrations in the parts per trillion that can trigger all kinds of reactions in the body and Fred Valmus all at the University of Missouri, Colombia has shown that tiny concentrations in the parts per trillion can alter The the sexual and aggressive nature of rats that are lined up in a uterus Next to each other and of a male is next to two males He will always be the dominant alpha male of the litter if in stead he's surrounded by two females He will always be the most submissive male of the litter and all of that because just a few parts per trillion of estrogen from the surrounding fetuses or testosterone from the surrounding male fetuses cause his Very substantial change in his aggression levels and the way he's going to perform and function as he grows up Hey, is it Berkeley? Has been looking at atrazine has it feminizes male frogs and environmentally relevant concentrations And here we have a plot of the fertility of control male frogs And here's what happens when you give them an environmentally relevant concentration of atrazine And here again, I want to reiterate a very very important principle The terrestrial vertebrates and including humans are conceived as bisexual organisms. We have both a male and a female reproductive tract That's the first third of our development They normally dispose of one of them during development based on the ratio of testosterone and estrogen at decision time Which is about a third of the way through development If there are pseudo or Xeno estrogens, which means basically fake estrogens It looks like to a male embryo that it is more female and so it changes direction Induces fewer sertoldi cells that is Bermudner cells in the testus and alters the brain sex center development accordingly Tyrone tried to breed these frogs and Here is a couple of male frogs Trying to breed with each other Each of these animals has two to three to four sets of ovaries and testes in the body Tim Pasteur the Representative for syngenta that makes atrazine says At this time EPA believes that no additional testing is warranted to address this issue And I ought to point out to you that atrazine again Up regulates or increases the amount of aromatase which elevates estrogen which elevates breast cancer risk And by the way syngenta also makes drugs that treat breast cancer Now the obvious question now is might estrogen changes alter human sexual behavior Now you should realize that the estrogen receptor is what we might refer to as promiscuous That is it has about 12 different partners like flame retardants Plasticizers like non-o phenol PCBs dioxins phthalates the things that make Shrink wrap plastic The kind of things that you might put over a salad bowl to keep the water from being lost by evaporation Well Bruce McEwen a wonderfully brilliant epidemiologist and reproductive biologist at Donan Research Triangle Park area in 1987 and environmental health perspectives volume 74 pages 177 to 184 Reboot this paper stewart hormones and brain development some guidelines for understanding actions of pseudo hormones and other toxic agents And in that paper, there's a paragraph titled psychosexual differentiation and diethylstilbasterol DES Further insight into actions of estrogens on brain development has come from studies of offspring of mothers human mothers Exposed to the pseudo estrogen diethylstilbasterol during pregnancy It was originally given because they wanted to try to Suppress the possibility of losing the fetus of abortion natural abortions So they were giving this thing Prophylactically in studies thus far completed and published prenatal DES alters general measures of Personality and leads to altered patterns of sexual behavior in adolescence and adulthood that reduce the formation of heterosexual Relationships these differences from carefully matched normal subjects could not be explained by sexual dysfunctions Such as vaginismus and dysperiunia which were low in both groups But rather appear to be due to psychosocial and neuroendocrine factors related to DES exposure in utero These are the papers these sites Changes in sexual behavior, but we began to wonder whether or not Herbicides if they were doing this kind of thing might be able to induce abortions and resorptions of embryos And so we went to the local farm and fleet and bought some I'll a particular herbicide mix that was used very frequently to 4d it had in it Mekoprop and dicamba All right, that's an herbicide. What do you notice about the structure of these molecules a ring-shaped structure? fat solubility negative chloride negative acid negative chloride water solubility Same thing here same thing here and by the way to 4d by the way always has two small Dioxins these are some of the most potent estrogens on the planet. They have a very long lifetime We absorb them we put them into our fat which may be in the ovaries which have yolk and the eggs Which is fat soluble And by the way, we have to 4d resistant L-falfa now, which is being grown in Montana and fed to beef cattle And so the question was are we going to see changes in the number of offspring if we give these environmentally relevant doses So what we did was Looked at litter size we we dose them Here the controls no no chemical at all. This is nice pure water here smallest litter size was eight Very low dose here 39 parts per billion 320 parts per billion 77,000 parts per billion and 400,000 parts per billion EPA said this was a totally safe dose Now if we look to see What's the average litter size for the con for all of these different doses? Which one of these is the smallest average litter size of all those doses which dose does it? the lowest dose at the greatest losses an inverse dose response The lower you go the greater the effect Well before that we had done another study. We discovered By accident that alde carb was immunosuppressive a Thousand times lower than EPA said was totally safe There's a long story behind that, but basically what we have here. This was the study that we did John Olson was a senior author on that paper We're looking at the ability to make antibodies Against a foreign protein and here's the control and we were getting on the average about 10 plaque forming cells per spleen This is a normal control EPA said a thousand parts per billion was totally safe We went to that one a hundred ten and one Again an inverse dose response fewer proteins being able to be formed as Antibodies making antibodies against this thing. We didn't believe that work We repeated it four separate times We had some of the best statisticians in the world come in who are on the campus there to help us analyze this to make sure This was absolutely correct This was the paper that got us X communicator from the EPA Once they saw this they said don't bother coming back for funding. We're not going to fund you anymore Inverse dose response for immune function I Want to point out to you that immune insult is associated with many serious chronic health problems asthma and allergic diseases autoimmunity Infectious diseases and ineffective vaccine responses cancer No degenerative disease and neurocognitive loss cerebral palsy atherosclerosis hypertension Male sterility This is the paper right here Deeter Deeter 2007 Especially I want to highlight this one particular item here ineffective vaccine responses with Immune insult That looks pretty bad especially in the context of what's happening globally right now in terms of a possible pandemic Almost 30% of the US population on drugs that have immunosuppressive properties That does not look good Neurological effects learning and behavior disorders This paper was a critical opening salvo Elizabeth Gillette was a medical anthropologist working in the US and The people of Mexico and the Yaki Valley in Sonora, Mexico contacted her and said something is happening to our children What was going on was that a wealthy Foundation in the US said let's help the economy of Mexico will make some money available for agricultural development the Yaki Valley in Sonora, Mexico Was purchased and they moved in there and they said to the local indigenous Natives of Inca descent. We're going to make you wealthy. We're going to grow lots of crops here. You sell a lot of Food to the US and by the way, we're going to spray about once a week Half of that indigenous population said no, thank you and they moved lock stock and barrel up the mountain to continue their organic agriculture The other half of this population of related people stayed there in the valley and began to work the fields and The women started to develop breast cancer and began to die in substantial numbers But the reason they called Dr. Gillette in and her Mexican colleagues who were also doctors was that the children were different Somehow rather the children in the valley Were not functioning like they used to they could not skip rope and keep doing it They could not drop clothespins and bottles and when they asked them to draw a human figure Here's what the children in the valley who were exposed drew Here's the kids from the foothills. These are five and it's four and five and six-year-olds what you would expect is facial features on the hand and the face thing digits on the hands and feet and Especially notice their orientation These kids start at the top and they work down When this child I talked to Dr. Gillette about this These normal I mean aren't these extreme and she said no these are typical of the drawings that we got from all the kids When we asked this person this child wits. What is the top? She pointed here. Where's the bottom? She pointed here. I Have a sister who is an occupational therapist in the Chicago area and when she saw these Because she works with disabled kids. She tears came to her eyes. She said I've never seen such a devastation neurologically these children will likely never be able to develop normal social relationships and they're very very touch-aversive Valley teen boys have now reached sexual maturity, and they have very large breasts Appears that they may have mammary tissue in their tender breasts. The teen valley girls have only fat in their breasts So they would never be able to nurse their children The children's mothers in the valley have very high rates of breast cancer And so the question is what will our children's future be? And a hint here is how much are we spending now on remedial education? In Madison, Wisconsin, we spend more on remedial education than a reading writing and arithmetic The gut microbiome talks to the nerves may impact on the nerves of the brain and here's how that may work Roundup and other toxic chemicals and roundup kill the beneficial bacteria the degrade glyphosate however, there's an increased harmful clostridia bacteria that in the gut that and Oh, yes that was determined also because of urine that contains glyphosate So you know, it's there, but the thing about this is that that bacteria that survives glyphosate is clostridia botulinum Which is immune to glyphosate, and that's what makes botulism toxin Botulism toxin you may heard about Botox Well, one of the consequences of that is what leaks out of the gut and you start generating increased toxic phenols Which increased the inhibition of dopamine beta hydroxyl H, which is a new neurological neurotransmitter That increased dopamine gets into the cell Material and breaks down into toxic metabolites those toxic metabolites Increase the damage to the brain mitochondria the powerhouse of the nerve cells that make them function That means increased denaturization of the long parts of the nerves that make the connections with other nerves and it shuts down the Energy production and so you have a major decrease in the energy ability and the transmission ability of neurons so that upper right hand paragraph there from share in 2017 says Elevated urinary glyphosate and clostridia metabolites with altered dopamine metabolism in Triplets with autistic spectrum disorder or suspected seizure disorder a case study In other words they had in one family all three kids were impacted this way This is purely correlation. It's not mechanistic But somebody put together this data showing the usage and the red line of corn and soy with glyphosate in it and Number of children with autism That's pure correlation and you can't say anything about that other than there's a Association but down here another paper In medical sciences in 2018 My a girl Cardoso and Zaden Julia Shows that all of these evidences together support that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in general and the proliferation of intestinal clostridia may contribute to the clinical picture of ASD Like the functioning as key elements in the development of autism Now if we start changing the DNA and the developmental processes We can expect to see changes in development. We talked about Feminization of males one of the kinds of feminization and males you can get is what we call hypospatias I don't know if you know what a hypospatia is But it's the opening of the penis is which is normally at the tip But in a hypospatia it's part way down the main shaft So it might be a halfway down or might even be at the base of the penis And so you have to have an operation to move that hole back up to the tip where it belongs Paul Winchester Who is a clinical professor at the Indiana University School of Medicine and head and director of neonatology there? got wondering about Atrazine which was changing in Concentration in the surface waters that were being used for drinking water and Began to wonder whether or not the presence of atrazine might have something to do With these hypospatias which were sexual dysfunctions since atrazine changes Aromatase which changes the amount of testosterone to estrogen and What he found was when he looked at the frequency of male genitalia in terms of month of conception Those that were conceived in the months when the atrazine was high had much higher rates of those hypospatias those feminization kinds of effects and Here's something that's been happening in Wisconsin and other rural areas of the country This is called gastroscissus the intestines part of the internal organs are outside the body of the of the baby girl here and I Want to ask you what does this picture suggest? And that is that the genetic control of development has been changed That is not a normal developmental process Changes in fetal gene expression have been measured in rats Bring out that if you look at control versus Vinclosal We get Jeans that control Alzheimer's Carcinomial the synovial carcinomas schizophrenia Mutant allele specific amplification neural tube defects and various tumors the big thing about this is that the particular kinds of Changes that have happened here have turned out to be multi-generational Heritable changes that can go as much as four generations down the developmental pathway So that an exposure by great-grandma Decrease birth defects and induce these kinds of gene related diseases We can also increase death rates by compromising neurological endocrine immune and epigenetic functions and I'll just show you very briefly how the technologies that are emerging now can Be used to get at the fundamental biochemistry and how the fundamental biochemistry of the body is changing This lady here doctor for you both Saudi Porter She's developed metatabaloma dynamics platforms of with 30 microliters of cell culture or just for samples or Biofluids of whole organisms she can get unbiased detection of biomarkers that change in response to perturbations like stress Infection disease toxicance hibernation Substrate utilization and gut microbiome functions She can also using her stable isotope assisted labeling Look at biochemical pathway shifts and flux measurements in real-time non-invasive of the using breath in response to perturbations like all of these things here and I just want to illustrate for you How that happens or how you can measure it on the upper left hand of their Are some very narrow tubes that are about maybe a 15 About about six six to seven inches long. There's 30 microliters of serum She takes them up here puts them into a nuclear magnetic resonance machine and by nuking them She can get a sequence of what is the biochemistry doing in this case for the onset of infection Now here's a mouse and in each one of these spikes here is a different molecule At zero hours here is it healthy. It's pretty quiet Four hours after the administration of a foreign protein Now we're starting to see some acetate and a few other things start to pop up eight hours into the infection all kinds of things are popping up and so And you can follow the fundamental biochemical processes of of an infectious process Going from what it turns out to be very simple kinds of things to far more complex molecules and numbers of them and Abundances of them that weren't at all present when the animal was healthy this kind of change also appears in chemicals exposures it turns out and Here is one example of work that's in review showing a Whole suite of different biomarkers like the ones I just showed you For when you introduce atrazine at 10 parts per billion These are different biomarkers one that is shut down a whole bunch of others that are turned on If you have atrazine plus nitrate which tend to cancel each other a bit you get this singular Signal here, and if you have nitrate in present you're changing these particular blue markers here So it's possible to know we think to Identify biochemically the kinds of stressors that animals have been exposed to This technology there's a lot more coming. There's another other papers in review now But in this particular case, we're looking at key lipid amino acid and energy cycle pathways that have been altered a Whole suite of things that are never part of the EPA registration process So in summary how you control population size the ecology of ecotoxicology We can decrease births or we can increase deaths, and I've shown you how we can change fertility Reduce mating success Increase birth defects, which is the greatest source of infant mortality and change change fetal gene expression By increasing deaths we can enhance aggression, which was that triangle thing contaminate the air food and water Compromise neurological hormone immune and epigenetic functions none of which are tested by the EPA and Alter the metabolome the biochemical pathways of the body So in summary what have we learned? Data suggests that we may be sexually assaulting our children in utero Possibly altering their sexual preferences or aborting them prematurely Virtually no marketed pesticide formulation has ever been registered by the EPA So there are no data on formulations Registrations do not include tests for neurological endocrine immune developmental or epigenetic DNA methylation tests, so there are no data from collectively sensitive tests Finally the data for registrations come from the companies that make the chemicals a clear conflict of interest So we have biased data These are the bases for registration by the EPA So the question is how are can we afford to raise generations of children that are neurologically endocrine logically immunologically and reproductively impaired Can we afford to induce chronic long-term subtle diseases and altered genetic expression that may be passed to subsequent generations? So in summary here are three of the things that I showed you current status of three key human systems in neurological endocrine and immune functions All of them being changed in very dramatic ways We have a good solid theoretical basis, but our EPA will not Bubar any of these chemicals So we have one solution we can allow inlaces to continue to accumulate until a breaking point is reached Where the remaining population recognizes likely causes and decides to act or we can have change in market share All you have to do is spend differently We need unbiased research We need PGM or labeling We need an independent National Organic Standards Board and certifiers Lately the USDA has undermined this board and has inserted their own people the contrary to the laws of that thing And finally strong marketing campaigns So in view of all that we've seen before People often ask me Warren don't you think we have a problem here? And don't you think things are going too slowly and I say well, you know Every time somebody asked me that question I respond by saying I am always reminded of the story about this co-pilot co-pilot of Howard Harrison He was a very famous War ace in Vietnam and when the war was over there. He began to fly 747s And he had a perfect landing pattern perfect safety record And one year he just said to his boss. He said I'm tired of taking these exams every year I'm not going to bother to take them anymore. I've got this perfect record My boss said Howard. He said you better take that exam. We're gonna ground you Because I'm a writer and I'll take your exam So he goes in and he flies through all the exams no problem till the very last exam Which is the eye exam and you can hardly make to eat on the top of the chart The doctor said Howard. He said how can you do that? You've got perfect landing patterns perfect safety record And you can have to read the on the top of my chart Howard says doc. He says I've been flying since I was 14. It's easy You just get in the cockpit you get taxi clearance you taxi down to the end of the runway You get takeoff clearance. You shove the stick forward and off you go Then I get up in the air and I dial the autopilot plane flies itself I get near the airport and I get on the glide path and I shove the stick forward and down and down We go And doc said I know I know how hard but why don't you crash? He said doc. It's easy You just keep going down and down and down and when a co-pilot says I pull back Thank you very much And I just thought I'd tell you what I do to protect myself and my family clean organic or Biodynamic diet as much as possible Because one of the things we've learned is that but the body chemistry reponse responds very rapidly to good or bad diets Pure filtered water for cooking and drinking Reverse osmosis is thorough, but activated charcoal is also good Drink plenty of fluids that allows you to excrete water-soluble toxins in your urine Sweat regularly you excrete fat soluble toxins when you sweat Only one daily children's vitamin which is little bits of stuff not a big massive vitamin dose Omega L alpha omega 3 algae omega 3 Not fish oil omega 3 because fish have got a lot of con Other stuff in it and they can't get it out cleanly and then cl a conjugated little acid which And on what's in parentheses there is what each of those are doing replacing chelated ions supporting neurological health and CLA is an immune stimulant amazing chemical Routism especially Join and support local national and international groups working for good causes like what you all represent right here tonight We need to support organic farmers get clean water and air and justice issues And we are a lot more effective at working together So thank you